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題組提分練32 Unit 2 Robots 限時(shí)35分鐘　 加黑體小題訓(xùn)練代詞指代題和句意理解題 閱讀理解A　(2018銀川一中聯(lián)考)　體裁：說(shuō)明文　話題：健康　難度：★★☆☆☆ Your chair is your enemy.(引入主題) It doesnt matter if you go running every morning, or youre a regular at the gym. If you spend most of the rest of the day sitting, you are putting yourself at increased chance of heart disease, cancers and an early death. In other words, even if you exercise energetically, sitting for long periods is bad for you. So whats wrong with sitting? One is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do. You burn more energy by chewing gum than you do sitting still in a chair. pared to sitting, standing in one place is hard work. To stand, you have to tense your leg muscles, and the muscles of your back and shoulders. While standing, you often change from leg to leg. All of this burns energy. For many people, weight gain is a matter of slow increase. Thus, a little more time on your feet today and tomorrow can easily make the difference between remaining thin and getting fat. So part of the problem with sitting a lot is that you dont use as much energy as those who spend more time on their feet. This makes it easier to gain weight, and makes you more likely to suffer from the health problems that fatness often brings. Some people have advanced solutions: replace your sitdown desk with a standup desk. Make sure that your television can only operate if you are practising on an exercise bike. Replace your office chair with a therapy (治療) ball: this too uses more muscles, and more energy, than a normal chair, because you have to support your back and work to keep balanced. But whatever you choose, know this. It is clear: be careful of your chair.(再次強(qiáng)調(diào)主題) 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　即使你每天跑步經(jīng)常鍛煉，久坐也會(huì)讓你體重逐漸增加，同時(shí)增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。記?。耗愕囊巫訉?duì)身體無(wú)益，少坐一會(huì)吧。 1．The main purpose of writing this passage is to ________. A. suggest sitting less B. advise exercising often C. avoid gaining weight D. escape standing more 答案與解析　A　寫(xiě)作意圖題。文章說(shuō)明久坐的害處和解決久坐問(wèn)題的辦法，目的就是建議人們少坐。故選項(xiàng)A正確。 2．From this passage, we know that ________. A. standing burns nearly as much energy as sitting still does B. taking exercise regularly but sitting more will do good C. less exercise will reduce the chance of having disease D. energyburning activities will help you enjoy good health 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知經(jīng)常鍛煉，但是久坐對(duì)身體不好，久坐會(huì)增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選項(xiàng)B、C錯(cuò)誤；第三段說(shuō)明站立消耗熱量，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明站立消耗的熱量和坐著不動(dòng)消耗的熱量相同，故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。故D項(xiàng)“消耗能量的活動(dòng)有益健康”正確。 3．The underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. A. gaining weight B. burning energy C. sitting too much D. standing more 答案與解析　C　代詞指代題。 第四段第三句說(shuō)明久坐的人比站立時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人耗費(fèi)的能量少。畫(huà)線詞所在句說(shuō)明這更容易造成肥胖，故This 指代Sitting too much。故選項(xiàng)C正確。 4．A therapy ball is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________. A. tell us to walk while working in the office B. suggest a way to settle the sitting problem C. support our back and keep us balanced D. provide a better cure for our backache 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句可知，治療球是一種解決辦法，故選項(xiàng)B正確。 詞匯微存?、賠egular n．?？?； ②advance vt.提出 閱讀技巧15　就近原則猜代詞——代詞指代題 指代詞匯的猜測(cè)(如閱讀第3小題)即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所指代的內(nèi)容。代詞所指代的內(nèi)容多在這一句的前面一句中，或前幾句中。解題時(shí)注意：①返回原文，找出出題的指代詞；②向上搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或句子(先從最近點(diǎn)開(kāi)始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會(huì)離得太遠(yuǎn))；③將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順。④將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，找出最佳答案。 常見(jiàn)代詞有：it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代特指的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子；these或those指代前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 　小題補(bǔ)練　 (2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ七選五片段) I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. __38(A)__ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with fortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. __39__ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ... A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly e to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 答案與解析　F　解此題可運(yùn)用代詞線索法。一方面，利用代詞指代關(guān)系，空白處后面的句子里提到的We指代的是選項(xiàng)里面的my family。另一方面，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)說(shuō)，聯(lián)系上下文，上文提到的是野營(yíng)的過(guò)程，該空后面提到的具體做法表現(xiàn)出了“我們”對(duì)野營(yíng)的熱愛(ài)，由此可推知空白處表示野營(yíng)結(jié)束之后的態(tài)度。弄清楚代詞We的指代，對(duì)解答此題非常重要。 閱讀理解B　(2018安陽(yáng)一模)　體裁：記敘文　話題：學(xué)校生活　難度：★★★☆☆ 　　　　　　　　　　　　 The summer before seventh grade our family moved and I said goodbye to everything that was familiar. For my parents it was a good thing because it meant owning a home for the first time. But it meant that Id have to change schools and that put some butterflies in my_stomach. 　　　　　 On the first day of school, kids jammed the school grounds. Thats when I met Barbara. We made a nervous conversation and soon learned we were in the same class. She was funny and we had a lot in mon. But she was very critical of others and sometimes of me. She made fun of my bushy hair, my big glasses and the clothes I wore. But it seemed as though the things we had in mon were more important than the annoyances.(Barbara雖和作者有許多共同點(diǎn)，有趣但言辭尖刻。be critical of“挑剔”) The girls in the “popular” crowd had also been exposed to her sharp tongue. One day, one of the girls approached me while I gathered my books. “We really like you，” she said, “The only way you can play with us, though, is if you keep your distance from Barbara.” Were those girls only trying to make trouble between the two of us? Would they watch me dump (拋棄) Barbara and then dump me for laughs? From the corner of my eye I found two of the other girls from the group. They were watching me and giggling (咯咯地笑). I wondered if I was cool enough for them. I didnt want to make the choice they were forcing me to make. So I shook my head and said, “I dont think so. I like Barbara and were good friends.” Then I gathered my books and ran away. Even though Barbara still annoyed me at times, I knew Id done the right thing. Id made my own decision about a girl who had befriended me when I badly needed a friend. When she moved the following year I missed her friendship terribly. But what I kept has never left me—my self-respect. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　作者到了一個(gè)新的學(xué)校并結(jié)交了新朋友。在此期間，作者在與其他同學(xué)的交往中做出了正確的選擇保持了自尊。 5．What does the underlined phrase mean? A. Got me to feel more excited. B. Left me in a state of desire. C. Brought me more expectation. D. Made me have a nervous feeling. 答案與解析　D　句意理解題。第一段敘述作者搬家并離開(kāi)自己熟悉的一切，還要去新學(xué)校，故心情應(yīng)該是緊張的，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 6．What do we know about Barbara? A. She was a girl with a sharp tongue. B. She was popular with kids at school. C. She offered others help in critical moments. D. She was very critical of her own dress. 答案與解析　A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“been exposed to her sharp tongue”可知，芭芭拉說(shuō)話尖刻，故選項(xiàng)A正確。 7．What was the writer asked to do by one girl? A. To join the “popular” crowd. B. To end her friendship with Barbara. C. To invite Barbara to hang out with them. D. To pretend to be cool in the “popular” crowd. 答案與解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“keep your distance from Barbara”可知，一個(gè)女孩要求作者遠(yuǎn)離芭芭拉即終止與芭芭拉之間的友誼，故B項(xiàng)正確。 8．What lesson did the writer learn from her experience? A. Keep far away from the “popular” group. B. Avoid making friends with an annoying person. C. Keep self-respect in making your own decisions. D. Share mon interest with your friends. 答案與解析　C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知作者做出自己的決定保持和芭芭拉之間的友誼并保持了自尊，故選項(xiàng)C正確。 閱讀技巧16　意義吻合定句意——句意理解題 句意理解題要求學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀文章，用合適的語(yǔ)句對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述。①返回原文，找到該句，首先理解句子前后的語(yǔ)境，其次對(duì)此句在文章中的意思進(jìn)行合理的推斷，最后再歸納總結(jié)；②一般說(shuō)來(lái)，正確選項(xiàng)的意思與原句的意思完全相同，只是換了一種表達(dá)方式。 閱讀理解C　(2018湖北穩(wěn)派教育聯(lián)考)　體裁：說(shuō)明文　話題：科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)　難度：★★★☆☆ Selfdriving cars are so popular that the University of Michigan has even established a town called Mcity to allow car manufacturers to safely test their autonomous cars. While Mcity can be used to simulate (模擬) many reallife road conditions, it cannot help test gestures drivers use to municate their intention to other drivers，pedestrians or cyclists. To find a solution, US car manufacturer Ford, with researchers from Virginia Tech, initially considered using text as a way to municate the cars intention, but decided it would probably not work universally. The option of using symbols was also discarded, because research shows that a majority of people do not have a good understanding of what they mean.(they指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞，利用就近原則可判斷出they指代symbols) 　Finally, the researchers settled on light signals. A white light warned that there were no humans in the car. A slow blinking one indicated that the car was ing to a stop, while a rapidly flashing light cautioned passersby that the car was about to accelerate.(利用speed up替換accelerate) Then came the big challenge—testing the signals on real roads.“We needed to try out this new lighting to municate the intention of the vehicle, but if youve got a driver behind the seat, you still have natural munication between humans，” said Andy Shaudt, who led the Virginia Tech research team.“So we needed to make it look like a driverless car.” The team designed a car seat costume (服裝) that the driver would wear to cover his/her face and upper body. Of course, the drivers could see very clearly. The researchers then equipped the car with cameras to capture human reactions to a light bar on the windshield (擋風(fēng)玻璃), which flashed one of the three signals when appropriate. Six drivers, all keeping their hands low on the wheel so as not to be detected, took turns to test driving the car through the busy streets. The overall reaction to the flashing lights was very encouraging. Who knew costumes could be useful for more than Halloween? 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇科普文。目前世界上各大汽車制造廠商競(jìng)相開(kāi)發(fā)無(wú)人駕駛汽車， 為此Michigan大學(xué)還專門建造了無(wú)人汽車測(cè)試城。測(cè)試城能模擬很多真實(shí)路面狀況，但卻無(wú)法測(cè)試司機(jī)向路面人群傳遞行車意圖的姿勢(shì)。福特公司彌補(bǔ)了這個(gè)缺憾，他們?cè)趯?shí)際路面測(cè)試了用燈光信號(hào)來(lái)表達(dá)汽車的行駛意圖，收到了良好效果。 9．What did the team first consider using as a way to municate the cars intention? A. Light. B. Language. C. Symbols. D. Sound. 答案與解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，這個(gè)研究小組最初考慮用文本(文字語(yǔ)言)來(lái)表達(dá)汽車的行車意圖。 10．The underlined word“they”in the second paragraph refers to ________. A. symbols B. drivers C. researchers D. flashes 答案與解析　A　代詞指代題。根據(jù)前半句的“The option of using symbols was also discarded”可以判斷they在此指的是“符號(hào)”。 11．What does a rapidly flashing light mean? A. The car was ing to a stop. B. There was no driver in the car. C. The car was about to speed up. D. The car was about to slow down. 答案與解析　C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“a rapidly flashing light cautioned passers-by that the car was about to accelerate”可知，燈光快速閃爍表明汽車馬上要加速行駛了。 12．The car seat costume was intended to ________. A. amuse the driver B. attract the pedestrians C. warn the cyclists D. confuse the people 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段對(duì)汽車座椅服裝和司機(jī)開(kāi)車時(shí)雙手位置的介紹，結(jié)合第四段最后一句話可知，這套汽車座椅服裝是用來(lái)迷惑人們的，使人們以為這是一輛無(wú)人駕駛的汽車。 閱讀七選五　(2018哈三中質(zhì)檢)　體裁：說(shuō)明文　話題：人際關(guān)系　難度：★★☆☆☆ A. Having a right person means a lot. B. Difficulties are everywhere in your life. C. Parents taught you to stop a bad habit. D. Sometimes you just want to hear an encouraging word. E. You need to learn to give help in the right way. F. And you can also remember times when you helped others. G. There are also times when you need the extra help that a professional can provide. 答案與解析　 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　如果在生活中遇到壓力或困難，和他人分享可能會(huì)找到更好的解決辦法。 1．A　空后一句中的關(guān)鍵詞right person暗示選項(xiàng)A正確。 2．D　該段說(shuō)明得到和給予幫助的方法?？蘸笠痪涮岬絆ther times, 故該空應(yīng)用sometimes與此呼應(yīng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　空前一句說(shuō)明朋友給自己的幫助，空后一句說(shuō)明老師給予的幫助，故空處應(yīng)說(shuō)明父母給予的幫助，故選項(xiàng)C正確。 4．F　空后一句說(shuō)明幫助遇到困難的同學(xué)，故選項(xiàng)F “你會(huì)記得你幫助他人的時(shí)候”，符合語(yǔ)境。 5．G　空后兩句提到的是醫(yī)生和會(huì)計(jì)所提供的專業(yè)的幫助，故選項(xiàng)G中的關(guān)鍵詞professional “專業(yè)人士”與此呼應(yīng)。 詞匯微存?、賑onsult vt.咨詢； ②give a hand to sb.幫助某人