2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 提分單元加餐練 第八輯 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版選修8.doc

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2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 提分單元加餐練 第八輯 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版選修8 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War Ⅰ we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal (清澈的) clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious (意識(shí)清醒的) mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and several books, in which some might be honored with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self－discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made a naturalist. If you can bine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)回憶自己的童年經(jīng)歷認(rèn)為博物學(xué)家是天生的，不是后天造就的。作者在文章最后總結(jié)，僅擁有一顆好奇心、一雙敏銳的眼睛以及對(duì)世間動(dòng)植物的熱愛(ài)并不能成就一位科學(xué)家，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)科學(xué)家最突出、最基本的特點(diǎn)是應(yīng)具備自我約束能力。 1．The first paragraph tells us that the author ________ . A．lost his hearing when he was a child B．didnt like his brothers and sisters C．was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood D．was born to a naturalists family 答案：C 推理判斷題。第一段第一句中的“... convinced that naturalists are born and not made”表明作者認(rèn)為博物學(xué)家是天生的，不是后天造就的。由關(guān)鍵信息“my brothers and sisters soon abandoned ... flowers and insects”可知，他的姐妹兄弟對(duì)于花、蟲(chóng)等不感興趣，但作者不像他們(Unlike them)，由此推知作者在童年時(shí)對(duì)花草是感興趣的。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be ________ . A．full of ambition B．self－disciplined C．full of enthusiasm D．knowledgeable 答案：C 推理判斷題。從第三段第一、二句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)博物學(xué)家首先應(yīng)具備的是對(duì)自然界的熱愛(ài)之情，故選C項(xiàng)。 3．The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he________ . A．just reads about other peoples observations and discoveries B．lacks some of the qualities required of scientists C．has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic D．es up with solutions in most natural ways 答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句，并結(jié)合第二句 “One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self－discipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己不是科學(xué)家，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)科學(xué)家的基本素質(zhì)就是有自律能力，但作者恰恰缺乏這一點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．The author couldnt remember his relatives clearly because________ . A．he didnt live very long with them B．he was too young when he lived with them C．the family was extremely large D．he was fully occupied with observing nature 答案：D 推理判斷題。第二段作者回憶了在農(nóng)場(chǎng)度過(guò)的日子，對(duì)于那里的狗、鳥(niǎo)等動(dòng)物作者至今仍歷歷在目，但對(duì)那里的親戚、房子、玩具已記不清了，可見(jiàn)他從小就專注于觀察自然界中的一切，其他事情他幾乎很少關(guān)注。故選D項(xiàng)。 B Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems. Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into a rage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine. Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre. To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (無(wú)意識(shí)的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”． 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一直困擾著發(fā)明家伊萊亞斯豪的一個(gè)關(guān)于縫紉機(jī)的問(wèn)題在夢(mèng)中找到了答案。許多科學(xué)家像愛(ài)迪生、愛(ài)因斯坦等都有過(guò)在夢(mèng)中找到問(wèn)題答案的經(jīng)歷，文章以縫紉機(jī)的誕生為例說(shuō)明了夢(mèng)的價(jià)值。 5．The problem Howe was trying to solve was ________ . A．what kind of thread to use B．how to design a needle which would not break C．where to put the needle D．how to stop the thread from getting caught around the needle 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle”及第二段中的“Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.”可知，豪面臨的問(wèn)題是如何避免線纏繞到針上，所以答案是D。 6．Thomas Edison is spoken of because ________ . A．he also tried to invent a sewing machine B．he got some of his ideas from dreams C．he was one of Howes best friends D．he also had difficulty in falling asleep 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams.”可知，豪并不是唯一一個(gè)通過(guò)此方法找到答案的人，愛(ài)迪生也是在夢(mèng)中得到問(wèn)題的答案的，所以答案是B。 7．Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us” because ________ . A．strange images are used to municate ideas B．images which have no meaning are used C．we can never understand the real meaning D．only specially trained people can understand them 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.”可知，大腦的一部分在無(wú)意識(shí)下工作，發(fā)信息到其他部分，這部分大腦使用的是一種奇怪的圖像，所以答案是A。 Ⅱ.七選五 You have some great ideas. But they dont e out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses (天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldnt be one of them. __1__ Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. __2__ On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking? You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the worlds biggest and fastest puter.__3__ Read, watch and listen to everything around you—good and bad. The more you know, the more youll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised. Try something new every day. __4__You need to step out of your fort zone (舒適地帶) more and more each day. Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your “l(fā)imits” from today. __5__Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world. A．But actually, this is not true at all. B．Your constructive ideas should be accepted by others. C．So its important to get as much information as you can every day. D．Youll soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures. E．A good social environment can influence your creative thinking positively. F．Let your experiences show you more about the world and people around you. G．If you dont learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will bee poor and useless. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者就如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性思維給出了有效的建議。 1．A 空格前面提到人們因?yàn)榕笥颜f(shuō)的話或者他們自己覺(jué)得只有少數(shù)人才能成為具有創(chuàng)造力的天才而使自己的想法沒(méi)有為大家所知。下文主要闡述了一些可以提高創(chuàng)造性思維的方法，因此，空處應(yīng)該選一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，故A項(xiàng)“但是實(shí)際上，這種想法一點(diǎn)兒都不對(duì)”符合語(yǔ)境。 2．G 設(shè)空處前一句將創(chuàng)造力比喻成需要被鍛煉的肌肉，G項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)ike a muscle”與前文相呼應(yīng)和承接，另結(jié)合句意，可確定G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 3．C　設(shè)空后內(nèi)容表述你知道的越多，你想知道的就會(huì)越多，你的大腦就越會(huì)得到鍛煉。故C項(xiàng)“因此，每天得到盡可能多的信息是很重要的”符合語(yǔ)境。 4．F 設(shè)空處前一句提到每天要嘗試新事物，而F項(xiàng)“讓你的經(jīng)歷向你展示有關(guān)你周圍的世界和人的更多(信息)”正是這樣做的結(jié)果。 5．D 由空前的“begin thinking beyond your ‘limits’ from today”和后文的“your idea might be the next great idea to change the world”可知，D項(xiàng)“你將很快擁有一個(gè)充滿有趣的和令人興奮的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷的生活”符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 The adobe dwellings (土坯房) __1__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __2__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __3__(able) to “air condition” a house without __4__(use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __5__(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __6__ (cool) the house during the hot day; __7__the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __8__ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As __9__(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __10__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________ 　6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，重點(diǎn)介紹了美國(guó)Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房獨(dú)特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點(diǎn)。 1．built 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句主語(yǔ)是The adobe dwellings，謂語(yǔ)是are admired，因此設(shè)空處需要填所給動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，即用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。 2．the 考查冠詞的用法。形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞the。 3．a(chǎn)bility 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語(yǔ)，且前有their修飾，故填名詞ability。 4．using 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞without之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 5．slowly 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞。 6．to cool 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這是adj./adv.＋enough to do句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 7．a(chǎn)t 考查介詞。at the same time “與此同時(shí)”，是固定搭配。 8．goes 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合“day after day”及語(yǔ)境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。主語(yǔ)為This cycle，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 9．natural 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。 10．how 考查疑問(wèn)副詞。根據(jù)“figured out (弄清楚，計(jì)算出), thick (厚)”可知，應(yīng)填表示(數(shù)量、程度、大小等)多少的疑問(wèn)副詞how，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在本句中表示“墻壁有多厚”。 Ⅳ.書(shū)面表達(dá) 學(xué)校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生活中某件物品(如鋼筆、書(shū)包、鞋子……)設(shè)計(jì)添加新功能來(lái)參賽。請(qǐng)以“My Magic________”為題寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文，介紹你的創(chuàng)意。 內(nèi)容：1.說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)理由； 2．介紹新功能。 注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于120； 2．不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文] My Magic Water Bottle My magic water bottle will be a replacement of the traditional one which can change the temperature of the inside water automatically according to the changes of the outer environment. There are certain factors I take into account in my new invention. For one thing, traditional water bottle makes it inconvenient for travelers to have a fortable drink anytime and anywhere. For another, drinking too cold or too hot water does nothing but harm to our health, so my magic water bottle can serve as an assistant or a doctor. The new functions will win my magic water bottle enormous love and popularity. On the one hand, the automatic temperature－controlling system mentioned above can adjust the water temperature. On the other hand, we can set a desirable temperature for the inside water, and what surprises us most is that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.