Module 1《Small Talk》Grammar學案1（外研版選修6）

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111 選修6模塊1 Module 1《Small Talk》 Period 2: grammar, reading and writing 學習目標： 知識與技能：復習情態(tài)動詞完成式，掌握電子郵件寫法 過程與方法：復習鞏固 情感態(tài)度與價值觀：熟練作題技巧，樂于動手，動腦 重難點：NEED情態(tài)動詞的應用和電子郵件的書寫 知識鏈接：情態(tài)動詞用法 學法指導：復習，動手 學習過程： Ⅰ.didn't need to do表示： __________________________________________　 needn't have done表示： __________________________________________　　 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了(Mary步行回家沒有遇上John的車。) 典型例題 There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn't have hurried　 B. couldn't have hurried　　 C. must not hurry　 D. needn't have hurried 答案D。needn't have done. 意為"本不必"，即已經做了某事，而時實際上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正確，對過去發(fā)生事情進行否定性推斷應為couldn't have done, "不可能已經"。 Ⅱ. 情態(tài)動詞 + have + done Something may have happened to her. 她可能發(fā)生了什么事情。 She might have had an accident. 她或許遭受了意外. So she must have taken that too. 因此，她肯定把它也帶走了。 1) 這三句話都用了“情態(tài)動詞＋不定式的完成時”，表示對發(fā)生過的事作某種猜測、推測。(1)? must have done 可用來對某件過去的事情作__________推測，表示“一定已經，想必已經”做過某事，用于肯定的陳述句中。否定句中用__________。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. 她一定已經收到包裹了，我是用掛號寄的。 (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “____________________”，就語氣而言 could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九點前已離去。 (3)? should have done / ought to have done 表示“__________”但實際未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't. 我本該在九點以前離開倫敦，但是我沒有。 (4)? shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“__________”，但實際上又做了。 He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did. 他本不該在九點前離開倫敦，但是他離開了。 (5)?can't / couldn't have done 表否定推測，“__________”。 She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡覺了，因為她房間的燈還亮著。 (6)? could have done 可表示客觀上“____________________”。 He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard. (7) I needn't have gone to the office yesterday? (but I went there). 昨天我沒必要去辦公室（但我卻去了）。 (8) might have done 還可表示過去“本可能發(fā)生但實際上沒有發(fā)生的動作”。用于表示說話人對已發(fā)生事提出批評或意見。 He might have given more help, even though he was very busy. 即使他很忙，也可以多幫忙。Ⅲ.高考例析 1. Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. ??????????? A. might 　　　　B. should 　　　　　C. can 　　　　　　D. will 2. I was really anxious about you. You_________ home without a word. ??????????? （01 全國） ???????A. mustn't leave????? B. shouldn't have left???? C. couldn't have left????? D. needn't leave 3. — I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. ????— You________ her last week. （04 福建） ??????A．ought to tell??? B．would have told???? C．must tell???? D．should have told 4. — Tom graduated from college at a very young age. ????— Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全國IV） ??????????? A. could????? B. should???? C. might??? D. must 5. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. ??????????? A. should???? B. must????? C. wouldn't?????? D. can't 6. — Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere. ????— Well. He have gone far—his coat's still here. （05湖北卷） ??????????? A．shouldn't???? B．mustn't????? C．can't?????? D．wouldn't 7. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. ??????— Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (05 江蘇卷) ??????????? A. may go through??????? B. might go through ?????????? C. ought to have gone through???? D. must have gone through 8. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （05 北京春季） ??????????? 　　A. must drop??????? B. must have dropped ??????????????? C. must be dropping????? D. must have been dropped 9. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. ??????????? A. should have arrived???????? B. should arrive ??????????? C. should have had arrived???? D. should be arriving 10. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （05 山東卷） ??????????? A. could??? B. would??? C. must??? D. need 11. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?— Something ______ to him. ??????????? A．must happen???? B．should have happened ??????????? C．could have happened???? D．must have happened 12. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident? happened. （05 天津卷） ??????????? A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't 13. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. （05 遼寧卷） ??????????? A．should put?? B．could have put?? C．might put??? D．must have put ?????????? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 V. reading and writing: To learn to read emails and write replies After you read Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book go to a reception__________________ at the Chinese Embassy__________________ good at small talk with…______________ say the wrong thing______________ be kind enough to answer thequestions____________ 1. favor的用法n. ________________________ 1）in favor (of )表示“______________”，常用作表語或后置定語。 The students were in favor of reform. 學生贊成改革。 2）do sb. a favor或do a favor for sb. 是個正式的禮貌用語，意思是“______________”。 Would you do me a favor? 幫我一下好嗎？ Do me a favor by turning off the radio. 幫我把收音機關掉。 Do me the favor to come. 務請光臨。 注：do sb. a favor后接of doing 或不定式時，應將不定冠詞a改為定冠詞the。 3）ask a favor of sb=ask sb a favor________________ 2. certain用法歸納 1）. certain&sure ① certain&sure都可用 be sure/certain to do ________________ sb. be sure/certain of/about sth. ________________ of doing sth. that…. for sure/certain ________________ make sure/certain that/of ________________ ②只用certain：________________ 只用sure：________________ 辨析：certain和some都有“某個”的意思。但用法不同。 certain的意思是：某個，某些。例如： ?A?certain?person?called?on?you?yesterday.??______________________________? ?Certain?things?are?not?openly?spoken?about.? ______________________________? some表示“某個”時，只能和可數名詞的單數連用，不需要用冠詞。即some=a certain There's?some?man?at?the?door?--?go?and?see?what?he?wants.? ?______________________________? ?Some?girl?called?while?you?were?out? ?______________________________ Writing a reply 電子郵件格式 正式格式 　　Dear Sir， 　　I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Dephone-S250 I bought on 20th Apr.2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan，P.R.China ... __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 　 Thank you for your consideration. 　　 Sincerely yours， 　 　…………… 非正式的格式 稱呼和正文之間，段落之間，正文和信尾客套話之間一般空一行，開頭無須空格。如： Jimmy, I received your memo and will discuss it with Eric on Wednesday. Best, David The reply: Very nice to meet you again here. I am happy to learn that next week, you’re going to a reception at the Chinese Embassy there in London. You say you’re going to meet some senior high school students and their teachers. That is very interesting. The only problem is that some of the Chinese are not so good at English. Do be worried about saying the wrong thing or making them feel bored. They come to your country to learn and to share. You may just ask and answer any questions you like. You may do some preparation by watching CCTV news so that you know what you can talk about with the Chinese people that you meet. I am sure they would be kind enough to answer your questions. Here in China, there are no questions that you couldn’t really ask people that you don't know. Chinese teenagers like talking about many things, such as sport, music and films. They even find politics and the weather interesting. Looking forward to meet you face to face here in China. 111