2019-2020年高考英語二輪語法總復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞和副詞.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪語法總復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞和副詞 形容詞用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子，有時也能修飾名詞，表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。 高考重點(diǎn)要求： 1、形容詞、副詞比較級，最高級常用句型 2、形容詞的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法和副詞的位置 3、多個形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序 4、分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達(dá)中的語義差別 一、形容詞 （一） 形容詞在句子中的作用 1．大部分形容詞能作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語, 如： a beautiful park 一座美麗的公園 The play Tea-house（茶館）is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open? 2．“定冠詞the + 形容詞”表示一類人或物，作“主語或賓語”，意思為“……的一種人”，“……的一類東西或事情”。如： The new will take the place of the old . （新事物將代替舊事物。） The young are fond of sports .(年輕人喜歡體育運(yùn)動。) 3．有些形容詞只能作表語 如： ill, glad, asleep, afraid, alive (活著的)，alone(單獨(dú)的) ４．某些動詞加-ed 和 –ing都可構(gòu)成形容詞，加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則用來描寫事物， 如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news. ５．有些名詞加后綴可變成形容詞， 如：lovely, friendly, windy, careful, careless, wooden等 （二） 形容詞在句子中的位置 1．形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個或兩個以上形容詞修飾一個名詞時，形容詞排列的次序一般應(yīng)考慮下面二種情況。 （1）與被修飾名詞關(guān)系比較密切的形容詞位置靠近名詞， 如：an exciting American film （2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容位置在后。 2．在下列情況下，形容詞應(yīng)后置： （1）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞 something, anything, nothing等，如：anything important, nothing easy （2）同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old 3．幾個形容詞修飾一名詞時，一般順序?yàn)榇笮。╨ittle除外）、形狀、色彩、由來、用途。如： a fine round maple（楓木）writing table, a famous old English country house 二、副詞 （一） 副詞在句子中的作用 副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly 構(gòu)成，如：careful-carefully. 副詞主要被分為以下幾種： 1．時間副詞，如：often，early，usually，now 2．地點(diǎn)副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there 3．方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well 4．程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost 5．疑問副詞，如：how，when，why （二） 副詞在句子中的位置 1． 時間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞的位置 表示確定時間的副詞和地點(diǎn)的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時有地點(diǎn)副詞和時間副詞，地點(diǎn)副詞通常在前，時間副詞在后。 2． 修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語。 如： be well enough, go fast enough 3． 修飾動詞的方式副詞有以下幾種 （1） 修飾不及物動詞時，該副詞要后置，如：sing well （2） 修飾及物動詞時，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語之后；如賓語較長也可放在動詞和賓語之間。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard （3） 及物動詞和副詞（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）組成的動詞詞組，其賓語是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。 He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down. ４. 形容詞原級、比較級和最高級的用法： （１） 兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級+as”句型。 He is as tall as his monitor . （２） 兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容詞原級+as”句型。 A train doesn’t travel so fast as a plane . （３） 三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物“最……”時，用“the+形容詞最高級+比較范圍”句型。 Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents . She writes (the) most carefully of the three . （４） 比較級+and+比較級“越來越……” It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. She is being more and more active in taking part in social activities. （５） the +比較級，the +比較級“越……越……” The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make . 第二節(jié) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 一、復(fù)習(xí)時需注意的要點(diǎn) 1. 形容詞一般按限定詞，一般性描繪、大小、長短和高低、形狀、年齡和新舊、顏色、國籍、地區(qū)和出處、物質(zhì)和材料、用途和類別這一順序來修飾名詞的。 2. 在名詞前出現(xiàn)幾個形容詞作定語時，常常涉及詞的排列順序問題。例如：a fat old lady不能說成an old fat lady，a small black leather handbag不能說成a leather black small handbag等。 3. 形容詞的詞序問題比較復(fù)雜，前置形容詞的排列順序由它們和被修飾名詞之間的關(guān)系決定，關(guān)系密切的靠近被修飾詞，關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的離之稍遠(yuǎn)。 4. 在as+形容詞／副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)前可加上nearly , almost , just , quietly , half , exactly , 及倍數(shù)表示比較的程度。 例如：My ine is half as high as my father . 5. 最高級前可用nearly , almost , about , next , by far , by no means 或序數(shù)詞進(jìn)行修飾。 例如：Of the three boys , Mike is by no means the most diligent. 6. 比較級的其他用法 1）比較級 + and + 比較級 “越來越……”。例如： It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. 2）the more…the more… “越……，越……”。例如： The more fruit you eat, the healthier you will be. 3）no more than “只不過，僅僅”，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，起形容詞作用。 例如： What he is saying is no more than a joke. 他所講的只不過是個玩笑而已。 4）no more…than… “和……同樣不……”。例如： He can no more play the piano than I can play basketball. 他不會彈鋼琴和我同樣不 會打籃球一樣 5）no less than “多達(dá)，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如： There were no less than two thousand people at the match. 這場比賽不下于兩千人到場觀看。 6）no less…than “和……一樣，不遜于”。例如： Our monitor is no less diligent than he used to be. 我們的班長和以前一樣勤奮。 二、歷屆高考試題分析 例1、At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 答案為D。 【解析】 檢查考生對反意疑問句（附加疑問句）的掌握和運(yùn)用能力。A是B的三倍通?？墒褂靡韵聨追N形式： 1) A is three times as adj.（原級） as B 2) A is twice adj.（比較級）than B 3) The n. of A is three times that of B 4) A is three times the +n. of B。 例2、Many students signed up for the_________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A.800 metre long B.800 metres long C.800 metre length D.800 metres length 答案為A。 【解析】 長、寬、高及年齡等作定語修飾名詞時位置可在前也可在后，在前邊時要注意加連字符“-”，其中單位名詞用單數(shù)，其形式為：數(shù)字—單位名稱單數(shù)—長、寬、高等。如放在后邊，不用連字符，數(shù)詞大于1要用復(fù)數(shù)。從題干看：800米遠(yuǎn)的比賽應(yīng)為800 meter long。 例3、At times, worrying is a normal ____ response to a difficult event or situation----a loved one being injured in an accident, for example. A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable 答案：C 【解析】 effective有效的；individual個人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。 例4、Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move ________? A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far 答案為B。 【解析】 too near的意思是“太近了”，說話人的意圖是讓對方站在比這遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，所以要用副詞的比較級。這句話的意思是：你站得太靠近鏡頭了。你能離遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)嗎?a bit of后接名詞。 例5、In recent years travel panies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be 答案為C。 【解析】 “the more…the more…”的意思是“越……越……”。由于選項(xiàng)A、B和D的詞序都不對，所以不能作為答案。這句話的意思是：近年來，旅游公司成功地向我們推銷了這樣一個觀點(diǎn)：我們走得越遠(yuǎn)，我們的假期過得越好。 例6、It is generally believed that teaching is_________ it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 答案為D。 【解析】 在as/so…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個as/so是副詞，后接形容詞；第二個as是連接詞，后接句子。其正確語序?yàn)閍s much an art as. 這句話的意思是：人們普遍相信，教學(xué)像科學(xué)一樣是一門藝術(shù)。 例7、Americans eat _______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many 答案為D。 【解析】 不論哪種形式的比較級其修飾詞均應(yīng)放在前面。more than twice表示數(shù)量，放在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前的意思是“是……的兩倍多”。譯文：美國人現(xiàn)在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的兩倍多。 例8、—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be ________ careful in the street. A. much B. very C. so D. too 答案為D。 【解析】 否定詞not/no/ never + too/enough結(jié)構(gòu)表示“再怎么……也不過分”或“越……越好”。這句話的意思是：在街上(騎自行車)你越小心越好。 例9、Broadly speaking , I would agree with Shirley , though not ________ A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively 答案為C 【解析】 本題考察副詞辨義，widely :廣泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly徹底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、廣闊地、巨大地。根據(jù)句意，說話人并非完全同意她的意見，not entirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表達(dá)了這一意思。 例10、—You dont look very ________. Are you ill? —No, Im just a bit tired. A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy 答案為B。 【解析】 從題意看，look在這里是系詞(看上去，看起來)后應(yīng)加形容詞，四個選項(xiàng)的詞性均符合，但good是指人品好壞或東西好壞；strong則表示結(jié)實(shí)、強(qiáng)壯，與題意不符。healthy“健康的，健壯的”。well可作形容詞和副詞。作形容詞時表示“健康的；氣色好”，用于修飾人。 第三節(jié) 鞏固練習(xí) Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that pletes the sentence. 1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _____ money and______ people. A. less… less B. fewer...fewer C. less...fewer D. fewer...less 2. —Can I help you? —Well, I’m afraid the box is ______ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. A. so B. much C. very D. too 3. —Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown’s office? —I’m sorry, but Mr. Brown ______ works here. He left about three weeks ago. A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer 4. The piano in the other shop will be ______, but ______. A. cheaper...not as better B. more cheap...not as better C. cheaper...not as good D. more cheap...not as good 5. ______ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner 6. Mrs. smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 7. —How did you think of visit to the museum? —I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _____ than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting 8. Those oranges taste _____. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 9. Canada is larger than ______ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another 10. The experiment was ______ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 11. Which is ______ country, Canada or Australia? A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 12. —Will you give this message to Mr White, please? —Sorry, I can’t. He ______. A. doesn’t any more work here B. doesn’t any longer here work C. doesn’t work any more here D. doesn’t work here any longer 13. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ______. A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening 14. My elder brother is ______ a singer ______ I am. A. no other…than B. no more…than C. not other…than D. not more…than 15. Sunlight is ______ necessary ______ fresh air to a healthy body. A. not less…than B. no less…than C. no more…than D. not more…than 16. She doesn’t speak _____ her friend, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 17. It takes a long time to go there by train, it’s _____ by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker 18. —Mum, I think I’m _____ to get back to school. —Not really, My dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 19. —If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one. —OK, but do you have ______size in blue ? This one’s a bit tight for me . A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger 20. John plays football ______, if not better than David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 21. If there were no examinations , we should have ______ at school . A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 22. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less 23. —Do you remember _____ he came? —Yes I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. then D. if 24. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people? A. such...such B. such...so C. so...so D. so...such 25. —How was your recent visit to Qingdao? —It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside. A. few fast sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 26. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty, _____ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever 27. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____. A the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice 28. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ______. A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily 29. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry. A. inspired B. satisfied C. clam D. certain 30. If I had _____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting stories. A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 31. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is_____ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 32. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 33. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 34. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ______ for the poor. A. more B. much C. many D. most 35. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ______ trick. A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple 36. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 37. It wasn’t ______his appearance I liked ______his personality. A. so much …as B. no less…than C. so much …as D. no more …than 38. It’s believed that ______ you work, ______ result you’ll get. A. the harder...the better B. the more hard...the more better C. the harder...a better D. more hard...more better 39. Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose _______ one. A. the less expensive B. the most expensive C. less expensive D. more expensive 40. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ______, but we really don’t want him to smell _____. A. well...well B. bad...bad C. well...badly D. badly...bad 41. It was ______ late to catch a bus after the party, so we called a taxi. A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far 42. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _____ choice. A. good B. the best C. better D. the better 43. We waited _____ for the bus. A. long time B. a long time C. the long time D. some long time 44. She is _____ to leave as soon as possible. A. hurried B. anxious C. worried D. nervous 45. We are all going to the games. Why don’t you e ______? A. up B. across C. along D. to 46. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting. A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 47. —Are you satisfied with her answer? —Not at all. It couldn’t have been _____. A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst 48. Last night I had a terrible cold and ached all _____. A. the way B. over C. at once D. the worst 49. Their cheerful voices showed that they were having a ______ discussion. A. noisy B. serious C. plete D. friendly 50. ______book of this writer is East and West. A. Known to be the best B. It was the best known C. Known as the best D. The best known 第四章 形容詞和副詞 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. B 50. D