2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題七 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)教案.doc
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2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題七 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)教案 一、考點聚焦 1、動詞時態(tài)考查要點簡述 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時考點分析 ①表示客觀事實或普通真理(不受時態(tài)限制) The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100oC. ②表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞;表示經(jīng)?;蛄?xí)慣性的動作,多用動作動詞,且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時:see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如: I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. ④在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示時態(tài)。 If you will accept my invitation and e to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會,我的家人會非常高興。 ⑤少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如e、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時間或事先安排,肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. (2)一般過去時的考點分析(考核重點)。 ①一般過去時的基本用法:表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示);用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如: I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t. ②如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語,盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生,但從句中的謂語動詞連用過去式。如: He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ③表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作,常由以下詞語連接,用一般過去時。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。 The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. ④常用一般過去時的句型: Why didn’t you / I think of that? I didn’t notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn’t recognize him. (3)一般將來時考點分析。 ①表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall + 動詞(常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next week等)。 ②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動作。 We’ll die without air or water. ③表示趨向行為的動詞如e、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時的形式表示將來時。 ④be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別: be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈拢@種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備;shall / will do表示未事先考慮過,即說話時臨時作出的決定。 be going to 表將來,不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中;而will則能,表意愿。如: If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正確) If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯誤) be to do sth.表按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon. be about to do sth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. (4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時考點分析。 ①表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作;表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時;表近期特定的安排或計劃;go、e等起止動作可用進(jìn)行時代替將來時。如: It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.) The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用,表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動或某種感情色彩) ②下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。(A)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一時性動作的動詞:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, plete。(D)表示感官的動詞:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。 (5)過去完成時考點分析(考核重點)。 ①常用過去完成時的幾種情況:(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done。(C)“時間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語,謂語動詞用過去完成時;“時間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語,謂語動詞用一般過去式。如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示“一……就”的幾個句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時。如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. ②在before或after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去完成時。 After he (had) left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed. (6)過去將來時考點分析。 參照一般將來時對比:用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來;e、go、leave等過去進(jìn)行時表過去將來時;was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。 (7)過去進(jìn)行時考點分析。 ①過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。 ②某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生,其中一個在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。 (8)現(xiàn)在完成時考點分析。 ①現(xiàn)在完成時除可以和for、since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語連用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。 ②下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時 It is (has been) + 一段時間 + since從句 This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成時 This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成時 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 從句 + 完成時 ③在時間或條件狀語從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替一般將來時。如: I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. (9)注意幾組時態(tài)的區(qū)別: ①一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時:時間上有差異:凡有過去時間的均用過去時態(tài),不能用完成時態(tài),如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。 結(jié)果上有差異:現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。 ②過去完成時與一般過去時:過去完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”;如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個動作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時即可。 2、被動語態(tài)考查要點簡述 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / bee + 過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略)。 (1)使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題。 ①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化??聪铝欣洹? My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. ②主動變被動時,賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss) ③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. ④情態(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài),只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。 ⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài),動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如: People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … (2)不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。 ①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。 ②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。 ③表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等。 ④表示“希望、意圖”的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 ⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài)。 ⑥賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。 ⑦有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 (3)主動形式表被動意義。 ①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當(dāng)動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。 This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。 These novels won’t sell well.這些小說不暢銷。 My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。 The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。 The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。 ②當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。 The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. ③want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 ④be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 ⑤在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。 (4)被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。 ①be seated坐著 He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。 ②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。 ③be lost迷路 ④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿著 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. (5)被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點或狀態(tài)。如: The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動語態(tài)) The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空 1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET xx) A. will request B. are requested C. are requesting D. request 解析:答案為B。此題的時態(tài)是不難判斷的,因為說的是一條規(guī)定,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時,而visitor與request之間是動賓關(guān)系,即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是誰要求他們這樣做呢?不清楚,也不必知道,因此需要用被動語態(tài)。分析visitors與request之間的關(guān)系是此題的解題關(guān)鍵。 2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET xx) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 解析:答案為A。此題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的用法。句意為“選擇一部移動電話不是一件容易的事,因為科技發(fā)展得十分迅速?!北揪涞闹骶湟话悻F(xiàn)在時表達(dá)的是目前的情況,而“科技發(fā)展迅速”也是現(xiàn)階段正存在的一種狀態(tài),不是在過去,也不是在將來,因此只能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表達(dá)。 3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.(xx年春季高考) A. pleted B. plete C. had been pleted D. have been pleted 解析:答案為D?,F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去年做的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。從and we’re ready to start句意可知,一切準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)就緒,可以開始工作了。plete是及物動詞,與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系,所以需要用被動語態(tài)表達(dá)。注意①分清plete與主語之間的關(guān)系;②結(jié)合語境選擇正確時態(tài)。 4.My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed 解析:答案為D。本句考時態(tài)和語境。全句意思是;我的心沒在他說的話上,所以恐怕他說的話我有一半沒聽到。整個事情是過去的事,且是做過的事,所以選一般過去時D。 5.The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was ing B. had e C. has e D. came 解析:答案為D。e alive“變得活躍”。照顧時間狀語從句時態(tài)一致時。 6.—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. —Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 解析:答案為D??疾閯釉~時態(tài),由現(xiàn)完成時的用法,可知動作發(fā)生在過去,故選D。- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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