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1、滾動題組23　閱讀理解+閱讀表達+書面表達 (時間:60分鐘　總分:80分　分數(shù):　　　)? 　滾動題組第28頁　? Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·天津卷) How does an ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) work?What makes the populations of different species the way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food web

2、s,noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食動物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(獵物),the two s

3、pecies are strongly linked;when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(滅絕) of one of them.And if a predator

4、 can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small chang

5、es of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human acti

6、vities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an ear

7、ly-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientists say,because once ecosystems pass their tip

8、ping point(臨界點),it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了科學家們利用建立的食物網(wǎng)數(shù)學模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)運行的基本原則以及人類活動對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。 1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs? A.The living habits of species in food webs. B.The rules governing food webs of t

9、he ecosystems. C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 答案:B 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的“...scientistshavefoundout...infoodwebs.”得知科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)運行的關鍵法則,即B項。 2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator 　　　.?

10、 A.has a wide food choice B.can easily find new prey C.sticks to one prey species D.can quickly move to another place 答案:C 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句中的“Whenapredator...arestronglylinked...”得出結論,只吃一種獵物是“stronglink”。 3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?

11、A.The prey species they directly attack will die out. B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators. C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Mathematicalmod

12、els...entireecosystems.”可知“食物鏈頂端掠食動物的變化可能會給整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來大的影響”。故選D項。 4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4? A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.

13、 D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable. 答案:A 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句話可知“人類的這些行為極大地影響了生態(tài)的平衡”。故選A項。 5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance? A.By getting illegal practices under control. B.By stopping us from killing large predators. C.By brin

14、ging the broken-down ecosystems back to normal. D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句可知這個系統(tǒng)會告訴我們何時對把生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向癱瘓的人類活動作出調整以及最后一句話中的“Preventioniskey”可知D項正確。 B There is a very special wolf that lives in Africa.They are actually called,the African wild d

15、ogs,or painted dogs. These animals live in open woodlands,or in the plains of Africa.Today,however,most of the animals can be found in eastern or southern Africa.These animals are beautiful.They have rounded ears instead of pointed like most dogs,and they have four toes on each of their four feet,a

16、lso a unique characteristic because other dogs have five.Their fur is always different from each other.The fur is usually a combination of black,brown,red and white,and sometimes even yellow.No wonder they’re called the painted dogs. The African wild dog is a very social animal.They live in groups

17、and have numbers from five to about twenty.The members of a group are always very close to one another.They communicate in their own language or body language.When someone is very old or sick,the others will help,and they are willing to share the food with the elders and with those who are weak,whic

18、h is what we should learn from. The family does everything together,from raising young,to sleeping together,to hunting.When they hunt,they will work together using team work to kill animals that are larger than them. They sometimes hunt farm animals.This is unfortunate,because both poachers,and pe

19、ople who own farms shoot the painted dogs who are just trying to survive. Before,there used to be many large groups throughout the land,but now the African wild dog is very rare.They are also losing their population because of their own loss of habitat thanks to human’s farming and forest cutting.

20、 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了非洲野狗的相關信息及其生存現(xiàn)狀。 6.From the passage we learn that the African wild dog 　　　.? A.lives in the north of Africa B.has sixteen toes altogether C.has pointed ears like most dogs D.lives in forests in groups 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句內容可知,非洲野狗出沒在開闊的林地或平原,故D項錯誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句可以推斷出A項錯誤;根據(jù)第二

21、段的“Theyhaveroundedearsinsteadofpointedlikemostdogs...”可知,C項錯誤;由第二段第四句可知,B項正確。 7.Why do African wild dogs get the name “painted dogs”? A.They all have colorful fur. B.The dogs in the same group are of different colors. C.Artists love to paint them in different colors. D.None of them has the same

22、 color. 答案:A 解析:細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后兩句可知,非洲野狗之所以被稱為“彩色狗”是因為它們的皮毛是彩色的,故A項正確。 8.According to the author,what should we learn from African wild dogs? A.They always do everything together. B.They help the sick,the elderly and the weak. C.They are always very close to one another. D.They communicate in th

23、eir own language. 答案:B 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知,當有非洲野狗年老或生病的時候,其他的非洲野狗就會幫助它們,并且愿意與其分享食物,這一點是我們人類應該學習的。故選B項。 9.Which of the following is NOT the reason why African wild dogs are becoming very rare? A.Poachers kill some of them. B.They are short of food sometimes. C.They are losing their habitat. D

24、.Farmers shoot some of them. 答案:B 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內容可知A、D兩項是原因。根據(jù)最后一段“...becauseoftheirownlossofhabitat...”可知C項也是原因,只有B項文章沒有提及,故選B項。 10.Where could this passage probably be found? A.TheTravelers. B.FashionWeekly. C.AnimalWorld. D.StarMagazine. 答案:C 解析:文章出處題。本文介紹了非洲野狗這種動物,最有可能是在動物世界里出現(xiàn),故選C項。

25、C A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well,just playing...right?Perhaps,but some developmental

26、psychologists(心理學家) have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think. Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it falls to the ground—and,in the process,it brings out important evidence abou

27、t how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air,but require support to remain stable.It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;nor are they ever clearly taught it.Instead,babies may form an understanding of object support through repeat

28、ed experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact.Though their ranges and tools differ,the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world),overall approach(gathering direct evidence from th

29、e world),and logic(are my observations what I expected?). Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means.For example,it may only be through repeated experim

30、ents,evidence gathering,and finally overturning a theory,that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has,for example,unlike the child,Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate. Viewing childhood development as a scientific inv

31、estigation throws light on how children learn,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike?Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore,explain,and understand our world—is simply something

32、 that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(進化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(認知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring s

33、omething out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it,“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.” 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文?？茖W家在實驗室做實驗和嬰幼兒擺弄自己的飯碗有共同之處嗎?也許你想象不到,但是發(fā)展心理學家指出這兩種行為同樣都是科學調研。文章通過實例論述了孩子通過玩耍認識到物體的相互作用,認識到人類心理以及語言使用規(guī)則。最后,心理學家揭示了科學

34、調研內在的根本原因和驅動力就是人類從嬰兒階段就具有的“好奇心”。 11.According to some developmental psychologists,　　　.? A.a baby’s play is nothing more than a game B.scientific research into babies’ games is possible C.the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated D.a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientis

35、t’s experiment 答案:D 解析:細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段最后一句中“...somedevelopmentalpsychologistshavearguedthatthis‘play’ismorelikeascientificinvestigation...”可知科學實驗和孩子的玩耍這兩種行為均包含一種共性。D項中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike為同義替換。 12.We learn from Paragraph 2 that 　　　.? A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world diff

36、erently B.scientists and babies often interact with each other C.babies are born with the knowledge of object support D.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do 答案:D 解析:細節(jié)理解題。在第二段中,作者通過實例論證了嬰兒的玩耍和科學家們的實驗兩者間存在的共性,即目的、方法和邏輯相同。注意該段落最后一句話括號中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld,D項中的c

37、ollect和gathering屬于同義替換。故選D項。 13.Children may learn the rules of language by 　　　.? A.exploring the physical world B.investigating human psychology C.repeating their own experiments D.observing their parents’ behaviors 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。推理判斷的起點是第三段第一句中“usingsimilarmeans”這一說明。既然調查人類心理和語言規(guī)則的方法同上,則應該從

38、上文的第二段中找到對應的方法,即第二段倒數(shù)第二句中“throughrepeatedexperiments”,因此選擇C項。 14.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A.The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play. B.Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science. C.Children may have greater ability to figure ou

39、t things than scientists. D.One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows. 答案:B 解析:主旨大意題。段落的首句為該段的主旨句。該句句意:把兒童的發(fā)展看作是一個科學研究的過程,這闡明了孩子學習的方法;同時也對怎樣看待科學和科學家具有啟示性意義。因此研究嬰兒的玩耍的科學性可以更好地理解科學本身的發(fā)展,故B項正確。 15.What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientist

40、s’ research and babies’ play? A.Convincing. B.Confused. C.Confident. D.Cautious. 答案:D 解析:推理判斷題。該題要求判斷作者的語氣(tone),須從作者的用詞來做出判斷,特別是副詞、形容詞、情態(tài)動詞等的使用。第一段中“Perhaps”,第二段中“Itislikelythat...,may,appear”,第三段中的“may”,以及第四段中“Perhaps,may”等這些詞都說明了作者在下結論或做出判斷時所持有的謹慎(cautious)態(tài)度。 D (2017·天津紅橋區(qū)二模) Long ago,poe

41、ms were recited out loud instead of being written down.Back when the Greeks first started the Olympics,they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions. Now,poetry competitions have been revived.This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitati

42、on contest,performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes. The first competitions were held in classrooms.The winners went on to schoolwide contests,and then they competed in city and state competitions,and then the 50 state champions,along with the District of Columbia champion,came to Washin

43、gton,D.C.,last week for the last showdown(對決).After the 51 champions competed against one another,12 went on to the finals.Then the field was narrowed to five.The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem.The overall champ,Jackson Hille,a high school senior from Ohio,won a $20,000 scholarsh

44、ip. The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on the page. It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.It’s the tone of voice,the pauses,the g

45、estures,and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life.“Each time we hear somebody recite a poem,we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it,”says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon,master of ceremonies for the finals.Hearing it in a new voice

46、offers something new to the listener. Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience,memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way.Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn public-speaking skills

47、that can help them for life. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了很久以前詩歌是大聲朗誦出來的,而不是寫下來的,而現(xiàn)在詩歌朗誦比賽已經(jīng)復活,重新受到青睞。 16.From the first paragraph,we can know 　　　.? A.the Greeks were the first to write poems B.the Olympics used to start with poem reciting C.poems were spread orally in the past D.athletes were asked to

48、 recite poems before competing 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。由第一段內容可知,在很久以前詩歌是大聲朗誦出來的,而不是寫下來的。故選C項。 17.How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington,D.C.? A.Three.　　　 B.Four. C.Five. D.Six. 答案:B 解析:細節(jié)理解題。由第三段內容可知,在前往華盛頓參加決賽前,選手要進行competitionsheldinclassrooms,schoolwide

49、contests,citycompetitions,statecompetitions這四輪比賽,才最終可以參加在華盛頓舉行的決賽。故選B項。 18.According to the passage,hearing a poem recited in a new voice can 　　　.? A.bring a new life to listeners B.help listeners find their interest C.make listeners learn the words D.offer something new to listeners 答案:D 解析:

50、細節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段,尤其是最后一句“Hearingitinanewvoiceofferssomethingnewtothelistener.”可知,聽到一首詩歌用一種新的聲音朗誦出來會給聽眾帶來新的感受。 19.One benefit the participants get from a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that they can 　　　.? A.become confident while speaking in public B.write good poems themselves C.change the

51、ir attitudes towards life D.make friends with many great poets 答案:A 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“AnotherbenefitofacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublic-speakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.”可知,A項正確。 20.What’s the best title for the passage? A.Reciting poems improves your memor

52、y B.Remembering a lot of poems is fun C.Poets have a great time D.Poetry rocks the microphone 答案:D 解析:主旨大意題。該文主要介紹了詩歌朗誦在美國的復興,D項突出了主題,故選D項。 Ⅱ.閱讀表達 (2017·天津南開中學5月模擬) Reading with Rover is a reading program where children read to dogs.In addition to Reading with Rover,which is based on Washing

53、ton state,there are many such reading programs around the country.The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with reading problems by having children read to dogs. When reading aloud in the classroom,many children with reading problems and poor reading skills feel f

54、rightened.They have little confidence in themselves and are afraid of being laughed at.They may also feel that reading is difficult,boring and stressful.However,when children read to dogs,reading becomes a fun and non-stressful experience for both the children and the dogs.Dogs don’t criticize,judge

55、 or laugh at the children’s reading ability. Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success,resulting in improved reading skills for a significant number of participating children with reading problems.In addition to making learning enjoyable,when children read to dogs,it in

56、creases their sense of worth and self-confidence. As part of the Reading with Rover program,the children read to dogs that are registered therapy dogs.These are dogs that have been trained and tested.Along with their owners,these dogs have become registered therapy teams. A recent research study w

57、as conducted by the University of California,which concluded that when children read to dogs,it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent. Children who took part in this study remarked,“I feel relaxed when I am reading to a dog because I am having fun.”“The dogs don’t care if you read rea

58、lly badly so you just keep going.” When children read to dogs and improve their reading skills,it becomes just another example of how wonderful dogs are and how important they are to our society. 1.What’s the aim of Reading with Rover?(no more than 10 words) ? 答案:To improve the reading skills of

59、 children with reading problems. 2.Why does reading become a fun and non-stressful experience when children read to dogs?(no more than 12 words) ? 答案:Because dogs never criticize,judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability. 3.What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?(no more than 12 words) ? 答案:Th

60、e great effects/advantages/benefits of Reading with Rover and other programs like it. 4.What does the underlined word “conducted” mean in the fifth paragraph?(no more than 2 words) ? 答案:Carried out/Performed/Done. 5.What do you think of Reading with Rover and other programs like it?(no more than

61、 25 words) ? 答案:I think they are meaningful,as they make a difference in their life by improving the reading skills of children with reading problems. Or:I think they touch me a lot,because they are just another example of how wonderful and important dogs are to our society. Ⅲ.書面表達 (2019·北京卷)

62、假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你們班上周組織了一次以“勞動最光榮”為主題的社會實踐活動。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序,寫一篇英文周記,記述整個過程。 注意:詞數(shù)不少于60。 提示詞:西瓜watermelon ? ? ? ? 參考范文 Last week,a social activity,whose subject is“Labour is the most glorious”,was organized by our school to develop the students’ love for labour.First,our teacher told us the i

63、mportance of labour and the meaning of the social activity.After packing my suitcase,I as well as my classmates set off for our destination—a farm in the morning.The moment we arrived there,we started to help the farmers harvest watermelons,for which the farmers praised us.We arrived home in the afternoon,tired but pleased.While having dinner,I told my parents what we had done on the farm.They were also delighted and satisfied with the social activity.