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專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第3講（上）西城一模五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)五選五高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于五選五高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 such as 例如 chat v. 聊天 store v. 存儲(chǔ) n. 商店 introduce v. 介紹 simple adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的 upstairs adv. 在樓上，往樓上 opp. downstairs discovery n. 發(fā)現(xiàn) v. discover imagine v. 想象 dig v. 挖掘 nearby adj. 在附近的 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：我們也和我們的朋友聊昨天晚上我們?cè)陔娨暽峡吹降臇|西。 本句中包含著由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作about的賓語(yǔ)。 2. When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)了礦業(yè)博物館，我們被帶去了一個(gè)存包的房間。 本句是由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在主句中又包含著一個(gè)由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾room。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過(guò)渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來(lái)解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時(shí)選擇范圍會(huì)變小，可以反復(fù)對(duì)比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來(lái)將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2 . 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來(lái)對(duì)第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對(duì)好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對(duì)該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說(shuō)明和例證。 典題精析 例題：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡(jiǎn)單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧?！?，所以空格處應(yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對(duì)這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 . 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會(huì)有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) A I had two ham sandwiches B Finally, it was time to return to school C The trip into the city was interesting D He then showed us how to pan for gold E There were also some interesting gold computer games to play 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 記敘文 250 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Our trip to the Mining Museum On Tuesday 4th April, we took a bus to travel to the Mining(礦業(yè)) Museum because we had been learning about the Gold Rushes. 1 .We went past some famous places such as Sydney Harbor and the Opera House along the way. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night. When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags. Our guide, Alison, then introduced us to a man named Bruce Binkley who is a miner. Mr. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold.2 . It seemed simple. You get a pan, fill it with dirt and water and then swirl(旋動(dòng)) it around until the big stones are washed out along with other things. Gold, being heavier, is left at the bottom. Next, we walked upstairs to look at pictures, information and samples(樣品) of gold. We filled in a worksheet about the early discoveries of gold in Australia. 3 .That part was really exciting because you had to imagine that you were a miner digging for gold. Lunch was spent in a nearby park.4 . They were yummy! We also played hide-and-seek while we were there. 5 .We boarded the bus and felt very tired. Some children even slept on the bus! It was an enjoyable trip to the Mining Museum. A. I had two ham sandwiches B. Finally, it was time to return to school C. The trip into the city was interesting D. He then showed us how to pan for gold E. There were also some interesting gold computer games to play 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要講述的是作者去參觀礦業(yè)博物館這件事情并詳細(xì)描述了整個(gè)參觀過(guò)程。 1. 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯?？崭裎挥诘诙蔚亩问?，為第二段的主旨句。瀏覽第二段可知本段主要講述的是去礦業(yè)博物館的路上發(fā)生的事，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選C，意為“去城市里的旅行是有趣的”。 答案：C 2. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭袂熬渥覯r. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold.意為“Mr. Binkley和我們談?wù)撽P(guān)于人們過(guò)去是怎樣尋找黃金的？”，所以空格后應(yīng)該是關(guān)于人們淘金的方式，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選D，意為“他接著展示給我們?cè)鯓犹越稹薄? 答案：D 3. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。本空位于第五段的段中部分，瀏覽第五段可知本段講述的是參觀過(guò)程中的一些環(huán)節(jié)，而空格應(yīng)是環(huán)節(jié)中的一部分，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選E，意為“這里也可以玩一些有趣的關(guān)于黃金的電腦游戲”。 答案：E 4. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子Lunch was spent in a nearby park.意為“午飯是在附近的公園吃的”，所以空格后應(yīng)該與吃午飯這件事情相關(guān)，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選A，意為“我吃了兩個(gè)火腿三明治”。 答案：A 5. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯。根據(jù)空格后句子“We boarded the bus and felt very tired.”意為“我們上了公交車，感覺(jué)非常累”可知旅行結(jié)束了，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)該選B，意為“最后，到了返校的時(shí)間了?！? 答案：B 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 2、3、4、5 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 指代邏輯 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 1 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 such as v. 聊天 v. 存儲(chǔ) introduce v. simple adj. adv. 在樓上，往樓上 discovery n. v. 想象 v. 挖掘 nearby adj. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 他買了許多水果，如蘋果，桃子等等。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 當(dāng)湯姆二十歲時(shí)，他成為老師。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. Avoid unhealthy foods such as hamburger and chips. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 人物傳記/故事類 記敘文 208 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Following Their Dreams Florence lived in the countryside of Kenya (肯尼亞）in Africa. When she was 12, she wanted nothing more than to finish school. But for many girls like her, school is not a choice.___1___. Families will probably spend money educating boys. Many girls are forced to marry. ___2___. It was Beads for Education, started by Lisa Stevens, that helped realize her dream. Beads has provided many girls with the best education possible. Florence was the first of 320 Kenyan girls in third grade. ___3___. During her visit, she heard that many women made and sold baskets. They used the money to send their daughters to school. Two years later, she started to help sell the Kenyan crafts in the U. S. In 1998, Stevens began helping girls continue their education. ___4___. In January, xx, she opened the fourth one. "I want to provide the girls with the best education possible and prepare them for college and beyond," Stevens said. The new high school is named Tembea, which means "to walk". Florence is walking toward a bright future. ___5___. "Florence is the first in her family to finish high school and college," says Stevens. "She is an example for all girls in Kenya." A.School costs money B.In 1991 Stevens first visited Kenya C.After that, she helped build three schools D.She left college in xx and is now a teacher E.But Florence was able to continue her schooling A.School costs money B.In 1991 Stevens first visited Kenya C.After that, she helped build three schools D.She left college in xx and is now a teacher A. School costs money B. In 1991 Stevens first visited Kenya C. After that, she helped build three schools D. She left college in xx and is now a teacher E. But Florence was able to continue her schooling 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 such as 例如 chat v. 聊天 store v. 存儲(chǔ) introduce v. 介紹 simple adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的 upstairs adv. 在樓上，往樓上 discovery n. 發(fā)現(xiàn) imagine v. 想象 dig v. 挖掘 nearby adj. 在附近的 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. He bought a lot of fruit such as apples and peaches. 2. Tom became a teacher when he was twenty years old. 3. 我們也和我們的朋友聊昨天晚上我們?cè)陔娨暽峡吹降臇|西。 4. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)了礦業(yè)博物館，我們被帶去了一個(gè)存包的房間。 5. 不要吃不健康食品，如漢堡和薯?xiàng)l。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. A 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. D 第3講（下）西城一模閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 crazy adj. 瘋狂的 produce v. 創(chuàng)作，生產(chǎn) interview n. 采訪，面談 stress n. 壓力 come up with 提出 confidence n. 自信 adj. confident 自信的 practice v. 練習(xí) drop out 退學(xué)，退出 prepare for 為…準(zhǔn)備 opportunity n. 時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì) 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. After school, Jones would play me the most recent mix of songs in the studio and ask what I thought.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：放學(xué)后，Jones會(huì)在工作室里給我演奏最近的組合歌曲并詢問(wèn)我的看法。 本句中包含了一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作ask的賓語(yǔ)。 2. With the goal of being a cool DJ, Ronson dropped out of New York University and played in clubs in downtown New York, where popular artists often visited.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：帶著成為一個(gè)一流的DJ的目標(biāo)，Ronson從紐約大學(xué)退學(xué)了，在紐約市中心的俱樂(lè)部里演奏，那里是流行藝術(shù)家們經(jīng)常去的地方。 本句中包含了一個(gè)由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對(duì)性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來(lái)了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來(lái)尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來(lái)將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對(duì)人，事，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問(wèn)題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動(dòng)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問(wèn)形式為一般疑問(wèn)句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問(wèn)題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個(gè)物體，新興事物或抽象概念時(shí)：What……is. 2. 介紹某個(gè)人物時(shí)：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時(shí)：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時(shí)：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問(wèn)題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語(yǔ)即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤(rùn)色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬(wàn)里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.（北京朝陽(yáng)期末） 問(wèn)題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說(shuō)的是孩子們?cè)诩依镒鲆恍┘覄?wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開家，獨(dú)自生活的時(shí)候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問(wèn)題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) 1 Is Mark Ronson a pop star now? 2 What did he win on Feb 15, xx? 3 How did he teach himself to be a DJ? 4 Where did he play after dropping out of university? 5 What made him successful? 通讀尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 人物傳記類 記敘文 413 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ It’s been a long journey. From DJ to producer to singer, Mark Ronson is now a pop star in his own right. On Feb 15, his hit song Uptown Funk won Record of the Year, one of the most important prizes, at the xx Grammy Awards. While the world has gone crazy for the song, Ronson, 40, went through six difficult months to produce it. In fact, the UK musician made 17 versions(版本) of Uptown Funk. In an interview with the Daily Mail, Ronson told the UK newspaper that he worked so hard that his hair started to fall out. At one point, the stress of trying to come up with a suitable guitar part even caused him to faint(暈倒) in a restaurant. The difficulties didn’t stop there.Ronson also didn’t have enough confidence in his singing, as he had been a producer for a long time. “I work with great singers, ” he told the New York Post，“so I’ve always heard what really good voices sound like.” Still, things worked out great in the end. His family plays all important part in his success. His stepfather guitarist Mick Jones was one of the first members of the rock band Foreigner and sometimes Jones would share ideas with Ronson. “After school, Jones would play me the most recent mix of songs in the studio and ask what I thought, and I would tell him in my little English schoolboy voice, ‘I remember the bass(貝司) was turned up a little more on the mix from last week’”, Ronson told The Guardian, “I was kind of meant to live in the studio.” All these influences led to his success.Ronson taught himself how to DJ when he was 16. “I practiced by copying my favorite DJs on the radio. ” he told US radio station NPR. “I would listen to them and try and copy in my best way what they were doing. ” With the goal of being a cool DJ, Ronson dropped out of New York University and played in clubs in downtown New York, where popular artists often visited. “If you do a good job, there’s the chance they might remember who you are, ” he told NPR. And doing a good job is how Ronson got into show business. “Never underestimate(低估) Ronson, ” UK DJ Zane Lowe told Esquire magazine, “he is fully prepared for opportunities. ” 1. Is Mark Ronson a pop star now? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. What did he win on Feb 15, xx? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. How did he teach himself to be a DJ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Where did he play after dropping out of university? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. What made him successful? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇人物傳記類的記敘文，主要講述了Mark Ronson是如何克服困難，成為一名受到大家歡迎的流行音樂(lè)歌手的。 1. 解析：是非題。題干意為“Mark Ronson現(xiàn)在是一名流行明星嗎？”，根據(jù)題干可將答案鎖定在文章第一段中，根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“From DJ to producer to singer, Mark Ronson is now a pop star in his own right.”可判定題干是正確的，故答案為“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 2. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“他在xx年2月15日贏得了什么？”，根據(jù)題干可將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，瀏覽第二段，根據(jù)段中關(guān)鍵句his hit song Uptown Funk won Record of the Year, one of the most important prizes, at the xx Grammy Awards.可知他的暢銷歌曲Uptown Funk贏得了xx年格萊美獎(jiǎng)的年度最佳唱片獎(jiǎng)，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：Record of the Year at the xx Grammy Awards. 3. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“他是怎樣自學(xué)成為一名DJ的？”，根據(jù)題干可將答案鎖定在文章第九段中，根據(jù)第九段關(guān)鍵句Ronson taught himself how to DJ when he was 16. “I practiced by copying my favorite DJs on the radio. ” he told US radio station NPR.可知他是通過(guò)廣播模仿最喜愛的DJ來(lái)進(jìn)行練習(xí)的，故可推斷出正確答案，但要注意人稱的變化，I變he，my變his。 答案：He practiced by copying his favorite D