湖南省茶陵縣高中英語 Unit 1 The world of our senses Grammar and usage課件 牛津譯林版必修3

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1、 Unit 1 The world of our senses 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫 _(Noun Clauses）。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任_等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名 詞 從 句 名詞從句 主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞His job is important.What he does is important.主語 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表語 I dont like his j

2、ob.I dont like what he does every day.賓語I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同位語 1. We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence. That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known. Why th

3、ey have not left yet is not clear so far. We can use it as a preparatory subject. It was good news that everyone got back safely.2. We can use a noun clause as the object of a verb/preposition. I wonder if/whether thats a good idea. Im interested in who that tall man is. We can use it as a preparato

4、ry subject.We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running. 3. We can use a noun clause as the predicative of be. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. My question is whether Polly can find her way

5、home. 4. We can use a noun clause in apposition to a noun. She had a feeling that she was being watched. The news that he couldnt come made us upset. 5. We use that, if/whether or a question word to begin a noun clause. No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident. She couldnt ima

6、gine how the blind man had found her. Read the article on Page 9 and describe the main idea in your own words. While reading, underline all the noun clauses you can find in this article. Paragraph 1 The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain hasParagraph 2 Since it is believed that stron

7、g smells can affect the senses, Paragraph 3 Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain. They are also curious about whether it is the same for both sexes. Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. Paragraph 4 He says that scientists have a

8、lready collected data from 40 volunteers.He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results. Paragraph 5 One explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men, and is linked to recognizing the smell

9、of babies.Scientists used to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only. Now, they have become convinced that the sense of smell also helps.However, why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists. 名詞性從句考點歸納一、名詞性從句的語序(1)名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種a. That + 陳述句e.g. That

10、he is still alive is a wonder. 他還活著，真是奇跡。b. 疑問詞+句子的剩余成分e.g. This is what we are looking for. 這就是我們所尋找的。 (2) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用 陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句 語序。他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How he was successful is still a puzzle. How was he successful is still a puzzle. FT 你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? Could you te

11、ll me where does he live? T F 二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1) that 和what 的選用that 和 what 都可引導(dǎo)所有的_。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中_，可作從句的主語、賓語或表語。而that在名詞性從句中_，只起_作用。名詞從句充當(dāng)成分不充當(dāng)任何成分連接 1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told

12、us true?WhatThat thatwhatwhat 6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. whatthatwhat (2) if 和whether 的選用 whether和 if 都可以使用的情況： 1) 引導(dǎo)動詞的賓語從句時；2) 在be + adj.之后時；3) 在主語從句中，it 用作形式主語時。 只能用whether的情況：在非正式文體中，if . or n

13、ot 也是正確的。但與or not直接連用時，只能用whether(即whether or not)，而不能用if (即if or not)；引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時； 引導(dǎo)主語從句，且位于句首時；引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時；后面直接跟動詞不定式時；if引起歧義時。 1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. if / whetherWhether 3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I

14、dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well. whetherwhether/ifwhether 6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.whetherwhetherwhether 其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇who/ which/ when/

15、where/ why/how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有_，又起_，同時在從句中充當(dāng)_。疑問含義連接作用各種成分 我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.When who 我不知道他長的什么樣子。 I have no idea _ he looks like.這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.whatwhere 引導(dǎo)詞 that 的省略1. that引導(dǎo)主

16、語從句，并且主語從句_，由it 作形式主語時，that _；2. that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可以省略；但如果有兩個that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，則第二個賓語從句中的that _；后置不可省略不可省略 3. 介詞后的賓語從句中的that_;4. 如果that 連接的賓語從句中緊接著一 個由其他連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，that _省略；5. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that 在句中 _成分，且_省略。不可省略不能不充當(dāng)不可 下列名詞性從句中的that是否可以省略。1. It was reported that the football team was warmly received by the Queen

17、.2. I dont believe that he has ever read any of Shakespeares works or that he has ever heard of him. 3. His composition is very good except that there are some spelling mistakes.4. The cause of the accident lies in that the driver was careless.5. He said that, if I did not have time, I might choose

18、not to go.6. The news that our team has won the match is true. 只有第2題第一個that可以省略，其他名詞性從句中，that不可以省略。 Complete the sentences.1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us.(that)thatthattha

19、t 5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone. that(that)that 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)1.如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從 句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任何一種時態(tài)。a. 他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的。 He believes _ _ . his dream will come true some day b. 請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么。 Please te

20、ll me _ _. what you were doing at this time yesterday2. 如果主句謂語是過去時，從句謂語動 詞用一般用過去的某種時態(tài)，但從句 表達(dá)的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī)律 等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。He told me _ .他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。He told me _.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。The teacher tell us _. he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his hometown for ten years

21、 light travels in a straight line. Read the article about our senses on page 11 and circle the right words.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _if that thatthat whether that Complete the story on page 11 using that, whether or if.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _that that thatif/whether t

22、hat if/whetherthat that 1. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is think that D. is thought that4. It _ he is late for

23、 class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what 5. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what6. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 1. Do C1 and C2 on Page 92 of the Workbook.2. Preview the next part.