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2019年高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 Module 5 The Great Sports Personality 外研版必修5 perform vi.表現(xiàn)；性能(如何)vt.履行；執(zhí)行；演出 [經(jīng)典例句]But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.(xx北京閱讀理解D) 但是那些經(jīng)常同時(shí)處理許多件事的人被發(fā)現(xiàn)在實(shí)際的多重任務(wù)處理測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)地最差。 (1)perform the role of　　扮演……角色 perform a．.. role in　　在……中起……作用 perform an operation 進(jìn)行手術(shù) perform ones duty/promise 盡責(zé)任/履行承諾 (2)performance n. 執(zhí)行；表演；履行 put on/give a performance 表演 ①Once performed, the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert. 一旦演出，貝多芬的作品一定會(huì)吸引所有出席音樂(lè)會(huì)的人。 ②A(yíng)s everyone knows, she ____________ in our organization.大家都知道，她在我們的組織中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。 ③Her performance at yesterdays concert was beyond pare.她在昨天音樂(lè)會(huì)中的表演精彩絕倫。 答案?、趐erforms an important role guarantee vt.保證；擔(dān)保；為……擔(dān)保n.保證；擔(dān)保 [經(jīng)典例句]Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will bee really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.(xx廣東閱讀理解B) 始終如一的努力工作雖然不能保證你獲得你期望的那么大的成功，但它能保證你精通于你所從事的為之付出心血的事情。 (1)guarantee to do sth/that... 保證/擔(dān)保做某事；確保…… guarantee sb sth　保證某人某事 be guaranteed to do sth 肯定會(huì)做某事 (2)give sb a guarantee (that)．.. 向某人保證…… under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi) ①I(mǎi)f you yell at him, hes guaranteed to do the opposite of what you want. 如果你向他大喊大叫，他肯定會(huì)跟你對(duì)著干。 ②Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time? 你能向我保證工作會(huì)按時(shí)完成嗎？ ③The LCD television doesnt work；its still ________.這臺(tái)液晶電視壞了，它仍在保修期內(nèi)。 答案　③under guarantee 語(yǔ)境巧記 The puter is guaranteed for a year. That is to say, it has a years guarantee, so it is still under guarantee now.這臺(tái)電腦保質(zhì)期一年，也就是說(shuō)，它有一年的保質(zhì)期，因此現(xiàn)在還在保修期內(nèi)。 declare v．宣告，宣布，宣稱(chēng)；聲明 [經(jīng)典例句]Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue es from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes.(xx遼寧閱讀理解C) 一些科學(xué)家宣稱(chēng)我們的大部分疲勞來(lái)自我們的精神和情感態(tài)度。 declare sb/sth to be　　　　宣布某人或某事…… declare for/against 表示贊成/反對(duì)…… declare war (on/against) (向……)宣戰(zhàn) declare sth open/closed 宣布……開(kāi)始/結(jié)束 ①The accused man was declared(to be) innocent by the court.法庭宣布被告無(wú)罪。 ②The chairman ____________； all of us present cheered.主席宣布儀式開(kāi)幕時(shí)，我們?cè)趫?chǎng)的所有人都?xì)g呼雀躍。 答案?、赿eclared the ceremony open 【易混辨析】 declare，announce declare 指公開(kāi)、正式、鄭重地“宣布、聲明(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、和平、判決、意見(jiàn)等)”，含有十分肯定之意 announce 指首次公開(kāi)“宣布、宣告”一件令人關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，一般帶有預(yù)告的性質(zhì) ③The secretary ________ to the public that the result of election would be ________ soon. 答案　③announced；declared [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě) 1．We cannot g________the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather. 2．We have time and time again d________that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons. 3．We should keep the fine q________of the working people. 4．Yi Jianlians s________ is now well into double figures in the match. 5．He works day and night to earn enough money to ________(購(gòu)買(mǎi))a house. 6．Their football team ________(表現(xiàn))very well in the match yesterday. 7．He has been living here since he ________(退休)at the age of 60. 8．Although the boxers were ________(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手)in the ring，they were really good friends. 答案　1.guarantee　2.declared　3.qualities　4.score　5.purchase　6.performed　7.retired　8petitors Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx浙江卷)Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. A．operation B．Growth C．performance D．character 答案　C　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為學(xué)生，如果你養(yǎng)成對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法進(jìn)行反思的習(xí)慣，你的表現(xiàn)將會(huì)非常出色。performance“表現(xiàn)”。operation“手術(shù)；操作”；growth“成長(zhǎng)”；character“個(gè)性”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項(xiàng)。] 2．(xx江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Working hard is not a ________ of great success, but it is among the essential requirements. A．sign B．signal C．guarantee D．mark 答案　C　[考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：勤奮工作不能保證你一定會(huì)取得巨大的成功，但它是取得成功的必要條件之一。由句意可知選guarantee“保證”。] 3．The visitor declared himself ________. A．satisfying B．satisfied C．being satisfied D．being satisfying 答案　B　[考查“declare＋反身代詞＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：那位游客聲稱(chēng)他很滿(mǎn)意。所以用satisfied而不用satisfying (令人滿(mǎn)意的)。] [核 心 短 語(yǔ)] on the increase正在增加 [經(jīng)典例句]Thanks to the Partys leadership, peoples ines are on the increase. 多虧黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，人民的收入正在增加。 increase by＋倍數(shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)，表示增加了…… increase to＋增長(zhǎng)后的數(shù)字，表示增加到…… ①The population of this city has increased to 12 million.該市人口已增長(zhǎng)到1 200萬(wàn)。 ②Emissions of carbon dioxide will ________ around 5% by 2030.到2030年前，二氧化碳的排放量將會(huì)增多大約5%。 答案?、趇ncrease by 【知識(shí)鏈接】 increase to... 表示“增加到……”； increase by... 表示“增加了多大幅度”。有類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：reduce，decline，drop等。 rise to ones feet站起身 [經(jīng)典例句]It is good manners for students to rise to their feet when their teacher enters the classroom. 老師進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候?qū)W生站起來(lái)是有禮貌的行為。 struggle to ones feet　　掙扎著站起來(lái) on foot 站著，步行 jump to ones feet 跳起來(lái) set foot in/on 進(jìn)入，踏上；涉足于 ①The old man struggled to his feet，staggering out of the room. 這個(gè)老人努力地站起來(lái)，搖搖晃晃地走出了屋子。 ②He ____________ when he heard the bell ringing. 他聽(tīng)到鈴響就跳了起來(lái)。 答案?、趈umped to his feet [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.完成句子 1．____________ tigers has reduced abruptly in the last fifty years. 在過(guò)去的五十年里，老虎的數(shù)目銳減。 2．The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries ____________. 兩國(guó)之間的技術(shù)合作和文化交流正在與日俱增。 3．____________ class time，or you will miss what the teacher says. 利用好課堂上的時(shí)間，要不然你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)老師講的內(nèi)容。 4．____________ whether we accept the present or not. 要不要這份禮物由你決定。 5．I saw two boys ____________ at the same time to answer the question. 我看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)男孩同時(shí)站起來(lái)回答問(wèn)題。 答案　1.The number of　2.are daily on the increase 3．Take advantage of　4.Its up to you　5.rising to their feet Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx泰安高三模擬)Because of poverty and wars, crime in Africa is ________， even worse than before. A．in the progress B．in progress C．on the increase D．on increase 答案　C　[句意：由于貧困和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，非洲的犯罪正在增加，甚至超出了以往任何時(shí)期。] 2．As the leader es into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42kilometre race，the crowd ________ to its feet to shout and cheer. A．raises B．rises C．lifts D．increases 答案　B　[句意：當(dāng)領(lǐng)先的運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)入體育館來(lái)跑那全程42公里的最后幾米時(shí)，全場(chǎng)觀(guān)眾都站起身來(lái)向他歡呼喝彩。rise to ones feet站起身來(lái)，符合句意。其他三項(xiàng)都不與ones feet搭配。] Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．There are score of people there，maybe eighty or more.________. 2．The members of the association have decreased by three hundred.________. 答案　1.score―→scores　2.by―→to [核 心 句 型] If you go into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.如果你走進(jìn)任何一個(gè)地方的中學(xué)或大學(xué)校園，都有可能看到身穿印有那個(gè)熟悉標(biāo)志的李寧運(yùn)動(dòng)服的學(xué)生們。 (the)chances are(that)．..意為“很可能……”，句型中的the和that都可省略，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。表達(dá)此意時(shí)還可用there is a chance that...，that后面跟同位語(yǔ)從句。 ①There is a chance that I will see him these days. 這幾天我有可能見(jiàn)到他。 theres no chance take a chance/chances冒險(xiǎn)；碰運(yùn)氣 by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 ②You should never take chances when driving a car. 開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)決不應(yīng)冒險(xiǎn)。 ③________________ he will change his mind. 他不可能改變主意。 答案?、跿here is no chance that [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.完成句子 1．People cant get succeed ________absolutely. 人若想完全靠運(yùn)氣成功那是不可能的。 2．Chances ________ he will e today. 可能他今天來(lái)。 答案　1.by chance/accident　2.are that Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．There is much chance ________ Bill will ________ from his injury in time for the race. A．that；recover B．which；recover C．that；relieve D．which；relieve 答案　A　[第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填一個(gè)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明chance(可能性)的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)后半句判斷，意義已完整，所以選that；relieve意為“緩和；減輕”，不合句意；recover意為“恢復(fù)(健康)”，符合句意。] 2．—Tom, I havent received the photos taken at our party. —I ________ the photos! I emailed them to you last night. A．had sent B．will send C．do send D．did send 答案　D　[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)的用法和時(shí)態(tài)。從答語(yǔ)后一句可知答話(huà)者確實(shí)把照片發(fā)送給了對(duì)方，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后一句的時(shí)態(tài)可以判定前一句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為D。] 3．(xx河北五校高三聯(lián)盟調(diào)研)—Who is making so much noise in the garden? — ________ the children. A．It is B．They are C．That is D．There are 答案　A　[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式，原句應(yīng)為：It is the children that are making so much noise in the garden.] [單 元 語(yǔ) 法] 復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句 1．(xx瀘洲一診)________， Oscar still thought he had a long way to go in filmmaking industry. A．Try as he might B．As he might try C．Try although he might D．Though might he try 答案　A　[句意：無(wú)論怎樣努力，Oscar仍然認(rèn)為在電影行業(yè)他還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。此處as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用倒裝句。] 2．(xx寧夏銀川一中高三二模)I was buried in reading Pride and Prejudice the whole day. Its ages ________ I enjoyed myself so much. A．a(chǎn)fter B．before C．when D．since 答案　D　[句意：我整天都在讀《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》，我已經(jīng)有好幾年沒(méi)有這么快樂(lè)了。此處由since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意選D。] 3．(xx山東四市聯(lián)考)I had such a wonderful time ________ I visited my friends in London last summer. A．when B．that C．which D．a(chǎn)s 答案　A　[句意：去年夏天我在倫敦拜訪(fǎng)我的朋友們時(shí)，感到很快樂(lè)。此處由when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意，本句不是such...that...的結(jié)構(gòu)。] 4．(xx烏魯木齊市第一中學(xué)二診) ________ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. A．If B．As C．Because D．While 答案　D　[句意：盡管因特網(wǎng)很有幫助，但我認(rèn)為花太多的時(shí)間在上面不是一個(gè)好的主意。 此處while意為“盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。]