2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破 專(zhuān)題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc
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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破 專(zhuān)題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版 考綱要求 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 考查點(diǎn) 年份 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置 分值 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) xx 43 treats/treated/is__treated/was treated 1分 2011 44 celebrate/is__celebrated/celebrated/was celebrated 1分 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) xx 38 moves/moved/is moved/was__moved 1分 xx 39 invites/is invited/was__invited/has invited 1分 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) xx 44 will save/was saved/have saved/will__be__saved 1分 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)為河北中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn),且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合,主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)境設(shè)置在近三年來(lái)很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示,需要分析語(yǔ)境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)句多為單句形式,詞數(shù)多為9~13。 預(yù)計(jì)xx年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇題必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),并與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。 ,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破 【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】 ( )1.Chinese ________ by more and more people from all over the world today. A.learn B.learned C.is learned D.was learned ( )2.(xx保定8中模擬)Today,puters are really helpful.They ______ everywhere. A.use B.a(chǎn)re used C.used D.were used ( )3.(xx唐山54中模擬)Every year,more than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins(魚(yú)翅). A.were killed B.have killed C.a(chǎn)re killed D.will kill ( )4.The sport of basketball ________ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. A.play B.played C.is played D.has played ( )5.When I called the bus service,I ________ that there was no more bus. A.was telling B.was told C.has told D.had told ( )6.(xx保定17中模擬)A new club ________ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A.starts B.is started C.has started D.was started ( )7.The first Earth Day ________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A.celebrates B.celebrated C.is celebrated D.was celebrated ( )8.Alice ________ some advice on how to improve her listening skills,and she gladly accepted Miss Greens. A.gave B.was given C.gives D.is given ( )9.The task ________ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest. A.was finished B.will be finished C.has been finished D.cant be finished ( )10.(xx唐山友誼中學(xué)模擬)Im sure that stricter rules ________ to control smoking very soon. A.made B.will make C.were made D.will be made 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 1.動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類(lèi) 英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如:Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。(Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者) 2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的4種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下: 時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are+done This kind of car is made in China.這種車(chē)是中國(guó)制造的。 一般 過(guò)去時(shí) was/were+done The flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。 一般 將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall+ be+done The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+done Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 (1)圖示 (2)口訣:賓變主,主變賓,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng) (3)變換步驟: ①將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。 注意:如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞,需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛H纾篢om killed him.→He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。 ②將動(dòng)詞改為“be+過(guò)去分詞”。 注意:be動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致,時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了 。 ③將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為by…放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。 注意:如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞,則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him.他唱了一首歌。 【方法突破】 分析河北近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn),涉及語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題的選項(xiàng)中通常有兩個(gè)主動(dòng)和兩個(gè)被動(dòng),并且有現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時(shí),可從以下角度入手分析: 判斷句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 讀懂句意,確定主語(yǔ),判斷主語(yǔ)表示人還是物,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為人時(shí),需根據(jù)句意及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出:若為主語(yǔ)發(fā)出,用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);若不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)說(shuō),試題主要是讓大家找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者,這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷,然后根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做出正確選擇。 確定句子的時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用離不開(kāi)時(shí)態(tài),所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài),選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。 4.常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) (1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的句子,多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如:Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。 (2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如:hear,see,watch,notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即:hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如:We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那女孩在音樂(lè)教室彈鋼琴。 (3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如:make,let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即:make sb.do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.如:The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。 5.不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況 (1)連系動(dòng)詞,如:look,feel,smell等,以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如:The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。 (2)有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義,如:need doing(需要做某事),be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如:Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了,需要馬上清理一下。 (3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place,無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。 ,河北中考考點(diǎn)精練 ( )1.(xx廣安中考)—Mike,I looked for you everywhere last night. —Oh,I ________ to the party. A.a(chǎn)m invited B.invited C.invite D.was invited ( )2.(xx石家莊42中模擬)—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It ________ very often. A.is washed B.washes C.was washed D.washed ( )3.(xx臨沂中考)Teenagers should ________ to take care of themselves from a young age. A.educate B.be educating C.have educated D.be educated ( )4.(xx江西中考)You cant wear shoes inside this place.It ________. A.doesnt allow B.isnt allowed C.hasnt allowed D.wasnt allowed ( )5.(xx資陽(yáng)中考)A new school ________ last year in my hometown. A.set up B.sets up C.is set up D.was set up ( )6.(xx青島中考)We ________ to start at once,or we will miss the train. A.tell B.have told C.a(chǎn)re told D.told ( )7.(xx煙臺(tái)中考)Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the English Speech Contest. A.is encouraged B.encourages C.a(chǎn)re encouraging D.a(chǎn)re encouraged ( )8.(xx蘭州中考)He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it ________to him before Fathers Day. A.send B.will be sent C.was sent D.sent ( )9.(xx十堰中考)During the Spring Festival,paper cuttings________ on windows,doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. A.a(chǎn)re put B.were put C.puts D.putting ( )10.(xx廣東中考)—Have you heard of the song Little Apple? —Yes.It ________every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played ( )11.(xx黔南中考)Every day,too much water________ in our school.We should save it. A.is wasted B.wastes C.was wasted D.wasted ( )12.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Hurry up! Once the concert starts,nobody________ to enter the concert hall. A.a(chǎn)llows B.a(chǎn)llowed C.is allowed D.is allowing ( )13.(xx石家莊40中模擬)To my great surprise,the famous athletes story ________ differently in the newspapers. A.was reported B.reported C.was reporting D.reports ( )14.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Were sure that the environment in our city ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A.improved B.was improved C.has improved D.will be improved ( )15.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Last March,many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful. A.were planted B.were planting C.had planted D.planted ( )16.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Your application wont ________ until you plete the survey. A.a(chǎn)ccept B.receive C.be accepted D.be received ( )17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))The dictionary may ________ for three weeks. A.keep B.be kept C.borrow D.be borrowed ( )18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—________ free breakfasts ________ in all schools in China? —No,not yet.Only in the rural areas. A.Are,made B.Do;serve C.Are;served D.Do;make ( )19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))I want to know if an English petition ________ next month. A.will hold B.will be held C.holds D.is held ( )20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Many students ________ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. 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