《中考英語(yǔ)命題研究 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破篇 專(zhuān)題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 第一節(jié) 時(shí)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成精講試題1》由會(huì)員分享,可在線(xiàn)閱讀,更多相關(guān)《中考英語(yǔ)命題研究 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破篇 專(zhuān)題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 第一節(jié) 時(shí)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成精講試題1(6頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
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專(zhuān)題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
,青海五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)
編者按:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是青海中考必考點(diǎn),主要涉及過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)。其中過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考查頻率最高,其次為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。以單項(xiàng)選擇中考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法居多。所以,考生要重點(diǎn)掌握六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和構(gòu)成,也要掌握時(shí)態(tài)的判斷方法。尤其是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,重點(diǎn)掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。
第一節(jié) 時(shí)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成
,青海中考重難點(diǎn)突破
【滿(mǎn)分點(diǎn)撥】
1.動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式變化表
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式,即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(現(xiàn)在式)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
2、形式
構(gòu)成
例詞
動(dòng)詞原形
沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何變形,就是詞典中一般給出的形式。
be,do,have,come
第三人稱(chēng)
單數(shù)
一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加s。
work—works
read—reads
以s,o,x,z,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,后加es。
go—goes
wash—washes
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)將y改為i再加es。
fly—flies
study—studies
過(guò)去式與
過(guò)去分詞
一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed。
work—worked
stay—stayed
3、
在以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后只加d。
close—closed
like—liked
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)將y改為i再加ed。
study—studied
carry—carried
以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫(xiě)此輔音字母再加ed。
stop—stopped
plan—planned
續(xù)表
形式
構(gòu)成
例詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ing。
sleep—sleeping
wait—waiting
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去e再加ing。
smile—smiling
4、
move—moving
以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫(xiě)此輔音字母再加ing。
sit—sitting
dig—digging
plan—planning
少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變ie為y,再加ing。
die—dying
lie—lying
常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
短暫性動(dòng)詞
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
have closed/opened
have been closed/open
have died
have been dead
have left
have been away
have beg
5、un/started
have been on
have finished/ended
have been over
have become
have been
have borrowed
have kept
have bought
have had
have joined
have been a member of/
have been in
have left sp.
have been away from sp.
have fallen asleep
have been asleep
have put on
have worn
have caug
6、ht/got a cold
have had a cold
have got to know
have known
.常見(jiàn)六種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法
種類(lèi)
意義
構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)
時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞
例句
備注
一般
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;
2.目前的狀態(tài);
3.客觀(guān)真理。
be用am/is/are;主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞詞尾加s/es;其他人稱(chēng)和數(shù)用動(dòng)詞原形。
often,sometimes,usually,always,twice a month,on Sundays,every week/
7、month/
year…(every系列)
He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他經(jīng)常早上7點(diǎn)去學(xué)校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
一般
過(guò)去時(shí)
1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
2.過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。
be用was/were;其他動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。
just now,… ago,in 1980,
last night/week/
month…(last系列),this morning
8、,yesterday,the other day,used to
We went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我們?nèi)チ藲v史博物館。
I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。
一般
將來(lái)時(shí)
1.將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
2.將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài)。
1.助動(dòng)詞will
(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形;
2.am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形。
tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the future
9、,next year/week/month/
term…(next系列)
I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我將在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)你。
Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15歲了。
在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
現(xiàn)在
進(jìn)行時(shí)
說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
now,at present,at the moment,look,listen
The telephone is ring
10、ing.Could you answer it,please?電話(huà)響了,你可以接聽(tīng)一下嗎?
表示位置移動(dòng)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞,如:come,go,leave等詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
過(guò)去
進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
at 1:00 last night,at that moment,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。
I was reading when he came in.當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候,我正在讀書(shū)。He was always complaining about something
11、.他總是抱怨一些事情。
在復(fù)合句中,如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,那么延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),通常在when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)。
現(xiàn)在
完成時(shí)
1.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作;對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響;
2.從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。
yet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten years
He has only been to the Grea
12、t Wall once.他去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城一次。
I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我來(lái)到青年志愿者有五年了。
1.since后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);2.短暫性動(dòng)詞不與一段時(shí)間連用。如果要與一般時(shí)間連用必須換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(見(jiàn)上表)
考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】
( B )1.(2016武漢中考)—Who is that lady?
—Shes Miss Green.She ________ us music,and she is so good.
A.taught B.teaches
13、
C.will teach D.is teaching
( B )2.(2016北京中考)—Where did you go last weekend?
—I ________ to the Great Wall.
A.go B.went
C.will go D.have gone
( B )3.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian ________ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.
A.buy B.bought
C.will buy D.would buy
( B )4.(2016河
14、北中考)Oh no!I ________ my book in the lab.
A.leave B.left
C.will leave D.was leaving
( B )5.(2016河南中考)—There is someone knocking at the door.
—It must be the computer repairman.I ________________________________________________________________________
him to come to fix my computer.
A.call B.
15、have called
C.called D.will call
( C )6.We make it a rule that each of us________the bedroom one day a week.
A.has cleaned B.have cleaned
C.cleans
( C )7.Mr.Green,a famous writer,________ our school next week.
A.visited B.visits
C.will visit
( C )8.The last time I________to the cinema w
16、as two years ago.
A.go B.have gone
C.went
( C )9.Look,some people________photos on the beach.
A.took B.takes
C.a(chǎn)re taking
( B )10.My brother________books at that moment.
A.read B.was reading
C.will read
( C )11.(2016青海中考模擬)I________Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A.didnt hear from
B.dont hear from
C.havent heard from
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