2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 Festivals around the world（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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必修三Unit 1　Festivals around the world 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 A poor farmer had a friend who was famous 1 the wonder apples he grew. One day, his mend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was 2 (please) with the gift, but when he got home he did not how where 3 (plant) it. He was afraid that if he planted the tree near me road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in his field, his 4 (neighbor) would e at night and steal some of the apples. Finally he planted the tree in his wood, 5 no one could see it. 6 there was no sunlight or good soil, the tree soon died. Later me mend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place. "Whats the 7 (differ)?"the farmer said 8 (anger)."If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in my field, my neighbors would have e at night and stolen some of the apples." "Yes," said the friend, "but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only 9 (rob) everyone of the fruit, but also you have destroyed 10 good apple tree!" 【文章大意】本文通過(guò)蘋果樹的故事告訴我們?cè)谌松幸獙W(xué)會(huì)與人分享。只有與人分享，我們才能得到真正的幸福和快樂(lè)。 1.for 【解析】考查介詞。此處運(yùn)用了be famous for這個(gè)短語(yǔ)，表示“這個(gè)朋友因?yàn)榉N了神奇的蘋果樹而遠(yuǎn)近聞名”。故填for。 2.pleased 【解析】考查形容詞。be pleased with…是固定搭配，指“對(duì)……感到滿意”。故填pleased。 3.to plant 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。know后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式，此處考查了“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to plant。 4.neighbours 5.where 【解析】考查連詞。本句運(yùn)用了定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是his wood，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示“在他的林子里”。故填where。 6.Because 【解析】考查連詞。句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有陽(yáng)光和好的泥土，樹不久就死了。前一句是后一句的原因。故填Because。 7.difference 【解析】考查名詞。句意：那有什么不一樣？在定冠詞the后面跟名詞。故填difference。 8.angrily 9.have robbed 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。but also并列句中用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以此句中也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填have robbed。 10.the 【解析】考查冠詞。此處是特指朋友給這位農(nóng)民的蘋果樹。故填the。 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①harvest n．& vt.& vi.收獲；收割 ②starve vi.& vt.使餓死 ③drown vt.& vi.淹沒(méi)；溺死；淹死 ④wipe vt.擦；揩；擦去 ⑤trick n．詭計(jì)；惡作??；竅門 vt.欺騙；詐騙 ⑥gain vt.獲得；得到 ⑦gather vt.& vi.& n．搜集；集合；聚集 ⑧award n．獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品 vt.授予；判定 ⑨remind vt.提醒；使想起 ⑩forgive vt.(forgave，forgiven)原諒；饒恕 ?admire vt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕admirable adj.令人稱贊的，令人欽佩的 ?permission n．許可；允許 permit v．許可；允許 ?apologize vi.道歉；辯白 apology n．道歉 2．?？荚~匯 ①origin n．起源；由來(lái)；起因 ②belief n．信任；信心；信仰 ③arrival n．到來(lái)；到達(dá)；到達(dá)者 ④energetic adj.充滿活力的；精力充沛的；積極的 energy n．活力，干勁，精力 ⑤fool n．愚人；白癡；受騙者 vt.愚弄；欺騙 vi.干傻事；開(kāi)玩笑 adj.傻的 ⑥agriculture n．農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝；農(nóng)學(xué) agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的；農(nóng)藝的 ⑦independence n．獨(dú)立；自主 independent adj.獨(dú)立的；自主的 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．That photo is a reminder (remind), a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.(2017天津卷) 2．Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits (permit), or in some cases, citizenship.(2017浙江卷) 3．It is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original (origin) purpose if it is dead.(2017北京卷) 4．We shared the belief (believe) that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 5．The total rise in agricultural (agriculture) ines in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones. (2016江蘇卷) 6．It can make people more energetic (energy)．(2016四川卷) 7．They are collected from the airport upon arrival (arrive) and brought to their acmodation in fort. (2016天津卷) 8．It was time also for the young panda to be independent (independence)． (2016四川卷) 9．Chimps(黑猩猩)will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering (gather) in war parties to protect their territory.(2016江蘇卷) 10．The effect of cows milk harvested (harvest) at different time has not been tested on humans up to now. (2016四川卷) ?“騙，欺騙”家族 ①cheat v．欺騙，欺詐，作弊 n. 欺騙(行為)；騙子 ②trick vt.欺騙；詐騙 n. 詭計(jì)；惡作?。桓[門 ③fool vt.愚弄；欺騙 n. 愚人 ④deceive v. 欺騙；蒙騙 ⑤play a trick on 搞惡作??；詐騙 ⑥make a fool of 愚弄，欺騙 ?“信任”家族 ①belief n．信任；信心；信仰 ②faith n．信任；信念；信仰 ③trust n. & vt.信任 ④convince vt.使確信；使信服 ⑤rely v．信任，信賴 ⑥confidence n．信任，信賴 ?含-ious 的必備形容詞一覽 ①ambitious 有雄心的，野心勃勃的 ②cautious 小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的 ③conscious 有意識(shí)的 ④envious 忌妒的，猜忌的 ⑤glorious 光榮的 ⑥mysterious 神秘的 ⑦religious 宗教的 ?常用“情感”名詞集錦 ①pleasure 愉快 ②happiness 高興 ③shock 震驚；難過(guò) ④sorrow 悲傷；悲痛 ⑤sadness 悲傷；難過(guò) 【完形填空】 My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of puter __1__，so I just set it up for her and let her __2__ with it on her own. As time went on，I __3__ the puter was hardly touched.She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and __5__ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment __6__ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the puter，looking quite __7__.The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序) had appeared and she didnt know how to __8__ it off.She had tried __9__ every key and it didnt work.I told her，“Just __10__ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to __11__ the puter up.What she did was to __12__ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the __13__ went pletely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny __14__.The more I laughed the __15__ she got. She thought that I was a(n)__16__ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overe her __17__ of breaking something and encouraged her to __18__ a little. About a week later，I found a homemade __19__ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face __20__ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the puter lessons.Love，Mom.” 1．A.theory　　　　　B．knowledge C．technology D．history 2．A.watch B．train C．play D．see 3．A.found B．heard C．thought D．ignored 4．A.why B．when C．how D．where 5．A.learned B．described C．explained D．discussed 6．A.and B．but C．because D．since 7．A.amusing B．relaxed C．interesting D．discouraged 8．A.get B．break C．cut D．turn 9．A.hitting B．feeling C．changing D．removing 10．A.hang B．shake C．rub D．push 11．A.clean B．wake C．bring D．take 12．A.put up B．cut off C．pick up D．put away 13．A.screen B．curtain C．cover D．window 14．A.adjustment B．imitation C．expression D．a(chǎn)ction 15．A.ruder B．happier C．a(chǎn)ngrier D．better 16．A.impatient B．humorous C．careful D．helpful 17．A.sadness B．pressure C．fear D．depression 18．A.reply B．observe C．a(chǎn)nswer D．experiment 19．A.inviting B．greeting C．shopping D．birthday 20．A.appeared B．stuck C．bined D．printed 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】該文主要講述了作者教退休的母親玩電腦的有趣故事。 1．B　根據(jù)下文中的“She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母親對(duì)電腦所知甚少，此處指電腦知識(shí)(knowledge)。 2．C　根據(jù)上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time”可知，作者給母親一臺(tái)自己的舊電腦是讓退休的母親自己玩。play with...“玩……”。 3．A　隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)電腦幾乎沒(méi)被碰過(guò)。 4．C　根據(jù)下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母親并不知道怎么(how)使用電腦，于是作者決定教她。 5．C　根據(jù)空處前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者給母親講解(explained)了相關(guān)的電腦知識(shí)。 6．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處應(yīng)填連詞and，表示“然后，接著”。 7．D　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，母親不會(huì)玩電腦，感到很泄氣(discouraged)。 8．D　根據(jù)空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序)had appeared”及常識(shí)可推知，電腦出現(xiàn)屏幕保護(hù)程序，母親不知道怎么把它關(guān)掉。turn off“關(guān)掉”。 9．A　根據(jù)空后的“and it didnt work”可推知，母親因?yàn)椴欢迷趺搓P(guān)掉屏幕保護(hù)程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一個(gè)鍵。 10．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者教母親稍微晃動(dòng)(shake)鼠標(biāo)即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。 11．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者是讓母親移動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)，喚醒電腦。wake up“喚醒”，符合語(yǔ)境。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母親聽(tīng)了作者的話就把鼠標(biāo)拿起來(lái)(pick up)，在空中搖晃。 13．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，母親不會(huì)玩電腦，拿著鼠標(biāo)亂晃，結(jié)果電腦屏幕(screen)全黑了。 14．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者被母親搞笑的行為(action)給逗樂(lè)了。 15．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者越笑，母親越生氣(angrier)。 16．A　根據(jù)空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身為老師的母親對(duì)作者教自己玩電腦這件事很有看法，認(rèn)為作者沒(méi)有耐心(impatient)。 17．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者幫助母親走出了害怕(fear)損壞東西的陰影，鼓勵(lì)母親再嘗試一下。 18．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。experiment“嘗試”，符合語(yǔ)境。 19．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，母親自己制作了一張賀卡(greeting card) ，對(duì)作者表示感謝。 20．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指卡片貼在了作者的門上。stick to...意為“粘/貼在……”。 二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞/副詞 ①dress up穿上盛裝；打扮；裝飾 ②turn up出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng) ③set off出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；使爆炸；引起 ④remind...of...使……想起…… 2．動(dòng)詞＋名詞(＋介詞) ①take place發(fā)生 ②keep one’s word 守信用；履行諾言 ③ hold one’s breath 屏息；屏氣 ④have fun with 玩得開(kāi)心 ⑤play a trick on 搞惡作??；詐騙；開(kāi)玩笑 3．其他形式 ①in memory of 紀(jì)念；追念 ②look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．I’m looking_forward_to meeting you next Sunday.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 2．Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings. (2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) 3．El Nio(厄爾尼諾)takes_place almost every year all over the world.(2016江蘇卷) 4．Once you have promised to do something，you should keep_your_word. 5．It’s already half past ten，but she hasn’t_turned_up yet. 6．The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in_memory_of the dead. ?“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋of”短語(yǔ)集錦 ①accuse sb.of 控告某人犯某罪，指責(zé)某人做某事 ②cure sb.of 治好某人某病 ③rid sb.of 使某人擺脫某物 ④cheat sb.of 欺騙某人某物 ⑤remind sb.of 使某人想起某事物 ⑥inform sb.of 通知某人某事 ⑦rob sb.of 搶劫某人某東西 ⑧warn sb.of 警告某人某事 ⑨convince sb.of 使某人確信某事 ⑩tell sb.of 和某人說(shuō)起某事 ?word 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)全接觸 ①keep one’s word 履行諾言 ②break one’s word 違背諾言 ③in other words 換句話說(shuō) ④in a/one word 總之 ⑤have a word with sb. 與某人交談 ⑥have words with sb. 和某人吵架 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那個(gè)時(shí)代，如果食物難以找到，特別是在寒冷的冬天，人們就會(huì)挨餓。 “主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式。 就我個(gè)人而言，這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難算出來(lái)。 As far as I’m concerned, this maths problem is_very_difficult_to_work_out. 2.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些節(jié)日，是為了紀(jì)念死者，或者使祖先得到滿足，因?yàn)樽嫦葌冇锌赡芑氐绞郎?給人們)提供幫助，也有可能帶來(lái)危害。 either...or...意為“或者……或者……”，在句中連接兩個(gè)相同的句子成分。 人們可以把它們當(dāng)作禮物送給朋友或者掛在自己家里。 People can either_give_them_as_gifts_to_friends_or hang them in their houses. 3.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... 很明顯，咖啡館的經(jīng)理在等李方離開(kāi)…… It＋be＋adj.＋that...，it 為形式主語(yǔ)。 很明顯你犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。下次要細(xì)心點(diǎn)！It_is_obvious_that you’ve made a serious mistake.Please be careful next time！ 4.While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. 她在人間遇到了牛郎，然后兩人相愛(ài)了。 while 意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，在句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 當(dāng)在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，他見(jiàn)到了這位歌手并與之成為了好朋友。 While_he_was_studying_in_the_university，he met with the singer and they became good friends. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall.In the fact，this happens in many place of interest. I had some suggestions to solve this problem. First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鴉)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine，is necessary to tourists with so bad behavior. Also，I think its helpfully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages. Im sure with our efforts，more and more people will bee concerning about protecting cultural relics. 【答案】　 Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public by writing on the Great Wall.In fact，this happens in many of interest.I some suggestions to solve this problem. First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鴉)．Besides，punishments，such as a fine， necessary to tourists with bad behavior. Also，I think its to put up some boards along the tourist attractions tourists can leave messages. Im sure with our efforts，more and more people will bee about protecting cultural relics. 第一處：angry→anger?？疾槊~。形容詞public修飾名詞，故用名詞形式。 第二處：刪除fact前的the。考查固定搭配。in fact為固定搭配，意為“事實(shí)上”，the多余。 第三處：place→places?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的many可知，名詞place應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第四處：had→have?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句陳述的是目前的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 第五處：public后加of/about?？疾榻樵~。inform sb.of/about sth.為固定搭配，表示“通知某人某事”。 第六處：is→are?？疾橹髦^一致。該句主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞punishments，故系動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。 第七處：so→such。考查限定詞。該句中behavior為不可數(shù)名詞，只能用such修飾。so用于“so＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 第八處：helpfully→helpful?？疾樾稳菰~。is為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 第九處：that→where?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為boards，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 第十處：concerning→concerned?？疾楣潭ù钆洹e/bee concerned about為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“關(guān)注……”。