2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ) 主謂一致教案 新人教版.doc

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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ) 主謂一致教案 新人教版 高考試題常常會(huì)涉及到“主謂一致”。使用主謂一致時(shí)，必須遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。下面就常見的主謂一致的用法做簡(jiǎn)單歸納，希望同學(xué)們能從中得到啟發(fā)。 一、當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)合不定代詞、單個(gè)不定式（疑問詞＋不定式）、動(dòng)名詞或主語(yǔ)從句以及表示“時(shí)間、價(jià)值、重量、距離、書名、影片名稱”等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如： The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Visiting a place like this is always very interesting. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists. 二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）＋of＋名詞作主語(yǔ)以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)；表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)。例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television or using puters. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. 三、在“名詞/代詞＋介賓結(jié)構(gòu)＋謂語(yǔ)＋…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作插入成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如： Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to bee fit. Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there. 四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry. 五、quality / pair / amount等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quality / pair / amount的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。例如： With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land. 六、and連接并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；表示不同概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；此外，and連接并列名詞時(shí)，如果名詞前有no / each / every / many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如： —Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was invited. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where hasn’t been decided yet. 七、當(dāng)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)以及表示總稱意義“形單意復(fù)”的名詞（如cattle / police / people等）和常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞（clothes / goods / shoes等）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 八、one of＋名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the (only) one of ＋名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years. ［比較］ Our English teacher was one of the top teachers who were praised by the headmaster. 九、主謂一致的其它考點(diǎn)： 1. either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but also…；not…but…等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要就近選擇。如：Either you or Jim goes there. 2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動(dòng)詞后面有幾個(gè)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞跟最近的名詞保持一致。如：There is one table and two desks in the room. 3. 某些單詞所表示的概念是由兩部分組成的，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果與量詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)則取決于量詞。如：The trousers are too long. That pair of trousers is too long. 4. 表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果表示孤立的山則用單數(shù)。如：Mount Tai is great. 5. 定冠詞與形容詞連用，用來表示一類人或物，作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The young are planting trees. 6. population構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但被百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)等數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The population of our town is bigger than that of their town, but most of the population in our town are farmers. 7. one and a half＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；one or two＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；many a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞及more than one＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。而more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋than＋one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Nowadays many a person wants to go abroad. One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy. 8. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示成員概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的集合名詞有family / government / public / audience等。如： My family is a big family. My family are fond of pop music. 9. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來確定。常見的這類詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / series等。如： The quickest means of traveling is by air. There are various means of municating with a stranger.