2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Science and nature課下作業(yè)（一-三）（含解析）牛津譯林版必修5.doc

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必修5 Unit 3 課下作業(yè)（一~三） 課下作業(yè)（一） 考點(diǎn)過關(guān)針對練 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．This report offered the most specific and accurate (準(zhǔn)確的) description of the problems. 2．We are studying to prove this point, and it has initially been confirmed (證實(shí))． 3．Will you do me a favour (幫忙) and tell me how the Internet works? 4．Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting (指揮) an opera. 5．John was adopted (收養(yǎng)) as a baby; he never knew his natural parents. 6．Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences (結(jié)果), so do be careful. 7．We are looking for someone who is reliable (可靠的) and hardworking. 8．In no case should we sacrifice principles for economic profits (利潤)． 9．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority (大多數(shù)) of the mittee members are against it. 10．This poem fully expresses the authors love for the ordinary (普通的) people and hatred for the ruling class. 11．The movie transformed (使改變) her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a superstar. 12．I cant make that decision for you, so you will have to use your judgement (判斷力)． 13．Careful consideration (考慮) should be given to issues of health and safety. 14．Its better for the government to attach more importance to the original (首創(chuàng)的) inventions of all kinds. 15．He received the news of his fathers sickness with great anxiety (焦慮)． Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)． 2．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures. 3．Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it. 4．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children. 5．The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students. 6．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks. 7．He is a doctor and expects his son to follow_in his footsteps. 8．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to_get (get) help from you. 9．On the one hand, I am your teacher; but on the other hand, I am also your friend. 10．If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)． Ⅲ.單句改錯 1．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into 2．The same cognitive (認(rèn)知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been 3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened 4．Strictly speaking, you shouldnt enter the lab without the permission. 去掉第二個the 5．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二個is→are 6．In one word, everyone in our group does well in the activity.In a consequence, we are elected as the model group this term.去掉a或a前的In→As 7．Dont set the old worker the heavy task.For one thing hes old; for other thing hes in poor health.other→another 8．No one put forward anything better than the plan now under the consideration.去掉第二個the 9．Its very kind of you to do a favour to me by letting me get out of trouble.第二個to→for Ⅳ.翻譯句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．所有出席會議的人都贊成該計(jì)劃。(in favour of) All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan. 2．他們恐嚇那個小男孩以使他說出秘密。(frighten sb. into ) They_frightened_the_little_boy_into_telling_them_the_secret. 3．我遺憾地告訴你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss) I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you. 4．我們每個人都要有夢想，并且要對夢想采取積極樂觀的態(tài)度。(adopt a positive attitude) Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams. 5．他寫了這封信，打算征求一些意見。(with the intention of) He_wrote_the_letter_with_the_intention_of_asking_for_some_advice. 6．The mountainous country is so beautiful that I cant describe. →The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe. 7．How exciting! I have watched the most exciting match. →How exciting! I have never watched a more exciting match before. 課下作業(yè)（二） 話題閱讀培優(yōu)練 Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空 When it es to cloning, peoples ideas ?differ (different). Some people are in favour of its ?development (develop), for they believe it will be bound to benefit us. Firstly, cloning technology can be used in agriculture，which can prevent the ?diseases (disease) caused by pests, and can improve the produce. Furthermore, we can also employ cloning to protect the endangered animals, which is ?beneficial (benefit) to human beings. Moreover, cloning technology can be used in medicine ?to_treat (treat) illnesses，which is bound to save many sick people. On the contrary, others feel cast down because they think it is not ?morally (moral) reasonable; besides, they think it also breaks the gender balance and the ?balance_of_nature (自然平衡). So they have a strong ?objection (object) to it. However, many countries have got down to it and obtained great ?breakthroughs (breakthrough) actually. So we are unable to resist it. In my opinion, cloning will pay off on condition that all undertake to use it properly in spite of its disadvantages (disadvantage)． Ⅱ.片段選詞填空 treat， inject ...into， cure， successful， procedure， benefit， supporter， damage， industrialised， bine ...with， aging process， in terms of， run out of， be free of There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to ?benefit_humans. Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading ?supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to pletely change the ?aging_process because of what we learn from cloning. Scientists believe that they may be able to ?treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and ?injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other ?industrialised countries. There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace ?damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By ?bining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will ?be_free_of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned. Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in_terms_of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run_out_of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible. 課下作業(yè)（三） 高考語篇提能練 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019廣州綜合測試)Its no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the world — but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you. Highly Sensitive Highly sensitive people may be more unfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset about an ineffective or a poor workout, says researcher Elaine Aron. For such people, individual or nonpetitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal. Type A Personality Type A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach” to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super petitive. However, this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury. To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their body, especially when they are in pain. Type B Personality This laidback group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals, especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious. Type B individuals succeed in creative and cooperative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect. Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了人的性格影響體育鍛煉項(xiàng)目的選擇。 1．Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports? A．They will feel like they are being evaluated. B．They dont like socializing with other people. C．They dont consider themselves to be athletic. D．They fear theyll be let down by their teammates. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜歡參加團(tuán)體運(yùn)動課程或團(tuán)隊(duì)體育運(yùn)動的原因是他們覺得他們的每一個動作都會被觀察到而被別人評頭論足。據(jù)此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。 2．Type A people can be best described as ________. A．mitted　　　　　　　　 B．flexible C．independent D．sensitive 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)Type A Personality部分中的“This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super petitive”可知，這種性格的人會堅(jiān)守他們的計(jì)劃；A項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To help people understand what personality type they are. B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits. C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise. D．To describe different types of workouts that are available today. 解析：選B　寫作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句可知，本文主要論述了人的性格影響體育鍛煉項(xiàng)目的選擇，并介紹了不同性格的人的體育鍛煉習(xí)慣。據(jù)此可知，本文旨在解釋性格是如何影響人的體育鍛煉習(xí)慣的，故B項(xiàng)正確。 B (2019武漢模擬)For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe.I hurried up during this process. One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you？” he asked. “Dont you get your creative thoughts from the same place？” “Im in and out in a hurry，” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste！” “What a pity，” he said. “Thats the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts e from there！” I tried it out.I slowed down the whole process, started enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years. A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax.She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away.Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good，” she said, “but I dont need it.” “But its a 70minute video，” the woman replied. “You couldnt have watched the whole thing.” “Yes, I did，” her friend said. “I put it in fastforward！” A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness.We hurry through work.We swallow fast food.We plain that we dont have enough time.We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and ment, “Oh, how the years flew by！” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast. Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, poor work performance and even disease.Some people dont survive it.Whats the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過敘述“我”在一次聚會與一位藝術(shù)家朋友談及洗澡的時間問題，向我們介紹了21世紀(jì)存在的一個主要的社會問題是匆忙癥，從而告訴我們：生命是如此短暫和珍貴，我們必須好好地慢下來生活。 4．What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend? A．Time was saved.　　 B．Nothing was missed. C．Great ideas flew away. D．Creative thoughts came. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“his idea came while he was having a shower”和“Dont you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”可知，在那位藝術(shù)家朋友的眼里，在洗澡時會產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造性的想法。 5．What was the trouble with the womans friend? A．She felt stressed. B．She found the tape useless. C．She found no way to relax. D．She watched the tape too fast. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from”可知，那位女士的朋友感到壓力很大。 6．What is the major social trouble people face in the 21st century in the writers eyes? A．People run fast to work. B．Everything is done in a hurry. C．People dont have enough time. D．Time flies without being noticed. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness”可知，在作者看來，21世紀(jì)人們面臨的一個主要的社會問題是一切都是匆匆忙忙的。 7．How can the problem be settled? A．By slowing down. B．By learning to survive. C．By developing friendship. D．By performing good work. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句可知，我們可以通過放慢腳步來解決這個問題。 C (2019成都診斷)Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有機(jī)的) fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more plex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides. Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers. Its true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it es to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the parison gets plex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (殺蟲劑), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isnt a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert. In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, theres not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, theres no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health. Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability. But if you cant afford to buy organic produce, dont stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要介紹了有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的一些情況。 8．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Dangers. B．Drawbacks. C．Benefits. D．Differences. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，雖然有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺點(diǎn)。再結(jié)合語境和下文陳述的有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的缺點(diǎn)可以判斷，畫線詞應(yīng)指有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不好的一面，B項(xiàng)意為“缺點(diǎn)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。 9．Which key factor makes it hard to pare organic farming with conventional farming when it es to environmental concerns? A．The yield. B．The price. C．The water loss. D．The labor. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，當(dāng)涉及諸如溫室氣體排放和水資源損失等環(huán)境問題時，比較傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就困難了；且根據(jù)第三段的其他內(nèi)容可知，雖然有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)相比更可持續(xù)，但因?yàn)椴荒苁褂没蚬こ碳夹g(shù)、殺蟲劑及其他提高效率的方法，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)量相對低，故產(chǎn)量是使得兩者之間的比較變得困難的重要因素。A項(xiàng)意為“產(chǎn)量”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 10．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with? A．Farmers work environment should be improved. B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently. C．It isnt wise for consumers to buy organic products. D．The pesticide remainder do no harm to peoples health. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技術(shù)和殺蟲劑等，有機(jī)農(nóng)場的產(chǎn)量估計(jì)會比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場的產(chǎn)量低19%至25%。據(jù)此可以判斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)提高有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率，故B項(xiàng)正確。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。 11．In the authors opinion, why should we support organic produce? A．Its environmentally friendly. B．Its more nutritious. C．It helps keep the variety of plants. D．Its safer for consumers. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，有機(jī)農(nóng)場為工人提供更安全的工作環(huán)境，而且有機(jī)農(nóng)場有助于保持生物的多樣性。據(jù)此可以判斷，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)提倡有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的原因之一是能保持生物的多樣性，故C項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019太原模擬)Tofu is a delicacy that transcends (超越) many foods, and a simple dish that can be cooked in various forms and flavors. From sweet to smelly, from China to Japan and beyond — this basic ingredient made from soybeans has bee a historic staple throughout Asia. __1__. It was only after a bowl of warm doufuhua, the local tofu pudding, that I saw just how much food plays a part in the citys longing for the past. “Tofu pudding is not just a pudding. __2__，” says Renee, the fourthgeneration owner of Kung Wo Beancurd Factory, a tofu shop in the heart of Hong Kongs old town. Rewind to about 60 years ago, when the neighborhood was home to a busy shipping port. Dock workers would head straight to Kung Wo for some soy milk after a hard days work. __3__. It was often open until the early hours of the morning to draw the cinemagoers from the theatre nearby for a sweet with their sweeties. “In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place. __4__. People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap，” she says. “Now we have lots of different types of desserts to choose from, but its funny that people still want to find something more original.” As we sat down to take a spoonful of our tofu pudding, a couple sat at the table next to ours. They told us they were visiting from Canada but grew up here in Hong Kong, and always came for a bowl of Kung Wos tofu pudding on their visits. “When we were young, we didnt have McDonalds. __5__. For us its also fort food and its what we love too.” A．It is the only childhood memory for us B．Renee has a secret recipe that is passed on in her family C．People also see it as something related to their childhood D．Renee says back then the shop was a popular night date spot as well E．In Hong Kong, tofu plays another important role — its fort food F．At that time there was no choice for desserts like cheesecake or ice cream G．Soybeans stay up to 10 hours in water before they are softened and made into tofu 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了豆腐這種食物以及香港的一家豆腐商店——Kung Wo Beancurd Factory。 1．解析：選E　根據(jù)空處后一句中的“plays a part”可知，空處表達(dá)的意思是在香港，豆腐起到的另一個重要的作用——是使人感覺放松的安慰食物。故選E項(xiàng)。 2．解析：選C　根據(jù)空處前一句“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding”可知，C項(xiàng)“人們也把它看作與他們的童年有關(guān)的東西”與此處銜接緊密。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．解析：選D　根據(jù)空處后一句可推知，D項(xiàng)“Renee說那個時候這家店也是一個受歡迎的晚上約會的場所”符合語境。 4．解析：選F　根據(jù)空處前一句“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place”和空處后一句“People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap”可推知，在那個時候，人們沒有像芝士蛋糕和冰淇淋這樣的甜點(diǎn)可供選擇。故選F項(xiàng)。 5．解析：選A　根據(jù)空處前一句“When we were young, we didnt have McDonalds”可推知，A項(xiàng)“這是我們唯一的童年記憶”符合語境。