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Unit 13 Peopl 課時練(一)　閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度 (限時：35分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019廣州調(diào)研) Metropolis Book Club Membership： All you need to do is fill out the order form at the bottom of the page, select your first order from our book list and then post the pleted form back to us. Special offers for new members： ?As a special offer, you may choose any reducedprice books from our new members book list, to the value of 100 yuan in total. ?Tick the box on your form to order a free watch. ?Join before the end of this month and you will receive another free book carefully chosen by our staff. ?Order an audiobook from the many on offer, at half the remended retail price. When youve joined： As a member you get around 50% off the publishers price of every book you buy, and whats more, they e straight to your door. Your free club magazine arrives once a month to keep you up to date with the latest bestsellers weve added to our list. On the Internet, you can find all our titles for the year at our exclusive members website. Our website also has a book swap service where members can request or offer books for exchange. Being a member： All you have to do is order four books during your first year. After that, you can decide on the number of books you wish to take. In each of your monthly club magazines, our experienced staff choose a “Book of the Month” for you, which is offered at an extraspecial price. If you do not want this book, just say so in the space provided on the form and send it back to us. We always send the book if we do not receive this form. Once we receive your order, your books are delivered within one week. And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they arent what you expected just send them back! 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了如何成為Metropolis Book Club的會員以及會員將得到什么好處等。 1．How can you bee a member of the Metropolis Book Club? A．By ordering a watch free of charge. B．By sending the advertisement to the club. C．By choosing books with special prices. D．By returning the pleted order form. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Membership部分中的介紹可知，要想成為會員需要填寫頁面下端的訂單表格，從書單中選擇你的第一個訂單，然后把填完的表格寄給俱樂部，就能成為俱樂部的會員，故選D項。 2．What information does the monthly magazine give members? A．The percentage saved on each book. B．The names of all the books sold by the club. C．The list of the newest books available to buy. D．The books that can be swapped by club members. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)When youve joined部分中的“Your free club magazine arrives once a month to keep you up to date with the latest bestsellers weve added to our list”可知，月刊雜志給會員提供最新的暢銷書信息，故選C項。 3．What can we infer from the last part of the passage? A．At least four books should be bought each year. B．Members can look at the books before they buy them. C．Members need to buy the “Book of the Month”． D．The more books members buy, the higher the members grade is. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they arent what you expected just send them back”可知，書先寄給會員，如果會員不喜歡，可以寄回去。因此，會員可以在不買的情況下就先看到書，故選B項。 B (2019押題卷一)He runs from explosions, drives over waterfalls and jumps from tall buildings. That might sound like Superman, but stuntman (特技演員) Vince Deadrick Jr. is very much human. As a stuntman in movies and television shows, Deadrick admits hes no stranger to getting hurt. He has suffered broken bones, bled, gotten knocked out and nearly fallen to his death, but he considers himself lucky to be alive after some of the stunts he has performed. Deadrick has been a stunt coordinator (協(xié)調(diào)員) for the Nickelodeon channel for 12 years. He has worked with famous actors, directors and producers, and he has traveled all over the world. But that doesnt mean his work is easy. It took him years of hard work to get where he is today. Deadricks father, Vince Deadrick Sr., was also a stuntman, but his family connection didnt give Deadrick a free pass into the movie business. He learned from his dad how to set up cardboard boxes and fall pads for high falls, and he started training on his own once he decided to follow in his fathers footsteps. As a stunt coordinator, Deadrick takes danger seriously. When he hires a new stunt performer, he looks for a professional. “Youre only as good as the people you hire，” he says. A stuntman needs to know his own abilities and limitations so he wont shy away from doing his best but also wont be such a daredevil (鋌而走險的人) that he could hurt himself or others. When the actors and stuntmen are going to do something dangerous, they need to know theyre trusting the right person. With over 40 years in the business, Deadrick is an expert at making stunts both realistic and safe. Though he has a large amount of responsibility, Deadrick loves his job. “Im in a position where I have to make decisions on risk factors, keeping the actors and stuntmen safe while still making it look impressive. I love my business, and I love the excitement.” 語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。文章介紹了特技演員Vince Deadrick Jr.的從業(yè)經(jīng)歷和對自己職業(yè)的看法。 4．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Deadrick is ________. A．careless　　　　　　　　　 B．optimistic C．unfortunate D．generous 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，Deadrick在做特技演員的過程中，受過很多傷，但他卻為自己大難不死而感到很幸運，說明他很樂觀。 5．What do we know about Deadricks path to success? A．He picked up his stunt skills from a stuntman. B．He made it with hard work and great effort. C．His dad offered him great encouragement. D．His dad led him into the movie business. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，Deadrick自學(xué)了很多特技表演方面的本領(lǐng)，而且當特技演員的爸爸也沒給他幫上什么忙，一切全靠自己的努力才有了今天的成就。 6．When hiring stuntmen, Deadrick ________. A．cant be too careful B．prefers the fearless ones C．likes those with no limitations D．puts experience above all else 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四、五段可知，在挑選特技演員時，Deadrick非常慎重，挑那些專業(yè)的、有自知之明的人。 7．What does Deadrick think of his job? A．Hard and boring.　　　 B．Easy and attractive. C．Skilled but relaxing. D．Challenging but exciting. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前半部分可看出，做特技演員很具挑戰(zhàn)性；根據(jù)最后一段可看出，干這一行又很刺激。 C (2019洛陽第一次統(tǒng)考)I left England for Sydney in September. It was a career move for my husband, and our 20yearold daughter was feeling adventurous and decided to e, too. However, just before leaving England, my 79yearold mother suffered a stroke (中風(fēng)). Being strong and independent, she continues to live at home with the help of social services. But she couldnt look after the garden. I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organization offering volunteer help. Friends asked me what I planned to do in Australia, and I told them I would be looking for a volunteer position with a gardening charitable organization. Imagine my surprise when I found just the organization I had been looking for — Easy Care Gardening (ECG)! There are several reasons why I volunteer for ECG. Firstly, as a newer to Australia I meet many great people who, like me, volunteer some of their time. We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others. Secondly, through working with ECG I have been lucky enough to explore Sydneys North Shore that I might not have had the opportunity to visit otherwise. Finally, there are all those wonderful people who we call “clients (客戶)”， but are more like friends when we visit them often and tend their gardens. What great people I have met, and stories they have to tell — the family histories, where they e from and the reasons for immigrating to Australia. I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens which, in many cases, have been the joy of their owners for many years. Each one is individual and reflects the character, needs and the history of each family. Indeed, the gardens reflect the multicultural and historical background of Sydney. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了作者移居悉尼后加入了Easy Care Gardening 組織，成了一名園藝志愿者的故事，以及作者加入這個組織的原因。 8．Why did the author move to Sydney? A．She planned to volunteer there. B．Her husband would work there. C．She was very keen on adventures. D．She had to look after her sick mother. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It was a career move for my husband”可知，作者移居悉尼是因為她丈夫的工作變動，故選B項。 9．What made the author choose to be a gardening volunteer? A．Her own experience. B．The tips of her friends. C．The popularity of ECG. D．Her gardening skills. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However, just before leaving England, my 79yearold mother suffered a stroke (中風(fēng)) ... But she couldnt look after the garden. I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organization offering volunteer help”可知，作者的母親因為中風(fēng)無法照料花園，因此作者希望有一個能提供園藝志愿服務(wù)的組織。所以，作者選擇成為一名園藝志愿者是因為她自己的經(jīng)歷。故選A項。 10．What do the volunteers at ECG have in mon? A．They make friends with their clients. B．They like to explore Sydneys North Shore. C．They are of similar age and background. D．They are kindhearted with the same interest. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others”可知，ECG的志愿者雖然年齡跨度很大，但是都喜愛花園和幫助他人。D項“他們都很熱心腸，有著同樣的愛好”符合文意，故選D項。 11．What does the underlined word “one” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Client. B．Reason. C．Garden. D．Joy. 解析：選C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的前一句“I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens which, in many cases, have been the joy of their owners for many years”可知，作者覺得能夠進入私人花園是一種特權(quán)，在許多情況下，私人花園都是花園主人的樂趣所在。根據(jù)語境和畫線詞所在句的前后句子中的“gardens”可知，“one”指的就是“garden”，故選C項。 D (2019洛陽第一次統(tǒng)考)It is quite apparent that petition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (靈長目動物). Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without petition, Columbus wouldnt have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb. The friendship, like all relationships between two people, involves petition. It isnt petition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes. Perhaps the ecological definition — the simultaneous (同時的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light — better explains it. As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwins theory of evolution, overpopulation, and petition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分類) take place. In high school, friendship coexists with petition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, petition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a students fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition. Nevertheless, by necessity, petition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly petition can have only benefits, but when it bees too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendship apart. Yet, despite all this, without petition, we would be lost. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了友誼和競爭之間的關(guān)系，健康的競爭促進友誼，而惡性的競爭則破壞友誼。 12．What does the ecological definition mainly explain? A．How friends pete with each other. B．How to win the petition. C．What the result of petition is. D．What petition exactly is. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。分析第二段最后一句可知，該句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“petition”。兩個破折號之間的內(nèi)容解釋“the ecological definition”。句意：兩個或者更多的生物體同時對有限的生態(tài)環(huán)境資源有需求，如營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、生存空間、光——這一生態(tài)學(xué)定義更好地解釋了競爭(的含義)。故選D項。 13．According to the author, what causes the high school students to pete? A．The number of them is too large. B．Friendship is a burden for them. C．They know the laws of nature well. D．They are divided into different groups. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，高中生活與自然界一樣有一系列的規(guī)則，這與達爾文關(guān)于進化、人口過多和競爭的理論相似。也正是因為學(xué)生人數(shù)眾多，為了區(qū)分，所以對學(xué)生進行了排名、分類。再加上考大學(xué)這一高中生活的最終目標的壓力，高中生之間的競爭就不可避免地產(chǎn)生了。故選A項。 14．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and petition? A．Friendship is always based on petition. B．The degree of petition is vital to friendship. C．petition is terribly harmful to friendship. D．petition is a result of lost friendship. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Healthy, friendly petition can have only benefits, but when it bees too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendship apart”可知，健康的、友好的競爭對友誼有好處，而過于激烈的、存在妒忌的競爭會使友誼破裂。因此競爭的度對友誼是至關(guān)重要的。故選B項。 15．What does the author think of “petition”？ A．The results of petition are out of control. B．petition bees fiercer in high school. C．petition is certain to happen in high school. D．Friendship is not as important as petition in high schools. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Nevertheless, by necessity, petition between students exists in all aspects of high school life”可知，作者認為高中生活的各個方面存在競爭是必然的。故選C項。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019重慶調(diào)研)Though Thaler, a behaviorism psychologist, hasnt specifically studied the field of munication, his principle works just as well if your mission is to reach and engage your audience. “If you want to get somebody to do something, make it easy.” __16__ Herere the ways of applying Thalers approach： Develop a single high concept to summarize your message. The idea is that to make it easy for your audience, you should distill (提煉) what youre trying to convey in a short phrase or sentence. Lead with your point. And now that youve figured out the most important message to municate, you should make that your headline or subject line. __17__ It attracts their attention. It promises the solution to a problem. Emphasize the benefit. Answer your audiences key questions: “__18__” “Whats in it for me？” Be briefer than you ever thought possible. Dont worry about the word count; just cut and cut until only the most important is left. __19__ Were living in a visually mediated society, and most people would much rather watch a video or scan a photo or spend time on an infographic (信息圖) than read. Reduce friction. In munication, friction occurs when an audience member is intrigued (使著迷) by a topic, but then meets with resistance on his or her quest (追求) to engage with content.__20__ Provide a clear way to learn more. Most people will want just a bite of information, but some will long for a snack. So provide an easy way to get more substance. A．Why do you think so? B．How does this affect me? C．Use visuals to instantly convey your meaning. D．Thats the first thing audience members notice. E．So you should lower your voice before the audience. F．So think about how to make the experience easier. G．How does this relate to improving munication? 語篇解讀：本文是說明文，主要介紹了與觀眾交流溝通時的一些技巧。 16．解析：選G　該空前講到Thaler所提出的原理同樣適用于與觀眾的交流溝通中，空后的句子“Herere the ways of applying Thalers approach”表示作者下面要介紹Thaler的原理如何適用于與觀眾的交流溝通中，故空處為一個過渡句，而G項“這與改善交流溝通有什么關(guān)系呢？”符合文意，所以選G項。 17．解析：選D　根據(jù)該空前一句可知，把最重要的信息置于頭條，這樣觀眾第一眼就能夠注意到，所以選D項。 18．解析：選B　根據(jù)該空前的句子“Answer your audiences key questions”以及空后的句子可知，空處應(yīng)是問句，又根據(jù)第二個句子的特點和本段的主題“Emphasize the benefit”可知，應(yīng)選B項。 19．解析：選C　本題考查段落的主題句。本段的關(guān)鍵信息visually mediated與C項中的visuals相照應(yīng)，所以選C項。 20．解析：選F　本空位于句末，空前提到與觀眾產(chǎn)生摩擦及其原因，故空處應(yīng)講如何減少與觀眾的摩擦，F(xiàn)項中的the experience指的就是前面提到的與觀眾產(chǎn)生摩擦。所以選F項。 課時練(二)　語言知識運用組塊專練——練準度 (限時：30分鐘) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2019呼和浩特調(diào)研)I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents. When we visit them, we often end up __1__ home more things than we brought with us. After packing up at the end of our most __2__ visit, and after the last __3__ and sounding of the car horn (喇叭), I took a quick look at the back __4__ of our car. At the top of the pile, folded __5__ and smartly, were a 50yearold baby blanket, several doilies (裝飾墊) __6__ from generations of women in my family, and two small __7__. These creative quilts, looking __8__ but quite lovingly worn, remind me of my greatgrandmothers who were always __9__ hard. I think of the pieces of cloth __10__ over the floors of their living rooms. I think of their __11__ hands and the regular pattern of __12__ from their sewing machines. I think of their laughter, their smiles and the wisdom found in the corners of their eyes. I wish I could go back in time and watch them __13__ these quilts, and I cherish the quilts my greatgrandmothers __14__. I love knowing that the women who __15__ the way for my own path through life have left behind touchable expressions of themselves. __16__ I touch the worn cloth of each creation, I will always remember the women whose hands brought them into __17__. I will be ever __18__ for the strong women in my family who have lived __19__ me and with me, who have left behind unbelievable examples to __20__ and lovely quilts to pass on. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了“我”由曾祖母輩留下來的東西想到：這些東西傳遞給我們后輩的不僅是親情和愛，更是長輩的熱愛勞動、熱愛生活的精神。 1．A.leaving　　　　　　　　　 B．buying C．taking D．returning 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文中的“I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents”和下文內(nèi)容可知，我們常常從父母那里收到東西帶回家。此處“taking”與空后的“brought”形成對比，符合語境。leave“離開”；buy“買”；take“帶走”；return“返回”。 2．A.official B．regular C．special D．recent 解析：選D　此處表示在最近的一次拜訪結(jié)束時，我們打包完之后。most recent 表示“最近的”，符合語境。official“官方的”；regular“有規(guī)律的”；special“特殊的”。 3．A.hugs B．handshakes C．nods D．greetings 解析：選A　根據(jù)語境可知，我們打包完之后準備走，故此處表示在與父母擁抱過后。hug“擁抱”；handshake“握手”；nod“點頭”；greeting“問候”。 4．A.door B．window C．wheel D．seat 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“At the top of the pile”可知，我們的車子里堆了很多要從父母那帶走的物品，故應(yīng)是“我”快速地朝車后座看了一眼。door“門”；window“窗戶”；wheel“輪子”；seat“座位”。 5．A.closely B．neatly C．loosely D．quickly 解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“and smartly”的提示可知，此處表示在那堆東西的上面，一條有50年之久的嬰兒毯整潔漂亮地疊放在那兒。closely“緊密地”；neatly“整潔地”；loosely“松散地”；quickly“快速地”。 6．A.taken down B．given away C．passed down D．put away 解析：選C　根據(jù)第二段第一句中“remind me of my greatgrandmothers who were always ________ hard”的提示可知，這些東西是從“我”曾祖母輩傳下來的。take down“記下”；give away“泄露(秘密等)，贈送”；pass down“把……向下傳遞”；put away“把……收起來”。 7．A.quilts B．parcels C．cloths D．machines 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文中“These creative quilts”的提示可知，此處說的是被子。quilt“被褥”；parcel“包裹”；cloth“布”；machine“機器”。 8．A.shabby B．delicate C．ugly D．old 解析：選B　此處表示這些具有創(chuàng)意的被子，雖然用舊了，但看起來仍然精美。根據(jù)空后的“but”可知，空處所填詞與空后“worn”表示的含義形成轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)是表示積極含義的，故“delicate”符合語境。shabby“破舊的”；delicate“精美的”；ugly“丑陋的”；old“舊的”。 9．A.working B．learning C．playing D．feeling 解析：選A　這些具有創(chuàng)意的被子讓“我”想起了總是辛勤勞動的“我”的曾祖母們。此處work hard 表示“努力工作，辛勤勞動”。 10．A.thrown B．kept C．covered D．spread 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文中“folded ________ and smartly, were a 50yearold baby blanket, several doilies (裝飾墊)”的提示可知此處為“我”想起了那塊鋪在她們起居室地面的布。throw“扔”；keep“保存”；cover“覆蓋”；spread“鋪開”。 11．A.warm B．wrinkled C．smooth D．soft 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文中的“remind me of my greatgrandmothers who were always ________ hard”可知，多年辛勤勞動的曾祖母她們的手是有皺紋的。warm“溫暖的”；wrinkled“有皺紋的”；smooth“光滑的”；soft“柔軟的”。 12．A.threads B．a(chǎn)ctions C．sounds D．pictures 解析：選C　根據(jù)空后的“from their sewing machines”可知此處指的是縫紉機發(fā)出的有規(guī)律的聲音。thread“線”；action“動作”；sound“聲音”；picture“照片”。 13．A.make B．invent C．clean D．check 解析：選A　“我”希望能及時回到過去看她們制作這些被子。make“做”；invent“發(fā)明”；clean“清理”；check“檢查”。 14．A.brought B．sent away C．delivered D．left behind 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文中的“________ from generations of women in my family, and two small ________”可知，“我”很珍惜曾祖母們留下來的這些被子。bring“帶來”；send away“送出，派出”；deliver“遞送”；leave behind“留下，遺留”。 15．A.pushed B．felt C．paved D．changed 解析：選C　“我”很高興地知道那些為“我”的人生道路創(chuàng)造條件的女性留下了對她們自身的動人表達。push“推”；pave“鋪設(shè)”；change“改變”。 16．A.If B．When C．Once D．Though 解析：選B　當“我”觸摸她們留下來的那些物品上的破舊的布的時候，“我”總會想起正是這些女性的手讓這些東西得以產(chǎn)生。when“當……的時候”符合語境。 17．A.existence B．life C．power D．practice 解析：選A　參見上題解析。bring into existence“使產(chǎn)生，使形成”。 18．A.regretful B．convinced C．thankful D．respected 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文中的“who have left behind unbelievable examples to ________ and lovely quilts to pass on”可知，“我”很感激家族中那些堅強的女性。regretful“后悔的”；convinced“確信的”；thankful“感激的”；respected“受尊敬的”。 19．A.through B．before C．by D．for 解析：選B　本文主要講述“我”對曾祖母們的回憶，所以此處為家族中那些在“我”之前的女性，before“在……之前”符合語境。 20．A.replace B．build C．set D．follow 解析：選D　那些女性為“我”留下了學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣以及那些充滿愛意的被子。此處follow“以……為榜樣，效仿”符合語境。 Ⅱ.語法填空 (2019湖北八校聯(lián)考)China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette (禮儀)”. 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