2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪選練編題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8　Unit 3) 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Best panies Shine United(Madison，Wisconsin) In the past five years，this Wisconsinbased advertising agency has shared more than$500,000 in profits with its employees through the panys ShineShares program.The agency partnered with the University of Wisconsins oncology department to develop the Ride，a biking event that benefits cancer research.Employees also get snacks every day，“Beer Thirty”on Thursdays，and Summer Fridays，a program that lets employees leave at noon. GroundFloor Media(Denver，Colorado) The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime，anywhere.Headquarters are in a former warehouse downtown，near Coors Field.The offices are spread around the central space that doubles as a wet bar every Thursday when the panys “beer club” brings in a new brew. Ergodyne(St.Paul，Minnesota) The St.Paulbased pany has grown to operate out of a retired storehouse with plenty of natural light.Rules about dressing？“Wear something.” Its purpose? To create cool，fortable, and tough safety workwear for those who need it to get the job done.Ergodyne has around 50 employees, who enjoy hotdish cookoffs, tickets to sporting events, and at least one happy hour every quarter. Southwest Michigan First(Kalamazoo，Michigan) Its family first at this Michigan economic development advising agency.CEO Ron Kitchens says that in the past year，the pany has made a push to go green，initially started by the millennial employees who make up half the agencys workforce.A new staff position was created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing. 1．Whats the purpose of the ShineShares program? A．To raise money for a research. B．To let employees leave earlier. C．To share the panys benefits. D．To partner with a local university. 2．What does Southwest Michigan First encourage their employees to do? A．To acpany their families. B．To create new staff positions. C．To join in cooking petitions. D．To enjoy themselves in sporting events. 3．Which pany allows its staff a flexible working time? A．Shine United. B．GroundFloor Media. C．Southwest Michigan First. D．Ergodyne. 4．What can we know about the panies mentioned in the text? A．They offer employees financial support. B．They care about employees happiness. C．They have strict rules about dressing. D．They have training programs. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇廣告類(lèi)應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個(gè)最好的公司。它們有的和員工分享利潤(rùn)并給員工提供零食和啤酒，有的鼓勵(lì)員工陪伴家人，有的允許員工在任何時(shí)候任何地點(diǎn)工作，有的允許員工穿著隨意的衣服。 【難句分析】The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime，anywhere. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中that employees work anytime，anywhere為that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：?jiǎn)T工在這家位于丹佛的中等規(guī)模的公關(guān)公司工作的關(guān)鍵是員工可以在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)工作。 1．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第一句“In the past five years，this Wisconsinbased advertising agency has shared more than $500,000 in profits with its employees through the panys ShineShares program”可知，在過(guò)去的五年時(shí)間里，這家位于威斯康星州的廣告代理公司通過(guò)ShineShares項(xiàng)目和公司員工分享了五十萬(wàn)美元的利潤(rùn)；據(jù)此可知，ShineShares項(xiàng)目的目的在于和員工分享利潤(rùn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段第一句的“Its family first”和最后一句“A new staff position was created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing”可知，該公司創(chuàng)立了新的職位，目的是保證每個(gè)員工能平衡工作和在孩子的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中加油或釣魚(yú)的安排；據(jù)此可以判斷，該公司鼓勵(lì)員工陪伴家人，故A項(xiàng)正確。 3．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime, anywhere”可知，在該中等規(guī)模的公關(guān)公司工作的重點(diǎn)是員工可以在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)工作；據(jù)此可知，GroundFloor Media公司允許員工有彈性的工作時(shí)間，故B項(xiàng)正確。 44．B　考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了四個(gè)通過(guò)自己的政策為員工謀幸福的公司：Shine United公司與員工分享利潤(rùn)，為員工提供零食；GroundFloor Media公司允許員工有彈性的工作時(shí)間；Ergodyne公司允許員工任意穿著以創(chuàng)造輕松安全的工作環(huán)境；Southwest Michigan First公司鼓勵(lì)員工陪伴家人。故B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第一段可知，Shine United通過(guò)ShineShares項(xiàng)目與員工分享利潤(rùn)，文中沒(méi)有提及其他公司有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)支持的信息，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段可知，Ergodyne公司允許員工任意穿著以創(chuàng)造輕松安全的工作環(huán)境，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A IBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National Harbour,Maryland.The car—really,a small bus—is capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBM’s “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources. For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning.If you’re running late one day —or Watson uses weather data to figure out that it’s about to rain,or that traffic will get worse—Olli might tell you there’s no time for coffee.Ask it when you’ll arrive at your destination and it can answer. The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Florida’s Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas. Much has been said about Google’s driverless car prototype(模型)—but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says there’s a problem with the Google’s business model. “Google doesn’t make cars,”he explained.While that’s not strictly true—the pany does have its own self-driving car prototype—Google is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads. But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.“A pany like Fiat Chrysler won’t put out vehicles they can’t sell everywhere,”Rogers said. Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The pany designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland. We’re a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors’ major problem is legislation,not technology.They’re already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever there’s demand—though it’s a small pany,so don’t expect too many of them. 1.What’s Olli’s major feature? A.It is an electric vehicle. B.It doesn’t need a driver. C.It can take 12 people at once. D.It can municate with passengers. 2.What does Rogers think of Google’s driverless cars? A.They will be Olli’s strong petitors. B.They can’t be driven on public roads. C.They have a big technical problem. D.They won’t be mass-produced. 3.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean? A.Able to adapt easily. B.Able to act quickly. C.Fully developed. D.Highly creative. 4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers? A.Because it is still in the testing stage. B.Because many people can’t afford to buy it. C.Because Local Motors has low productivity. D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America. B (2016武漢武昌調(diào)研) Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛獵犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?” Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It es up immediately on the screen on its end.It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat! Her invention has earned her a spot peting against nine other finalists in a young scientist petition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final petition in St.Paul,Minn. After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which bines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate. “One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws. The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids don’t get buried in data,”she said. 5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist petition B.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs’ hunger C.A man-made device lets people chat with their pets D.A kid-invented device calms dogs’ separation anxiety 6.“iCPooch” calms pet dogs by 　　　. A.allowing video chat B.making dogs sleep C. answering the call D.giving them food 7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”? A.petitors. B.Assistants. C.Instructors. D.panions. 8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in mon? A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets. B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems. C.They cope with the problems related to puters. D.They are all acplished through individual work. The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2 000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40 000 plant species,3 000 fish,1 294 birds,427 mammals,428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon. The warm wet forests have been in existence for 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳年代測(cè)定)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1 000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity. The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11 200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers. The Amazon rainforest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(采伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earths land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587 000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades. 1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To prove the forest untouched. B．To classify species scientifically. C．To show the diversity of species. D．To attract more attention to Amazon. 2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die? A．European explorers brought diseases there. B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly. C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned. D．They got killed by Spanish explorers. 3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest? A．It has the largest number of species. B．It covers over 5% of South America. C．It is being larger in area. D．It is being endangered now. 4．What may be included in the following paragraph? A．Examples of destroying forests. B．Measures to protect rainforests. C．New settlements in Amazon. D．Ways to stop global warming. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)。 1．C　目的意圖題。通讀全文可知，第一段提到昆蟲(chóng)、植物和動(dòng)物等物種的數(shù)量，是為了表明亞馬遜熱帶雨林物種的多樣性。故答案選C。 2．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．(第三段第二句) 譯文：十六世紀(jì)，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家來(lái)到這里，帶來(lái)了疾病，這些疾病的傳播速度比探險(xiǎn)家前行的腳步還要快，大約使多達(dá)90%的土著居民死亡。 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，歐洲探險(xiǎn)家把疾病帶到亞馬遜地區(qū)，導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)土著居民死亡。故答案選A。 3．D　推理判斷題。The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：運(yùn)輸路線的增加導(dǎo)致了定居點(diǎn)和濫伐森林的增加，根據(jù)目前的速度，科學(xué)家估計(jì)亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)。故答案選D。 4．B　推理判斷題。最后一段主要介紹了由于濫伐森林，亞馬遜熱帶雨林覆蓋率在下降，正面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)；由此可推知，文章接下來(lái)應(yīng)是針對(duì)這種情況介紹如何保護(hù)亞馬遜熱帶雨林。故答案選B。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：運(yùn)輸路線的增加導(dǎo)致了定居點(diǎn)和濫伐森林的增加，根據(jù)目前的速度，科學(xué)家估計(jì)亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 (2016重慶第二次診斷) How to Get on a Reality TV Show Think carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this something you can handle?　1　 If you’re not worried about this,then you’re ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if that’s the case! 　2　For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the media about the show’s intended themes,content,time slot,and audience.　3　 This is probably easier if you’ve watched it without fail since it began. Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the things that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply to be in a weight loss show when you’re already at an ideal weight.　4　 If you’re applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you don’t have one,again,it may not be worth your while. Know why you want to do this.The show’s producers will want a strong,well-founded response.　5　 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for oute. A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required? B.Learn all that you can about the show before applying. C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you? D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isn’t what they’re looking for. E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that you’d never think of eating in a million years? F.Give an answer that shows your strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model. G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons. Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I pletely had no idea about it.Even a time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didn’t want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I won’t feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it. 考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8　Unit 3) Ⅰ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。電動(dòng)汽車(chē)Olli不僅可以無(wú)人駕駛,還可以與乘客互動(dòng),回答乘客的各種問(wèn)題。 1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It uses IBM’s ‘Watson’ system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.”及第二段內(nèi)容可知,通過(guò)IBM的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)Watson,Olli可以與乘客互動(dòng)。 2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.‘A pany like Fiat Chrysler won’t put out vehicles they can’t sell everywhere,’...”可知,由于無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)不是在每個(gè)州都合法,因此與谷歌合作的汽車(chē)廠商不會(huì)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)。 3.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The pany designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.”可知,Local Motors從設(shè)計(jì)Olli到上路只用了一年多的時(shí)間,由此看出,Local Motors“動(dòng)作迅速”,堪為行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭羊。 4.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...it’s a small pany,so don’t expect too many of them.”可知,由于Local Motors是家小公司,生產(chǎn)能力有限,因此不會(huì)有大批量的Olli上市。 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了一位16歲的中學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種遠(yuǎn)程照顧寵物狗的設(shè)備,并因此進(jìn)入探索教育3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的前十名。 5.D　主旨大意題。本文主要講了一位16歲的中學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種設(shè)備,這種設(shè)備能讓狗和主人視頻,讓狗在主人離開(kāi)時(shí)不感到焦慮,故選D項(xiàng)。 6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“...a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!”可知,iCPooch通過(guò)讓狗主人和狗視頻聊天,從而讓狗安靜下來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。 7.C　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“These finalists...are working with mentors over the summer...”可知,這次青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽的決賽選手已經(jīng)和指導(dǎo)者一起工作了一個(gè)夏天,畫(huà)線詞應(yīng)表示“指導(dǎo)者”,故選C項(xiàng)。最后一段的with the guidance from a mentor也是提示。 8.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句“Their projects include a fuel cell...and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.”可知,這些決賽選手的發(fā)明可能幫助解決日常生活中的問(wèn)題,故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章向我們介紹了如何上電視真人秀節(jié)目。比如說(shuō),上節(jié)目之前要認(rèn)真考慮,了解你會(huì)被提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題及你的答案等。 1.C　本段討論的話題是你一旦上了電視真人秀節(jié)目,認(rèn)識(shí)你的人會(huì)議論你,因此在上節(jié)目前你要認(rèn)真考慮。故選C項(xiàng)。空后一句中的this指代空處所在句的內(nèi)容。 2.B　本題是選擇段落主題句。由上下文中段落主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處需要一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的祈使句。再結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 3.G　由空后一句中的“...if you’ve watched it without fail since it began.”可知,此處談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)已經(jīng)播出過(guò)的節(jié)目,而不是一個(gè)全新的節(jié)目。故選G項(xiàng)。 4.D　本段談?wù)摰闹黝}是要現(xiàn)實(shí)一點(diǎn),選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)目。本段中所舉的例子均是圍繞這一話題的。故選D項(xiàng)。 5.F　由空后的“Telling them ‘I want to be famous’...”及空前的“The show’s producers will...response.”可知,此處談?wù)摰氖悄阍谏暾?qǐng)參加節(jié)目時(shí)會(huì)被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題和你的回答。 Ⅲ.　　I once took part in a speech contest.SuchSo difficult was the topic that I pletely had no idea about it.Even athe time for preparation was so limited.I felt hopefulhopeless and wanted to give up.AndBut deep in my heart I didn’t want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and taketook the contest seriously.I kept remindreminding myself,“If I try my best,I won’t feel regretful,whicheverwhatever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my goal.AtIn the end,all my efforts paid off.I won first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it .