wpbAAA高考英語一輪選練習題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions含解析新人教版選修8

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1、 選修8Unit 3 李仕才 考點規(guī)范練(選修8　Unit 3) 【短文語法填空】 Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned __1__ farm, which looked almost abandoned.__2__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __3__ other food and mad

2、e cheese and butter for the family with what __4__ (leave)．The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass __5__ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she __6__ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living __7__ th

3、e cow.In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __8__ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs,

4、 vegetables and cotton in the market __9__ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to __10__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 【語篇導讀】　這篇短文講述的是Johnson先生一家人依靠農(nóng)場里的奶牛維持生活，但是一次意外奶牛摔死了。Johnson先生不得不想其他辦法繼續(xù)生活。他一邊種藥草和蔬菜，一邊砍樹去集上賣木頭。上帝給他關(guān)上了一扇門的時候，又給他

5、打開了一扇門。 1．a(chǎn)　[句意：他擁有一個農(nóng)場，這個農(nóng)場看起來都快廢棄了。a 是不定冠詞，表示泛指一個……，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在樹林里，他擁有一個農(nóng)場。故填a。] 2．luckily　[句意：幸運的是，他還有一頭奶牛，每天都能產(chǎn)奶。luckily副詞，幸運的是。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生的農(nóng)場很破舊，都快要廢棄了。但是還有奶牛每天都產(chǎn)奶，能讓他維持生存，所以這是一件幸運的事。這里用副詞形式修飾整個句子。] 3．for　[句意：他去附近的鎮(zhèn)里賣牛奶，或用牛奶換其他的食物。本句話中exchange 的意思是交換，根據(jù)句意可知，Johnson先生用

6、牛奶換其他的食物。這里是用短語exchange...for...，故填介詞for。] 4．was left　[句意：他去附近的鎮(zhèn)里賣牛奶，或用牛奶換其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黃油。leave離開；剩下，留下。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠農(nóng)場里的奶牛產(chǎn)奶生活。除去賣掉的和換其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用來制作奶酪和黃油。這里what was left是一個賓語從句，根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)。] 5．when　[句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，這時突然開始下起大雨。when是并列連詞，意思是正在這時。這句話使用的句型是be doing sth when...，正在做某事這時……。]

7、6．fell　[句意：在慌忙逃跑的時候，奶牛摔下山死了。fall摔倒，掉下來，根據(jù)文意可知，這篇短文使用的是一般過去時態(tài)，故這里填過去式fell。] 7．without　[句意：奶牛死了，Johnson先生不得不繼續(xù)生活。根據(jù)文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的時候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不在沒有了奶牛情況下生活。故填without。] 8．to sell　[句意：因為這些藥草和蔬菜需要花費時間來生長，Johnson先生就開始砍樹來賣木頭。sell賣，銷售。根據(jù)文意可知，Johnson先生一邊種植藥草和蔬菜，一邊砍樹去賣。這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。] 9．where

8、　[句意：豐收的時候，他已經(jīng)在人們定期趕集的市場上去賣藥草、蔬菜和棉花了。where 在這里引導的是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞the market。] 10．him　[句意：現(xiàn)在看來好像他的農(nóng)場是非常有潛能的，奶牛的死也似乎給他帶來了好運氣。It occurred to sb that...某人突然發(fā)現(xiàn)……，這是一個固定的句型，因為這篇短文講述的是Johnson先生，故填him。] Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A IBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National H

9、arbour,Maryland.The car—really,a small bus—is capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBM’s “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources. For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morn

10、ing.If you’re running late one day —or Watson uses weather data to figure out that it’s about to rain,or that traffic will get worse—Olli might tell you there’s no time for coffee.Ask it when you’ll arrive at your destination and it can answer. The vehicle will be available to the public in Nationa

11、l Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Florida’s Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas. Much has been said about Google’s driverless car prototype(模型)—but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says there’s a problem with the Google’s business mod

12、el. “Google doesn’t make cars,”he explained.While that’s not strictly true—the company does have its own self-driving car prototype—Google is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads. But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.“A company like

13、Fiat Chrysler won’t put out vehicles they can’t sell everywhere,”Rogers said. Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Marylan

14、d. We’re a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors’ major problem is legislation,not technology.They’re already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever there’s demand—though it’s a small company,so don’t expect too many of them. 1.What’s Olli’s ma

15、jor feature? A.It is an electric vehicle. B.It doesn’t need a driver. C.It can take 12 people at once. D.It can communicate with passengers. 2.What does Rogers think of Google’s driverless cars? A.They will be Olli’s strong competitors. B.They can’t be driven on public roads. C.They have a b

16、ig technical problem. D.They won’t be mass-produced. 3.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean? A.Able to adapt easily. B.Able to act quickly. C.Fully developed. D.Highly creative. 4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers? A.Because it is still in the testing stage. B.Bec

17、ause many people can’t afford to buy it. C.Because Local Motors has low productivity. D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America. B (2016武漢武昌調(diào)研) Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛獵犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that o

18、ther people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?” Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the d

19、evice iCPooch.“The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat! Her invention has earned her a spot competing against

20、 nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn. After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists i

21、n the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the

22、 potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate. “One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?

23、”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws. The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include

24、 a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids don’t get buried in data,”she said. 5.Which of t

25、he following would be the best title of the text? A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competition B.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs’ hunger C.A man-made device lets people chat with their pets D.A kid-invented device calms dogs’ separation anxiety 6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by 　　

26、　. A.allowing video chat B.making dogs sleep C. answering the call D.giving them food 7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”? A.Competitors. B.Assistants. C.Instructors. D.Companions. 8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common? A.They are all new inv

27、entions dealing with pets. B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems. C.They cope with the problems related to computers. D.They are all accomplished through individual work. 【鞏固】 One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of global

28、ization and the growing multi-language trend. ＂One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.＂ said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project

29、 for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town. In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than th

30、e national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(規(guī)定) was the 1994 ＂Toubon law＂ in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language expert

31、s, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process. It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the ＂purity＂ of a language by law. Sinc

32、e the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English spe

33、akers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France. The need to protect national languages is, for mos

34、t western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend. 1.Neville Alexander believes that __________. A.

35、 mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries B. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa C. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend D. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure 2.The underlined word ＂futile＂ (in parag

36、raph 2) most probably means ＂ _________＂. A. workable B. practical C. useless D. unnecessary 3.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education. B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the

37、spread of English. C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language. D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language. 4.The best title for the passage is __________. A. Fighting against the rule of English B. Protecting local langu

38、ages and identities C. Globalization and multi-language trend D. To maintain the purity of language by law 【文章大意】現(xiàn)在世界全球化導致很多國家的獨特的文化收到了沖擊和影響，本文講述的正是這方面的話題。很多國家都采取了很多的措施來保護本國的文化。 1.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段＂One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, wit

39、h a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.＂ said Neville Alexander可知，他認為母語教育方面的缺失會導致經(jīng)濟方面的失敗。故D正確。 2.C 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本句Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the

40、difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.可知，很多語言專家都認為管理語言使用的努力是無用的，因為這樣的控制是沒有什么效果的。故C正確。 4.B 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of

41、globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知，現(xiàn)在世界全球化導致很多國家的獨特的文化受到了沖擊和影響，本文講述的正是這方面的話題。故B正確。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 (2016重慶第二次診斷) How to Get on a Reality TV Show Think carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,f

42、riends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this something you can handle?　1　 If you’re not worried about this,then you’re ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if that’s the cas

43、e! 　2　For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the media about the show’s intended themes,content,time slot,and audience.　3　 This is probably easier if you’ve watched it without fail since it began. Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the thing

44、s that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply to be in a weight loss show when you’re already at an ideal weight.　4　 If you’re applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you don’t have one,again,it may not be worth

45、 your while. Know why you want to do this.The show’s producers will want a strong,well-founded response.　5　 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hope

46、d-for outcome. A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required? B.Learn all that you can about the show before applying. C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you? D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isn’t what they’re looking for. E.Do you have to eat things

47、that are simply awful and that you’d never think of eating in a million years? F.Give an answer that shows your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model. G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons.

48、Ⅲ.短文改錯 I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even a time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didn’t want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously

49、.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I won’t feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it. 考點規(guī)范練(選修8　Unit 3) Ⅰ.【解題導語】本文是說明文。電動汽車Olli不僅可以無人駕駛,

50、還可以與乘客互動,回答乘客的各種問題。 1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It uses IBM’s ‘Watson’ system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.”及第二段內(nèi)容可知,通過IBM的認知系統(tǒng)Watson,Olli可以與乘客互動。 2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.‘A company like Fiat Chrysler won’t put out veh

51、icles they can’t sell everywhere,’...”可知,由于無人駕駛汽車不是在每個州都合法,因此與谷歌合作的汽車廠商不會大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)無人駕駛汽車。 3.B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.”可知,Local Motors從設(shè)計Olli到上路只用了一年多的時間,由此看出,

52、Local Motors“動作迅速”,堪為行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊。 4.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...it’s a small company,so don’t expect too many of them.”可知,由于Local Motors是家小公司,生產(chǎn)能力有限,因此不會有大批量的Olli上市。 【解題導語】本文介紹了一位16歲的中學生發(fā)明了一種遠程照顧寵物狗的設(shè)備,并因此進入探索教育3M青年科學家挑戰(zhàn)賽的前十名。 5.D　主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位16歲的中學生發(fā)明了一種設(shè)備,這種設(shè)備能讓狗和主人視頻,讓狗在主人離開時不感到焦慮,故選D項。 6.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二

53、句中的“...a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!”可知,iCPooch通過讓狗主人和狗視頻聊天,從而讓狗安靜下來。故選A項。 7.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“These finalists...are working with mentors over the summer...”可知,這次青年科學家挑戰(zhàn)賽的決賽選手已經(jīng)和指導者一起工作了一個夏天,畫線詞應表示“指導者”,故選C項。最后一段的with the guidance from a mentor也是提示。 8.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后

54、一段的第二句“Their projects include a fuel cell...and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.”可知,這些決賽選手的發(fā)明可能幫助解決日常生活中的問題,故選B項。 Ⅱ.【解題導語】本文為說明文。文章向我們介紹了如何上電視真人秀節(jié)目。比如說,上節(jié)目之前要認真考慮,了解你會被提問的問題及你的答案等。 1.C　本段討論的話題是你一旦上了電視真人秀節(jié)目,認識你的人會議論你,因此在上節(jié)目前你要認真考慮。故選C項?？蘸笠痪渲械膖his指代空處所在句的內(nèi)容。 2.B　本題是選擇段落主題句。由上

55、下文中段落主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處需要一個簡潔的祈使句。再結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知答案為B項。 3.G　由空后一句中的“...if you’ve watched it without fail since it began.”可知,此處談論的是一個已經(jīng)播出過的節(jié)目,而不是一個全新的節(jié)目。故選G項。 4.D　本段談論的主題是要現(xiàn)實一點,選擇恰當?shù)墓?jié)目。本段中所舉的例子均是圍繞這一話題的。故選D項。 5.F　由空后的“Telling them ‘I want to be famous’...”及空前的“The show’s producers will...response.”可知,此處談論的是你在申

56、請參加節(jié)目時會被問到的問題和你的回答。 Ⅲ.　　I once took part in a speech contest.SuchSo difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even athe time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopefulhopeless and wanted to give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didn’t want to be a failure.So I recovered my c

57、ourage and taketook the contest seriously.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I won’t feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.AtIn the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it . 我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入新常態(tài)，需要轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，改變粗放式增長模式，不斷優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展進區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，推進新型城鎮(zhèn)化，推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化因：我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展還面臨區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、城鎮(zhèn)化水平不高、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡不協(xié)調(diào)等現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn)。