2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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必修四Unit 1　Women of achievement 【短文語法填空】 Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma. Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year, 25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africa’s top musicians decided to attend. The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust. Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and other young people wanted to change the image of Goma. Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了剛果民主共和國一個(gè)長期戰(zhàn)亂的城市戈馬，年輕人為了和平幾經(jīng)努力終于辦成音樂節(jié)的事。 1.has been linked 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)和戰(zhàn)爭聯(lián)系在一起數(shù)年了。 2.violence 【解析】考查名詞。介詞of后面應(yīng)用名詞形式。 3.for 【解析】考查介詞。for表示＂為……＂。句意：一個(gè)年輕人團(tuán)體為了和平在剛果民主共和國組織了一次音樂節(jié)。 4.eastern 【解析】考查形容詞。修飾名詞city應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。 5.because 【解析】考查連詞。第一次音樂節(jié)被取消是因?yàn)镚oma遭受襲擊。 6.when 【解析】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)哈比博來表演時(shí)，人群沸騰了。when表示＂當(dāng)……時(shí)＂，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 7.forming 8.organizers 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：Vianney Bisimwa是音樂節(jié)的其中一個(gè)組織者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填organizers。 9.its 【解析】考查代詞。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞。 10.a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：這給了人們一次表達(dá)感情的機(jī)會(huì)。chance是可數(shù)名詞，這里表示一次機(jī)會(huì)，故前面要加a。 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①refer vi.談到；查閱；參考 ②respect vi.&n.尊敬；尊重 ③deliver vt.遞送；接生；發(fā)表演說等 ④crowd n．人群；觀眾vt.擠滿；使擁擠 ⑤behave vt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；舉止或行為表現(xiàn) behaviour n．行為；舉止；習(xí)性 ⑥observe vt. 觀察；觀測；遵守 observation n．觀察；觀測 ⑦argue vt.&vi討論；辯論；爭論 argument n．爭論；爭辯；爭吵 ⑧support n．&vt.支持；擁護(hù) supporter n．支持者 ⑨intend vt.計(jì)劃；打算 intention n．計(jì)劃；打算 ⑩entertainment n．款待；娛樂 entertain vt.使誤樂 ?inspire vt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示 inspiration n．鼓舞；靈感 2．?？荚~匯 ①shade n. 蔭；陰涼處 vt. 遮住光線 ②campaign n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役 vi. 作戰(zhàn)；參加運(yùn)動(dòng) ③project n. 項(xiàng)目；工程；規(guī)劃 ④emergency n. 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況 ⑤childhood n. 童年；幼年時(shí)代 ⑥modest adj. 謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的 ⑦specialist n. 專家；專業(yè)工作者 special adj. 特殊的 specially adv. 專門地；特別地 ⑧connection n. 連接；關(guān)系 connect vt. 連接 ⑨organization n. 組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體 organize vt. 組織 ⑩considerate adj. 考慮周到的 consideration n. 考慮；體諒 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．When considering (consider) a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.(2017江蘇卷) 2．Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment (entertain) aspect of the music has been lost.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 3．But the World Bank has included the project (project) on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．(2017江蘇卷) 4．It’s an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations (organize)．(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 5．It all begins here，by signing up to join an organization (organize)．(2016浙江卷) 6．Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood (child)．(2016天津卷) 7．Children may learn the rules of language by observing (observe) their parents’behaviors.(2016浙江卷) 8．Every day in our work，we are_inspired (inspire) by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.(2016四川卷) 9．Begin making the valuable connections (connect) that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.(2016浙江卷) 10．The journey was_intended (intend) to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) ?“鼓舞，激勵(lì)”家族 ①inspire vt. 鼓舞；激發(fā) ②encourage vt.鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì) ③motivate vt.激發(fā)，激勵(lì) ④prompt vt. 鼓勵(lì)，促使 ⑤spirit up 鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì) ?后綴-ment 構(gòu)成的抽象名詞一覽 ①achievement 成就；功績 ②adjustment 調(diào)整 ③advertisement 廣告 ④agreement 協(xié)議 ⑤amusement 娛樂，消遣 ⑥announcement 宣布 ⑦appointment 約定 ⑧argument 爭論 ⑨arrangement 安排 ⑩astonishment 驚訝 ?punishment 懲罰 ?amazement 驚異，驚愕 ?后綴-hood 構(gòu)成的名詞薈萃 ①adulthood 成年 ②childhood 童年 ③boyhood 少年時(shí)代 ④brotherhood 手足之情 ⑤manhood 男子氣概 ⑥parenthood 父母身份；親子關(guān)系 ⑦neighborhood 鄰里；社區(qū)；街坊 【完形填空】 A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers __1__ thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 __2__ ride. I had __3__ into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick roundtrip from and back to the airport.A __5__ taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to __6__ the passenger door for me and made sure I was __7__ seated before he closed the door.As he got in the drivers seat，he __8__ that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use.He then showed me several __9__ and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. I could not believe the __10__ I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say，“__11__ you take great pride in your work.You must have a __12__ to share.” “You bet，” he __13__，“I used to be in Corporate America.But I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I __14__ to find my right position in life，where I could feel __15__ of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full days work and done it __16__.So I chose to bee a __17__.One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.__18__，to be great in my business，I have to go __19__ the customers expectations！” The taxi driver taught me a great life __20__：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others. 1．A.offer　　　　 B．charge C．pay D．a(chǎn)fford 2．A.taxi B．bus C．car D．train 3．A.driven B．flown C．ran D．cycled 4．A.hope B．purpose C．plan D．choice 5．A.private B．rough C．slow D．clean 6．A.open B．lock C．push D．shut 7．A.silently B．fortably C．tightly D．casually 8．A.declared B．concluded C．found D．mentioned 9．A.pictures B．maps C．tapes D．books 10．A.service B．gift C．invitation D．a(chǎn)dvice 11．A.Actually B．Obviously C．Gradually D．Suddenly 12．A.chance B．secret C．story D．ride 13．A.whispered B．a(chǎn)rgued C．sighed D．replied 14．A.decided B．promised C．happened D．hesitated 15．A.careful B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．curious 16．A.early B．rapidly C．cautiously D．well 17．A.driver B．director C．client D．speaker 18．A.Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Perhaps 19．A.against B．within C．over D．beyond 20．A.method B．experience C．lesson D．standard 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了一名出租車司機(jī)給作者上了一堂關(guān)于如何達(dá)到客戶滿意和期望的課。 【難句分析】One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers. 分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。I know for sure是定語從句。 譯文：有一件事我可以肯定，那就是想要做好生意，我就必須要滿足我的乘客的期望。 　　【核心詞匯】corporate adj.公司的　client n．客戶 precious adj.珍貴的　extra adj.額外的 1．B　根據(jù)空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，勵(lì)志演講家的培訓(xùn)是要收費(fèi)的。charge表示“收費(fèi)”，符合語境。 2．A　根據(jù)文章第一句“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，出租車司機(jī)收作者12美元。 3．B　根據(jù)第二段第二句的“Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick aroundtrip from and back to the airport”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)是乘飛機(jī)去的。 4．C　根據(jù)語境可知，時(shí)間很珍貴，作者的計(jì)劃中包括往返機(jī)場的旅程。 5．D　根據(jù)下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租車很干凈。 6．A　結(jié)合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司機(jī)趕快跑過來給作者開車門。 7．B　根據(jù)語境可推知，該司機(jī)注重乘客的滿意度，所以他一定確保作者乘坐舒適。 8．D　根據(jù)語境可推知，司機(jī)向乘客提醒有雜志可看。mention“提到”。 9．C　根據(jù)空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司機(jī)給作者拿出幾盤音樂磁帶讓他選擇。 10．A　根據(jù)空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者對(duì)出租車司機(jī)提供的服務(wù)非常吃驚，不敢相信。receive the service“接受服務(wù)”。 11．B　由空后的“You must have a __12__ to share”以及語境可推知，顯而易見，作者認(rèn)為出租車司機(jī)為自己的工作自豪。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的“to share”以及語境可推知，此處表示有故事分享。 13．D　根據(jù)語境可知，司機(jī)回應(yīng)了作者的推斷。 14．A　根據(jù)空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司機(jī)決定行動(dòng)起來，找到生活中合適的位置而不是一味地想想。 15．B　根據(jù)第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司機(jī)想做到最好并為自己的工作自豪。 16．D　根據(jù)語境可推知，司機(jī)想把工作做好。 17．A　根據(jù)語境可知，他決定轉(zhuǎn)行當(dāng)一名司機(jī)。 18．C　根據(jù)語境可知，上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However“然而”。 19．D　根據(jù)文章最后一句“Go an extra mile when providing any service to others”可知，要想做到最好，就要多為客戶考慮，超出客戶的期望。beyond“超出”。 20．C　根據(jù)文章開頭“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，此處表示司機(jī)給作者上了生動(dòng)的一課。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞/副詞 ①move off 離開；出發(fā) ②crowd in (想法、問題等) 涌上心頭；涌入腦海 ③refer to 查閱；參考；談到 ④e across (偶然) 遇見；碰見 ⑤carry on 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持 ⑥care for 照顧，照看；喜愛 2．其他形式 ①by chance 碰巧；湊巧 ②lead a．.. life 過著……的生活 ③be intended for 打算給……用 ④look down upon/on 蔑視；瞧不起 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry_on,_and they would catch up with him soon.(2017浙江卷) 2．When walking down the street，I came_across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years.(2016天津卷) 3．She has a mental toughness that did not e about by_chance.(2016江蘇卷) 4．I’m always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.(2016天津卷) 5．Seeing that we had noticed him，the little boy moved_off slowly. “動(dòng)詞＋on”必備短語一覽 ①carry on 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持 ②keep on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn)/工作 ③live on 繼續(xù)存在，靠……為生 ④go on 前進(jìn)，繼續(xù) ⑤move on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn) ⑥insist on 堅(jiān)持 ⑦pass on 傳遞 ⑧get on 上車 ⑨hand on 傳送 ⑩rely on 依靠，依賴 ?decide on 決定，選定 ?depend on 依靠，依賴 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母親頭幾個(gè)月來幫她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃 only 在句首修飾作狀語的副詞或介詞短語時(shí)，句子要倒裝。 俗話說，熟能生巧。只有這樣我們才能提高我們的英語口語。 Practice makes perfect，as the saying goes.Only_in_this_way_can_we_improve our spoken English. 2.Once I stop，it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。 once 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“一旦……就……”。 一旦學(xué)會(huì)了利用失敗，那么失敗就能為你的生活做出積極的貢獻(xiàn)。 Failure can make a positive contribution to your life once_you_learn_to_make_use_of_it. 3.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 我突然想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么難。 “It hits/hit sb.＋從句”表示“某人突然想起……”。 我突然想到我把護(hù)照落在廚房的桌子上了。 It_suddenly_hit_me_that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen. 4.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 進(jìn)一步的閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進(jìn)了醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。 It is/was...that/who...強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世紀(jì)初他的音樂才能才被完全認(rèn)可。 Bach died in 1750，but it_was_not_until_the_early_19th_century_that his musical gift was fully recognized. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Dear Lisa， Im glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work，that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in these activities. Yours， Li Ming 【答案】　 Dear Lisa， Im glad to receive your letter about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work， makes us realize how hard work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We out to the streets to collect or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need make our hometown a lot more beautiful. We find pleasure in these activities. Yours， Li Ming 第一處：asked→asking。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。我很高興收到你詢問中國學(xué)生目前的假日生活的來信。ask和其邏輯主語letter之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。 第二處：take→takes?？疾橹髦^一致。學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂仍然占據(jù)了我們大部分的時(shí)間。此處是together with連接的名詞在句中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與句子原來的主語Learning保持一致，即應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)，故改為takes。 第三處：that→which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此外，我們經(jīng)常幫助我們的父母做家務(wù)或者干農(nóng)活，這使我們意識(shí)到他們每天工作得多努力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的整個(gè)句子，故用which。注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 第四處：we→they?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指代的是上文中的“our parents”，故應(yīng)用they。 第五處：在active前加an?？疾楣谠~。同時(shí)，我們積極參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)，比如志愿工作。take an active part in為習(xí)慣用法，表示“積極參加……”。 第六處：went→go?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。我們?nèi)ソ稚鲜占蛘呷メt(yī)院安慰生病的孩子們。全文的基本時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 第七處：rubbishes→rubbish?？疾槊~。rubbish表示“垃圾”，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故改為rubbish。 第八處：or→and?？疾檫B詞。由語境可知，此處表示并列的順承關(guān)系，故用and表示“和，與”。or表示選擇關(guān)系，意為“或，或者”。 第九處：去掉of?？疾楣潭ù钆洹４颂幹甘刮覀兊募亦l(xiāng)變得更加美麗。根據(jù)句中的“more”可知，此處修飾比較級(jí)，故應(yīng)用a lot。a lot of表示“許多”，修飾名詞。 第十處：greatly→great?？疾楦痹~。在這些活動(dòng)中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了極大的樂趣。此處修飾名詞pleasure，故應(yīng)用形容詞。