江蘇省2019高考英語 第二部分 語法核心突破 第三課時 介詞和介詞短語課件.ppt

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1、第三課時介詞和介詞短語,,1.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1，000 years old.(2017天津卷),A.among B.against C.behind D.below 答案A句意：當(dāng)你開車穿過加利福尼亞的紅木森林時，你將會穿梭于超過千年歷史的樹木之間。be among 位于之間；be against 反對；be behind 在后面；be below在之下。根據(jù)句意，故選A。,感 悟 高 考,2.Many peop

2、le who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.(2017北京卷),A.at B.in C.on D.by 答案B句意：許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。此處用介詞in，不用by，因為by后面通常接做什么事情來謀生，此處是指在捕魚這個行業(yè)里謀生，用in，故選B。,3.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.________，hes reliable.(2016浙江卷),A.Or else B.In

3、short C.By the way D.For one thing 答案B句意：那個年輕人是誠實的，合作的，總是當(dāng)你需要他的時候就幫助你?？傊强煽康?。or else 否則。in short 總之；by the way 順便說；for one thing 一方面。 根據(jù)句意，答案為B。,4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.(2015江蘇卷),A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for 答案D句意：如果

4、沒有托馬斯愛迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是不會出現(xiàn)的。thanks to幸虧，由于；regardless of不管，不顧；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果沒有的話。,要 點 精 析,1.表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near,2.表示方位的between和among,3.表示方位的across, through, over和past,4.表示時間點的at, in和on,5.表示時間段的for和since,6.表示交通方式的by, in和on,7.表示“用”的by, in和with,8.表示“除外”的except, except

5、for和besides,9.其他?？冀樵~的用法,(1)against的用法,(2)beyond的用法,(3)over的用法,(4)to的用法,(5)under的用法,(6)with的用法,1.介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(1)atn.表示狀態(tài) at a loss 不知所措 at peace 處于和平中 at war 在戰(zhàn)爭中 at work 在工作 (2)其他以at開頭的介詞短語 at the beginning of 在的開始 at the cost of 以的代價 at the risk of 冒的危險 at the mercy of 在支配下,(3)onn.表示狀態(tài) on exhibition

6、/show 在展出 on fire 著火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在減少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on duty/guard 在值班/站崗,(4)其他以on開頭的介詞短語 on account of 因為 on no account/condition 決不 on behalf of 代表 (5)byn.表示方式 by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飛機 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistak

7、e 錯誤地 by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地,(6)inn.表示方式 in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款 in width 在寬度上 in depth 在深度上 in detail 詳細地 in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上 in length 在長度上 in English 用英語 (7)其他以in開頭的介詞短語 in need of 需要 in no case 決不 in no time 立刻 in no way 決不 in place of 代替 in possession of 擁有，占有,in addition to 另外 in response

8、to 作為回應(yīng) in spite of 盡管 in favor of 支持，贊成 in case of 萬一；如果；假如 in celebration of 為慶祝 in control of 管理；控制；操縱 in honour of 為向表示敬意 in memory of 為了紀(jì)念 in support of 為支持,in the charge of 在的管理下 in the direction of 在方向 in the face of 面對 in charge of 掌管 in return 作為回報 in exchange for 作為交換,(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)

9、 of benefit 有益處的 of help 有幫助的 of use 有用的 of value 有價值的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有意義的,(9)out ofn.表示狀態(tài) out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上氣不接下氣 out of control 不受控制 out of date 過期 out of debt 不欠債 out of order 出故障 out of shape 走樣，不成形 out of sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能 out of work 失業(yè),(10)u

10、ndern.表示被動 under attack 遭到襲擊 under pressure 在壓力下 under control 處于控制之中 under construction 在建造中 under discussion 在討論中 under treatment 在治療中,(11)withn.表示方式 with delight/joy 高興地 with ease 輕而易舉地 with pleasure 樂意地 with difficulty 困難地 with fear 害怕地,(12)beyondn.表示“超出，難以” beyond pare 無與倫比 beyond reach 夠不到 bey

11、ond description 難以描述 beyond doubt 不用懷疑，確實地 beyond expression/words 難以表達,2.介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(1)beadj.about be anxious about 憂慮 be curious about 對好奇 be particular about 對講究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about 對擔(dān)心,(2)beadj.at be angry at 因生氣 be astonished at 對吃驚 be present at 出席 be disappointed at 對失望 be good at

12、擅長,(3)beadj.in be absorbed in 專注于 be active in 積極于 be dressed in 穿著 be rich in 富含 be interested in 對感興趣 be involved in 包括在中，被卷入 be engaged in 忙于 be occupied in 忙于,(4)beadj.for be eager for 渴望 be fit for 適合，勝任 be ready for 準(zhǔn)備好 be thankful for 因而感激 be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望 be prepared for 為做好準(zhǔn)備 be famou

13、s for 以著名 be hungry for 渴望 be sorry for 對感到抱歉,(5)beadj.from be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 遠離 be free from 不受影響 (6)beadj.to be close to 接近 be contrary to 與相反 be devoted to 致力于,be equal to 等于 be familiar to 對來說熟悉 be friendly to 對友好 be good to 對有好處 be grateful to 對心存感激 be harmful

14、to 對有危害 be kind to 對友好 be opposed to 反對 be similar to 與相似 be/get used to (變得)習(xí)慣于,(7)beadj.of be aware of 意識到 be full of 充滿 be short of 缺乏 be ashamed of 為感到羞恥 be fond of 喜歡 be proud of 因而自豪 be tired of 厭煩,(8)beadj.with be filled with 充滿 be busy with 忙于 be bined with 與結(jié)合 be content with 對滿意 be covered

15、 with 被覆蓋 be familiar with 對熟悉 be patient with 對有耐心 be popular with 受的歡迎 be satisfied with 對滿意,be pleased with 對感到滿意 by angry with (sb) 對(某人)發(fā)怒 be concerned with 與有關(guān)；涉及，關(guān)心，關(guān)注,解 題 策 略,利用置入法解決介詞短語的相關(guān)題目 關(guān)于介詞短語的相關(guān)題目，一般采用將介詞短語置入句子，進行逐一翻譯的方法。解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵就是平時多積累相關(guān)知識，然后讀懂題干的含義。 1.Starting your own business cou

16、ld be a way to achieving financial independence.________，it could just put you in debt.(江西卷),A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand 答案D句意：開辦自己的公司可能是一種獲得經(jīng)濟獨立的方法，另一方面，它也可能讓你負債累累。on the other hand另一方面，符合題意，故選D項。in other words換句話說， all in all總之，as a result結(jié)果。,2.Tom always goe

17、s jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.(江蘇卷),A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion 答案C句意：Tom堅持早上跑步并且還常常做俯臥撐來維持體形。in place就位，到位；in order井然有序；in shape保持體形；in fashion 流行。,針 對 訓(xùn) 練,1.The dictionary is ________：many words have been added to the language since it

18、 was published.(2016天津卷),A.out of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach 答案B根據(jù)后半部分“many words have been added to the language since it was published”可知，這本字典過時(out of date)了。out of control失控；out of sight在視野之外；out of reach夠不著。,2.Most people work because its unavoidable.________，there are

19、some people who actually enjoy work.(2015浙江卷),A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion 答案C句意：大多數(shù)人工作是因為無法避免，________也有一些人確實喜歡工作。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示前后對比。by contrast相比之下，符合語境。as a result結(jié)果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion總之。,3.An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern islan

20、d discovered a long lost antique Greek vase ________.,A.at random B.by chance C.in turn D.on occasion 答案B句意：最近乘渡船去南部島嶼旅行的一位藝術(shù)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個久已失傳的希臘特有花瓶。A項意為“任意地，隨便地”；B項意為“偶然地；意外地”；C項意為“依次；輪流地”；D項意為“有時；間或”。由句意可知B項正確。,4.________ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home.,A.Owe to B.As resu

21、lt of C.In case of D.Because of 答案D根據(jù)句意可知，逗號前應(yīng)為原因狀語，故C項不對；A項應(yīng)為owing to；B項應(yīng)為as a result of。故只有D項正確。,5.The doctor advised her to eat more bean products ________ meat which might be harmful to her heart.,A.for lack of B.by means of C.in place of D.in favour of 答案C句意：醫(yī)生建議她多吃豆類食品來代替可能對她的心臟有害的肉類。in place

22、of “代替，頂替”，符合句意。for lack of 缺乏，短缺；by means of 借助手段，依靠方法；in favour of 支持，贊同。 ,6.The popularity of the example in his lecture was beyond his expectation, but actually he just came up with it ________ during the course.,A.in case B.in return C.by nature D.by chance 答案D句意：他講座中那個例子所受歡迎的程度超出了他的預(yù)期，可事實上他只是在

23、講座中偶然想到的。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選擇by chance 偶然，意外地。in case 以防萬一；in return 作為(對的)回報；by nature 天生地，天性。,7.The businessman you referred to just now is selfless, who does everything for others ________ nothing.,A.in preference to B.in place of C.in agreement with D.in exchange for 答案D句意：你剛才提到的那個商人很無私，他為他人做任何事情都不求回報。in

24、exchange for 作為的交換；in preference to優(yōu)先于；in place of代替；in agreement with 同意，與一致。根據(jù)句意可知，選D項。,8.Air quality in Beijing was rated as poor ________ more than 5 million cars in the capital.,A.except for B.regardless of C.due to D.in spite of 答案C句意：北京的空氣質(zhì)量之所以列入差的行列是因為首都有五百萬輛汽車。except for 除了；regardless of 不管

25、，不顧；due to 因為，由于；in spite of 雖然，盡管。根據(jù)句意選C項。,9.I went along thinking nothing ________，just looking at things around me.,A.in brief B.in doubt C.in particular D.in harmony 答案C句意：我一直走著，沒特別想些什么，只是看看周圍的東西。in brief簡單扼要地；in doubt 懷疑地；in harmony 和諧地；in particular特別，尤其。根據(jù)句意可知選C。,10.Many plants could move nor

26、thward and toward the Pacific coast ________ rising temperatures and changes in rainfall.,A.with regard to B.in defense of C.by means of D.in reaction to 答案D句意：許多植物可能北移到太平洋沿岸以應(yīng)對溫度的上升和降水量的變化。in reaction to “對的反應(yīng)”，符合句意。A項意為“關(guān)于，就而論”；B項意為“防御”；C項意為“借助某事物，以方法”。,11.________ electronic mail, today you can s

27、end a letter halfway around the world in seconds simply by pressing a button.,A.Thanks to B.Apart from C.Regardless of D.According to 答案A句意：幸虧有了電子郵件，現(xiàn)在你只要按一下按鈕就能在幾秒內(nèi)把一封信寄出半個世界了。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A項。apart from 除以外；regardless of 不管，不論；according to 依據(jù)，根據(jù)。,12.Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always ________ whenever she tries to.,A.in the way B.on watch C.in sight D.on the line 答案A句意：Mrs.Smith發(fā)現(xiàn)很難清理混亂局面，因為當(dāng)她盡力清理時她的孩子總是妨礙她。in the way妨礙；on watch值班，監(jiān)視；in sight在視力范圍內(nèi)，在即；on the line處于危險中，(對方)在接電話。,