2019高考英語一輪優(yōu)練題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1 Great Scientists (必修5　Unit 1) 【短文語法填空】 With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children 1 (allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is 2 relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer the whims(突發(fā)奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like 3 (adult) clothes, children’s clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years 4 , boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they 5 (reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy 6 (family) were then dressed in pretty velvet(絲絨) suits 7 lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length 8 longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same 9 (restrict)and unfortable outfits for everyday play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to 10 (wear) proper clothes in different occasions. 【文章大意】文章講述了在西方，孩子們服裝的發(fā)展，同時(shí)說明了著裝的注意事項(xiàng)。 1.are allowed 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。文章講述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語More children與allow構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填are allowed。 2.a 【解析】考查冠詞。此處指“一種比較新的趨勢”，relatively是輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。 3.adults 【解析】考查名詞。句意：如同成年人的衣服，孩子們的服裝也緊跟時(shí)尚。此處用名詞作定語。故填adults。 4.ago 【解析】考查副詞。“time+ago”指“多長時(shí)間之前”。故填ago。 5.reached 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“About 120 years ago”可知，謂語用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填reached。 6.families 【解析】考查名詞。此處指“來自富有家庭的大一點(diǎn)的男孩子”，根據(jù)事實(shí)邏輯，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。故填families。 7.with 8.or 【解析】考查連詞。此處指“他們的頭發(fā)到達(dá)肩部或者更長一些”。故填or。 9.restrictive 【解析】考查形容詞。與unfortable相并列，此處用形容詞來修飾名詞outfits。故填restrictive。 10.wearing 【解析】考查非謂語。短語pay attention to…中，to是介詞，后面跟名詞或動名詞。故填wearing。 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A “She was lost in her book.”“He couldn’t put the book down.”“I was on the edge of my seat.”These are all mon phrases that we may use to describe the experience we have when we read books.In the middle of a good book,we may feel as though we have left the real world behind. So how do our minds use the letters on the page to let us step into the shoes of our favorite characters and experience the events in a story?Recent studies show that the reason is because our minds really do pretend that we are actually participating in the story.Just like a flight simulator(模擬器) allows training pilots to practice flying a plane,stories seem to be a life simulator,allowing our minds to pretend they are doing all sorts of interesting activities.Let us take a look at some of these studies. In one set of studies,scientists presented the participants in their study with sentences like “The man saw the bird in the sky”and “The man saw the bird in the nest.”Participants in the study would read the sentences on a puter screen,and would then see an image on the screen that either matched or did not match the sentences.People would click a button faster when the sentence and image matched than when they did not match.Notice that there is nothing in the sentence that tells the participants in the study how the bird should look—both sentences simply say,“the bird”.So,when people are faster to respond to the matching image,we can conclude it is because of perceptual(感覺的) simulation. In new research,scientists are also beginning to find that difficulty creating these mental simulations is related to difficulty understanding and following stories that are longer and more detailed.So,for some children,not being able to see the stories in their minds may make it harder for them to keep track of everything that is going on and where,when and why it is going on.This means that this research is important,not only because it tells us something interesting about how our minds work but also because the findings could someday help teachers and parents find new ways to help children who are having difficulty with reading. 1.According to Paragraph 1,readers are likely to 　　　. A.get lost in a book B.forget what they have read C.have difficulty keeping reading D.get different feelings from the same book 2.A flight simulator is mentioned to 　　　. A.show the advantages of reading B.explain how to read more efficiently C.show the differences between reading and flying D.explain what happens in our minds while reading 3.What can we infer from the studies mentioned in Paragraph 3? A.Readers are good at matching. B.Readers prefer images to words. C.Readers are usually very imaginative. D.Readers create mental images while reading. 4.The research findings mentioned in the text may help 　　　. A.people read carefully for details B.people read short articles quickly C.those who find it difficult to read D.those who show no interest in reading B Many years ago，when we were a young couple with two small children，aged 2 and 4，we were practically impecunious.My inlaws lived from hand to mouth，so we didnt expect any help from them.My parents lived a great distance away，and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation. My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeepers，but it was constantly breaking down.It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed.The truck was also the only means of transportation for us. We lived in the countryside，and we always used the back door because the driveway led to it.One winter evening，I stepped outside to take a bag of trash to the barrel and almost tripped over something.It was nearly dark，and I had to bend down to see what it was.I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food. It was heavy，so I called my husband to carry it into the house.Once inside，we discovered two loaves of bread，some butter，several cans of vegetables，a can of orange sauce，and a large turkey.There was so much that I couldnt remember it all，but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinner—everything except potatoes. A little while later I remembered that I hadnt taken the trash to the barrel.By now it was dark，so I had to turn on the yard light—and thats when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch. That dinner was the best I could remember. We werent able to thank our donators，though，because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family.Whoever it was，we are forever grateful. 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious”in Paragraph 1? A．Generous. B．Harmonious. C．Penniless. D．Stubborn. 2．How did the authors husband support the family? A．By starting a garage. B．By selling food door to door. C．By delivering goods. D．By working as a shop assistant. 3．How did the author feel when she saw the basket? A．She was annoyed. B．She was astonished. C．She was terrified. D．She felt a sense of relief. 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．A helping hand in time B．A struggling young couple C．A tale of potatoes D．A reward from a stranger 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇焙驼煞蛴袃蓚€孩子，很多年前，我們生活貧困，但羞于將處境告訴父母。丈夫用一輛舊卡車送貨謀生。一天晚上，“我”在家門口發(fā)現(xiàn)一籃子豐盛的食物，那一餐令“我”終生難忘?！拔摇睂⒂肋h(yuǎn)感謝那位送食物給“我”家的人。 【難句分析】There was so much that I couldnt remember it all，but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinner—everything except potatoes. 分析：該句由but連接的兩個分句構(gòu)成，其中第一個分句用了so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“如此……以至于”；第二個分句中we needed to fix a wonderful dinner為省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything。 譯文：有如此多的東西以至于我都記不全了，但除了土豆，我們準(zhǔn)備一頓豐盛的晚餐所需要的東西都有了。 1．C　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“My parents lived a great distance away，and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation”可知，“我”的父母住在很遠(yuǎn)的地方，“我”羞于讓他們知道我們的處境；結(jié)合該段中的“when we were a young couple with two small children，aged 2 and 4，we were practically impecunious”可知，我們是有著兩個孩子的年輕夫妻，據(jù)此可以推知，我們的日子過得相當(dāng)貧窮，才會羞于讓遠(yuǎn)方的父母知道我們的情況。據(jù)此可以判斷，畫線詞意為“貧窮的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的，大方的”，B項(xiàng)意為“和諧的，和睦的”，D項(xiàng)意為“固執(zhí)的”，都與語境不符。 2．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句的“My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck，carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一輛舊卡車為當(dāng)?shù)氐牡曛魉拓浿\生，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food”可知，看到一籃子的食物，“我”幾乎不能相信自己的眼睛；據(jù)此可以判斷，作者很驚訝，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“她感到惱怒”，C項(xiàng)意為，“她感到害怕”，D項(xiàng)意為“她感到欣慰”，都與第三段最后兩句的語境不符。 4．A　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了“我”和丈夫有兩個孩子，生活貧困，但羞于將處境告訴父母。丈夫用一輛舊卡車送貨謀生。一天晚上，“我”在家門口發(fā)現(xiàn)一籃子豐盛的食物，那一餐令“我”終生難忘?！拔摇睂⒂肋h(yuǎn)感謝那位送食物給“我”家的人。據(jù)此可以判斷，A項(xiàng)最能概括文意，體現(xiàn)文章主旨，故A項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2016鄭州第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測) I had just started my second year studying at Cambridge University when I was faced with the news I had never expected.A lump in my neck 　1　 out to be cancer.I would 　2　 six months of chemotherapy(化療). After the shock,I was struck by this thought:my 　3　 didn’t have any room for cancer.I had so much I wanted to 　4　 and so many goals I wanted to chase. I was faced with the 　5　 job of telling my friends and family.Then,I had to decide whether to 　6　 in Cambridge and take five exams at the end of the year.My doctor 　7　 against it,and so did my parents and teachers. My doctors and teachers convinced me that taking some time off to 　8　 and relax would be the best thing for me.I could not think of anything 　9　.I did not want to 　10　 a year of my life,receiving pity from those around me. Together with my parents,I tried to persuade the university to 　11　 me to stay at Cambridge and study only half the course.At the end of the year I would take two exams.It was really a 　12　 to persuade them to agree. Treatment began and I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week.It made me feel 　13　,but to a much lesser degree than I had expected.I was 　14　 to read,eat and socialize exactly as I used to.I slept a lot and rested a lot,but I also worked hard at my studies.It gave me focus,and it also gave me purpose.pleting my 　15　 at the end of the term felt like a great personal victory. I took a 　16　 to continue studying while undergoing treatment,and it 　17　.I was successful in my exams—and more 　18　,I made a full recovery. Every person facing a disease like cancer must make the 　19　 that are right for them.I am 　20　 that I made the decision that was right for me. 1.A.stuck　　　　　　　 B.came C.turned D.worked 2.A.require B.expect C.sense D.arrange 3.A.body B.memories C.family D.dreams 4.A.face B.achieve C.show D.understand 5.A.necessary B.temporary C.difficult D.disappointing 6.A.join B.treat C.settle D.continue 7.A.fought B.advised C.acted D.decided 8.A.recover B.exercise C.study D.play 9.A.better B.worse C.more D.less 10.A.save B.spend C.take D.miss 11.A.help B.remind C.allow D.invite 12.A.struggle B.failure C.burden D.trouble 13.A.tired B.relaxed C.confident D.nervous 14.A.afraid B.ready C.able D.eager 15.A.purpose B.projects C.treatment D.exams 16.A.rest B.risk C.privilege D.job 17.A.ended up B.passed on C.paid off D.broke out 18.A.clearly B.interestingly C.specifically D.importantly 19.A.choices B.changes C.efforts D.chances 20.A.surprised B.excited C.determined D.proud Ⅲ. 短文改錯 (2016太原一模) Yesterday my friend Julia and me had lunch in the Pizza Hut behind our school.I knew Julia wasn’t crazy about pizzas,but she came along just because me.At the table next to ours,there were two guys from our class.One of them was real funny.He tried to imitate all the customer in the Pizza Hut.We couldn’t stop to laughing.And there were some people whom did not like the fact that two boys were imitating them.They plained to an owner of the Pizza Hut,so he came over and tell them to stop.Seeing it,Julia and I was greatly embarrassed. 考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(必修5　Unit 1) Ⅰ.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。研究表明,人們在閱讀時(shí)大腦會假裝正在參與書中的活動。 1.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段開頭的三個句子及段末的“...we may feel as though we have left the real world behind.”可知,讀者有可能沉迷于一本書中。 2.D　推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Just like a flight simulator(模擬器) allows training pilots to practice flying a plane...interesting activities...”可知,作者用飛行模擬器解釋人們在閱讀時(shí)大腦如何運(yùn)作。 3.D　推理判斷題。由第三段末的“...when people are faster to respond to the matching image,we can conclude it is because of perceptual simulation.”可推斷,讀者在閱讀時(shí),大腦會模擬書中的情景,使人有身臨其境的感覺,即讀者閱讀時(shí)會根據(jù)書中的內(nèi)容形成心智圖像。 4.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章末的“...the findings could someday help teachers and parents find new ways to help children who are having difficulty with reading.”可知。 Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為記敘文?！拔摇痹趧虼髮W(xué)讀書期間患上了癌癥,醫(yī)生和老師都建議“我”休學(xué)治療,但是“我”堅(jiān)持邊上學(xué)邊治療,最后“我”不僅順利通過了考試,也完全康復(fù)了。 1.C　根據(jù)后面的out to be cancer可知,“我”脖子上的腫塊原來是癌癥;turn out to be為固定搭配,意為“結(jié)果是,證明是”。 2.A　根據(jù)上句可知,“我”脖子上的腫塊是癌癥;因此,“我”需要化療。require意為“需要”,符合語境。 3.D　根據(jù)后面的“I had so much...I wanted to chase.”可知,“我”有許多夢想(dreams)要實(shí)現(xiàn)(achieve),有許多目標(biāo)要追尋,“我”的夢想里沒有什么空間可以放得下癌癥,故D項(xiàng)正確。 4.B　參照第3題解析。 5.C　根據(jù)后面的“job of telling my friends and family”并結(jié)合語境可知,“我”患上癌癥,將這個消息告訴朋友和家人是一件困難的(difficult)事。 6.D　根據(jù)后面的“...take five exams at the end of the year.”可知,此處表示這時(shí)“我”要決定是否要繼續(xù)(continue)在劍橋的學(xué)業(yè)。 7.B　醫(yī)生建議(advised)“我”不要繼續(xù)讀書。 8.A　醫(yī)生和老師都認(rèn)為休學(xué)對于“我”的康復(fù)(recover)和休息是最好的選擇。 9.B　根據(jù)語境可以判斷,“我”很想留在劍橋繼續(xù)上學(xué),故此處表示“我”想不到比休學(xué)更糟的(worse)事情了。 10.D　根據(jù)語境及后面的“receiving pity”可知,醫(yī)生建議“我”休學(xué),而“我”不想失去(miss)一年的大學(xué)時(shí)光。 11.C　“我”努力說服學(xué)校同意(allow)“我”繼續(xù)留在劍橋讀書。allow sb.to do sth.為固定搭配,意為“允許某人做某事”,故C項(xiàng)正確。 12.A　根據(jù)后面的“to persuade them to agree”可以判斷,說服學(xué)校接受“我”繼續(xù)讀書是一件難事(struggle)。 13.A　根據(jù)上句中的“...I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week.”可知,“我”每兩周就要從劍橋到倫敦來回顛簸接受治療;“我”感到很疲勞(tired)。 14.C　根據(jù)該句中的as I used to可以判斷,“我”跟從前一樣能夠(able)讀書、吃飯和社交。 15.D　根據(jù)上文第五段的倒數(shù)第二句“At the end of the year I would take two exams.”可知,“我”在年底要參加兩場考試;因此,在期末完成考試(exams)對于“我”來說就像是一個巨大的成功。 16.B　根據(jù)該句中的continue studying while undergoing treatment可以判斷,在治療過程中“我”繼續(xù)上學(xué),這是冒險(xiǎn)的(risk)。 17.C　根據(jù)下句中的I was successful in my exams可知,“我”考試成功了,“我”的努力終于奏效(paid off)了。end up意為“最終成為”,pass on意為“傳給”,break out意為“爆發(fā)”,都與語境不符。 18.D　根據(jù)后面的“I made a full recovery.”可知,更重要的是(importantly),“我”完全康復(fù)了。 19.A　通讀上文可知,“我”在是否休學(xué)去接受治療的問題上做出了正確的選擇(choices)。下文中的“...I made the decision that was right for me.”是提示。 20.D　根據(jù)該句中的“...that I made the decision that was right for me.”可以判斷,“我”對做出正確的選擇感到驕傲(proud)。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 　　Yesterday my friend Julia and meI had lunch in the Pizza Hut behind our school.I knew Julia wasn’t crazy about pizzas,but she came along just because me.At the table next to ours,there were two guys from our class.One of them was realreally funny.He tried to imitate all the customercustomers in the Pizza Hut.We couldn’t stop to laughing.AndBut there were some people whomwho did not like the fact that two boys were imitating them.They plained to anthe owner of the Pizza Hut,so he came over and telltold them to stop.Seeing it,Julia and I waswere greatly embarrassed.