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2014年秋高中英語 Module 1 British and American English language points訓(xùn)練 外研版必修5
重點單詞
【詞條1】compare
【課文原句】… compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British).（Page 2）
【點撥】compare在該句中是動詞，意思是“比較，對比”。compare A with B“比較A和B”。這句話的意思是：……比較一下on the team, on the weekend
2、 （美國用法）和in the team, at the weekend (英國用法)。 再如：
We carefully compared the first report with the second.
【拓展】（1）compare A to B “把A比作B”。如：
People compared him to a little white mouse.
（2）A compare with/to B “A與B類似（相似）。如：
This school compares with/to the best in the country.
【詞條2】differ
【課文原句】
3、The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. (Page 2)
【點撥】動詞differ在該句中的意思是“不同于，相異”。這句話的意思是：兩種英語相異
的另外兩個領(lǐng)域是拼寫和發(fā)音。與介詞in連用表示“在某方面相異”。如：
The brothers differ in their interests.
【拓展】⑴ 短語A and B differ from each other / A differs from B意思是“A和B有區(qū)別”。如：
French di
4、ffers from English in this respect.
(2) 短語differ with sb. (about / on / over sth.)意思是“（在某件事上）與某人持不同看法”。如：
I have to differ with you on that plan.
【詞條3】attempt
【課文原句】Can you see any similarities between Webster’s work and attempts to simplify Chinese? (Page 9)
【點撥】attempt在該句中是名詞，意思是“嘗試, 企圖” ，這句
5、話的意思是：你能從Webster的工作和簡化漢語的嘗試中看到一些相似點嗎？再如：
The prisoner made an attempt to escape.
【拓展】(1)名詞attempt在表示“企圖，嘗試”時，除了可以與to do sth.連用，也可以與at sth. / doing sth.連用。如：
His first attempt at English composition was poor.
They made no attempt at escaping.
（2）attempt還可以用作動詞, attempt to do sth. / attempt sth.意
6、思是“試圖做某事”。如：
We attempted to finish the task ahead of time.
重點短語
【短語1】make a difference
1 / 5
【課文原句】 It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.(Page 1)
【點撥】make a difference 在這里的意思是“產(chǎn)生影響, 有效”。這句話的意思是：一個老
師說英國英語還是說美國英語，沒有多大影響。再如：
His plan did
7、make a difference at the meeting yesterday.
【拓展】（1）make some /no difference 有一些/沒有影響。如：
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
（2）tell the difference (between…) 區(qū)分，分清楚。如：
I can never tell the difference between the twins.
【短語2】be similar to
【課文原句】The accent, which is most simil
8、ar to British English, can be heard on the eastern coast of the US.(Page 2)
【點撥】be similar to在這里的意思是“與……相似”。這句話的意思是：在美國東海岸能夠聽到跟英式英語非常接近的口音。再如：
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
【拓展】（1）形容詞similar只能與to連用，不能與with連用。但是名詞similarity卻可與with連用，也可以與in, between或to連用表示不同的意思。如：
Ma
9、ny species have close similarities with one another.
She bears a striking similarity to her mother.
They will report the similarity between the two groups.
(2) be similar to的反義短語是be different from…“與……不同”。如：
His method is different from those of others.
【短語3】have difficulty (in) doing…
【課文原句】A
10、 Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. (Page 2)
【點撥】have difficulty (in) doing…“做……有困難”，介詞in 可以省略。 這句話的意思是：一個倫敦人要聽懂一個來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人講話可能比理解一個紐約人更難。如：
We had no difficulty finding his home because of the map.
【拓展】（1）get (run) into difficul
11、ties “遇到困難，陷入困境”。如：
If you do this you will only run into difficulties.
(2) in a difficulty / difficulties “有困難，處境困難”。其反義短語為：out of a/the difficulty“擺脫困難，脫離困境”。如：
The bank is in difficulties.
Please come in and help me out of a difficulty.
(4) with difficulty 困難地，費事地，吃力地。其反義短語為：without difficul
12、ty “不費事地，輕易地”。 如：
She found her child with difficulty.
He finished the work without difficulty.
【短語4】refer to…as…
【課文原句】The Chinese refer to their language as Han,…（Page 8）
【點撥】refer to…as…在這里的意思是“把……稱為……“。該句子意思是：中國人把他們的語言稱為漢語。如：California is referred to as the “Golden State”.
【拓展】refer t
13、o 還有很多意思，請同學(xué)們看下面幾個句子：
I had forgotten the date of the battle so I referred to a history book.（查閱，參考）
When I said some people are stupid I wasn’t referring to you.（指…而言，指的是…）
This rule refers to everyone.（適用于）
Don’t refer to the matter again.（提到，談到）
He referred his success to his own hard work.
14、（歸功于，歸咎于）
熱點語法
本模塊復(fù)習(xí)了三種英語中的基本時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時。在這里我們給同學(xué)們作一個總結(jié)。
一、一般現(xiàn)在時：
一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或隨時都在發(fā)生的事情，具體用法如下：
1. 表示客觀事實或普通真理。如： Water boils at 100℃.
2. 表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。如：
Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other.
3. 表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種
15、抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：see, hear, smell, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。如：I know what you mean.
注意：（1）在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時態(tài)。如：
If you will wait for a moment, I’ll tell Mr. Black you’ve come.
（2）少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如come,
16、go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, pen, close, end, stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。如：
The shop closes at 9:00 p.m. every day.
二、現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)在進行時除表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的事情，還有以下用法：
1. 表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。如：。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
2.表示按計劃、安排要發(fā)
17、生的動作。如：Are you meeting them when you arrive there?
3. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的感情色彩。如： You are always following me.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時：
通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種情況：
(1)表示動作發(fā)生在過去某時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作影響到現(xiàn)在，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。如： The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.
(2) 表示動作開始于過去某一
18、時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，剛剛結(jié)束，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。如：
John has lived in Beijing since he was born.
注意：（1）since作連詞，它引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞若為瞬間動詞，主句的時間則從這一“時刻”算起。如：
He has lived here since he lefts his hometown.
若從句為延續(xù)性或狀態(tài)性動詞，主句時間則從其動作結(jié)束“那點”算起。如：
It is there years since he was a singer.
(2) 介詞for構(gòu)成的短語，表示時間的長度，后跟一段時間，不能跟時間點。如：
He has studied English for five years.
瞬間動詞不能與表示一段時間的介詞for連用，但它的否定式可與介詞for連用。如：
I have not received her letter for two months.
希望對大家有所幫助，多謝您的瀏覽！
2014年秋高中英語 Module 1 British and American English language points訓(xùn)練 外研版必修
