掘進(jìn)機(jī)箱體及組合機(jī)床-外文文獻(xiàn)

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Roadheader cabinet and combination machine tools Whole section tunneler is set for the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and automatic control in the integration of the world recognized rapid underground excavation engineering the most effective large high technology, is complete construction equipment will be heading, mobile, out of ballastless and lining etc multifunctional organic combination together of the joint unit, blend the new materials, new technology, hydraulic, automatic control, information, electronic, electric power, environmental protection, artificial intelligence, laser-guided, remote measure, remote sensing such high-tech. Due to the whole section roadheader construction method is fast, high quality, safety, to rock destruction to environment protection, small, the reduction of labor intensity and improve the working environment, are widely used in characteristics such as water, water and electricity, railways, highways, mines, urban subway and network and military facilities underground engineering construction. At present, the whole section roadheader has become a large-scale tunnel construction engineering device of choice. It is to achieve heading, rock slag sensitisity bracing shipment, the holes once excavation construction equipment, is the high-tech world most advanced tunnel construction machinery. From the practical concept of tunnel construction, to distinguish themselves from other excavation tunnel machinery, we can usually defined as the tunnel boring with crushing or cutting tunnel influence mechanical energy, then will break or cutting material output and obtain continuous backward expected hole type, tunnel line machine. According to a cross section of tunnel boring excavation of all sections of proportion is divided into whole section roadheader and part two roadheader cross-section. Whole section tunneler is mainly including whole section rock tunneler (also called TBM) and whole section shield machine (commonly referred to as the shield). Whole section rock tunneler is mainly used to have certain ability of rock strata since the instability in the wild, more for tunneling of long tunnel (such as diversion tunnel, railway tunnel, etc.). And a shield machine is mainly used for water strata, weak instability surrounding rock, there is strict settlement control on the surface of the city underground engineering or request tunnel across the excavation engineering. Whole section rock tunneler (TBM) mainly divided into open wide type, single shield, double shield to wait for a few kinds; Shield machine is mainly divided into earth pressure balance, slurry balance to wait for a few kinds. Have some difference between working principle. Whole section rock tunneler nose and influence the enclosed space between not formed according to its use,, without the need to control the surface subsidence. The technical key in high-speed, high reliability of long distance dug broken high strength rocks, geological adaptiveness, accurate orientation, transmission and ventilation dust removal, etc. And nose and environmental constraints shield between formed an airtight room to balance the formation pressure, the control of the ground surface settlement is the key. Overall, whole section rock tunneler is greater than the technical difficulties shield machine. Whole section roadheader as the underground space development in the most modern large-scale construction equipment for underground space development, is undoubtedly the main equipment. But from the current domestic all adopt in the construction of perspective, se se but used by foreign manufacturers are almost occupied, mostly the machine imported, and a small amount of domestic enterprise production is in part, the others all import of mechanical parts in domestic assembly. As the development of its this phenomenon, the result is China's investment, but the economy, boosting others enable foreigners earn all his money away. On the other hand, because foreign companies control the core technology and integrated technology, make the price of TBM, in a great extent high, restricted the roadheader wide application in tunnel construction. Therefore, the domestic construction enterprises with independent intellectual property rights expect local equipment will soon come out. Whole section tunneler is with high technical content and added value high products, reflect a nation's comprehensive national strength and scientific and technological level, the equipment manufacturing industry innovation system is the important component. So whole section roadheader industry development, for the readjustment of industrial structure of our country, driving the development of relevant industries, improve the level of the equipment manufacturing industry in China will play an important role. From a long-term strategic development, China can't always view on foreign equipment and talents to develop underground space. Our country has such a great roadheader market, and as the power equipment manufacturing, can never long-term machine imported foreign roadheader, allow foreign roadheader manufacturers to carve up China's market. Therefore, "11th five-year plan" period, we must grasp the core technology of the whole section roadheader, establish and integration technology in their whole section roadheader industry. Whole section roadheader development situation Whole section roadheader began in the early 19th century Britain, development, and Japanese ought to apply to the subway tunnel, railway tunnel, road tunnels, water diversion tunnel, mine laneway, city municipal tunnel, etc. Various kinds of tunnel engineering. Our whole section roadheader in the research and development began in 1960s, development in 1990's, including the largest number of subway use, accounting for approximately 80%. Modern whole section roadheader has evolved into a highly intelligent, the collecting machine, electricity, liquid, light, computer technology as one of the major underground construction machinery and equipment. 1, overseas development situation The development of international, roadheader experienced a relatively long process. The prototype of the roadheader can be traced back to the 19th century. In 1876, British John Dickinson Brunton and George Brunton apply for the first mechanization shield patent, this shield a composed of several pieces of plate by the rotation of the hemispherical knife dish, excavation of earth material fall into radial installed in the knife dish in the hopper, hopper will slag on feeding transship to belt conveyor, it can be turned to shield out from behind in, the idea later be used to build subway tunnel. But because technology and war's sake, roadheader in development has remained stagnant. Until 1959, supported by liquid by the idea Elmer tunnel C.G ardner successfully trial on a diameter for 335 m drainage tunnel. In 1960, proposed Schneidereit with bentonite suspension of mining the activities support. After this, the orenz application with pressurized H.L bentonite pulp to stabilize the patent tunnel. So far, the design of shield for modern manufacturing established. In 1963, Japan Sato Kogy0 company first developed soil pressure balance shield machine, in 1967, the first with a cutting wheel and realize hydraulic shield unearthed in Japan put into use, its diameter is 3.1 m. That same year, Germany with bentonite liquid support the shield tunnel work face by Wayss&Freytag develop and apply. So far, the two kinds of engineering practical shield machine were already appear, for modern shield construction machine and its development and application of methods to lay the foundation. Start from 1845 100 years, the world's inventors were looking for realizing method of rock tunnel heading machine. In 1952, founder of the American Robbins company -- James Robbins sir developed the first practical, the rock tunneler dig rock tunnel excavation, found a method of rock tunnels. Mechanized Since then the 40 years since, whether rock tunneler or shield tunnelling machine have been improved by leaps and bounds development. Use the tunneling of rock tunneler is already more than 10000km tunnel shield tunneling, the tunnel more. At present, in international roadheader technology has matured, has reached work high reliability, high precision, automatic horizontal directional high, adaptable, heading speed and long service life. The technical development has been especial around stratigraphic stability and land subsidence control, automation heading and improve speed and lining and tunnel excavation quality three factors of shield machine improvement and construction method of the revolution. Main technology are: 1) formation stability and land subsidence control technology; 2) structure design technology; 3) tool knife plate technology; 4) orientation and the attitude control technology; 5) lining technology; 6) waterproof and synchronization grouting technology. International currently roadheader technology has the following features: (1) high automation All of roadheader operations in guidance and the monitoring, make the tunneling process always at its best, toward the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic automation control integration, intelligent direction, using a similar robot technology, computer control, remote control, sensors, laser guidance, early geological exploration, communication technology etc have applies generally. Along with the rapid development of computer technology, automation degree of roadheader in more and more high, high construction data acquisition function, heading stance management features, construction data management function, equipment management function, construction data real-time remote transmission function. Can the automatic detection roadheader position and posture, and by using fuzzy theory, it can automatic automatically adjust the control, balanced pressure can be automatically realize segment of the assembly, etc. In some roadheader, has also used the GPS ground satellite directional system and super remote monitoring techniques.(2) exist large change and long life For rock tunneler is, its biggest diameter specification has reached 12m, high power, big thrust, big trip, big knives are the main character, its single platform use the longest life expectancy has amounted to about 50Km, average life expectancy 15km, average monthly footage has more than 1000m, disk cutter diameter of 19 ", can be used as the compressive strength of 450MPa layers, the knife dish already more than 3500kW, turn power maximizes trip has reached 245 m, 35MN maximizes force to achieve. Maximum diameter of shield tunnelling machine has reached 15,44 m specifications, and can adapt to soft different complex geologic conditions, life can reach the highest 7km tunneling, as well, to the footage. (3) various form From the rectangular cross-section shape, have followed, oval, MF shape (double circular lap, three round lap) etc. Various different circular cross-section shield. Double round, three circles of shield tunnelling machine in subway construction in Shanghai has been successfully applied; Tell from the function appeared sphere mother shield, shield, the hole diameter diameter changes of shield, shield, bifurcation shield, exchanging cutting tool (without shaft on shield, obstacles) shield etc special directly resection of shield; The shield machine from dig cut way see appeared shaken, the swinging the dig cut way of shield. Whole section rock tunneler appeared reaming, slope and the form such as roadheader followed. (4) high adaptability With modern roadheader technology development, the hard-rock roadheader shield technology with soft soil infiltration, and mutual confluence, make its geological adaptability greatly enhanced. At present, is moving will hard-rock and soft rock tunneler is incorporated in the adaptability stronger composite roadheader direction, this kind of roadheader in a high-pressure water and fault cases, according to the slurry pressurized can fully enclosed shield principle work, in anhydrous, can quickly converted to open wide type heading. In addition, also increases high-pressure water auxiliary broken rock, can raise around 50% of tunneling speed. Reduce costs by 25%, transmission power consumption reduce about 25%. Rock the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) range up to 3 ~ 385MPa (common area for 50 ~ 180MPa). Of course, also like other technology se technology, as well as the actual tunnel project with the new requirements and scientific and technological level of continuous development and development, also unceasingly have new problems to solve. As the construction of chengdu subway to geologic condition, at present, in other parts of the world are not met, this for the design of shield tunnelling machine, it is a new challenge; Be like again, all the west-line project of south-to-north water transfer project is at an altitude of tunnel engineering 4000m above, and a single hole line long length, the existing engineering in the world is never met. So, no matter for which a company, it must make new exploration and research. Now, the production of shield tunnelling machine for famous manufacturer has: Japan's mitsubishi heavy industries, kawasaki heavy, ishikawa island, Hitachi built dhi broadcast grinding machine and komatsu making, German Herrenknecht (Herrenknecht) company, Nashville Wirth) company, (subordinate to the (NFM) company, Canada's ROM watt (Lovat) company, French FCB company. Production rock tunneler is famous manufacturer has: American Robbins (Robbins) company, Germany's vale, herrenknecht ag, Canada's ROM watt company. The companies have basic admiral own roadheader series of products.