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1、UNIT 3 GRAMMAR AND USAGENon-restrictive attributive clauseWho is he?The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.who/thatThe man _ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. who/whom/that/Who is he?The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.who/thatThe man _ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. who/whom/that/The man _ she speaks i
2、s Brad Pitt.to whomWho is she?Amy, _ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.whoAmy, _ figure is fine, still wants to lose some weight.whoseStep2 PresentationA. This is the place where I lived ten years ago.B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to
3、 China in 1999.A. Those who want to go sign their names here.B. This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.想去的想去的那些那些人請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里人請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里簽名。這條子是約翰留的，他剛才來(lái)過(guò)這兒。Can you find differences between the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause and Restrictive Attributive Clause? 限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句和先行詞從句和先行詞關(guān)系關(guān)系密切，
4、密切，起限定作起限定作用用，如果去掉從，如果去掉從句，剩余部分意句，剩余部分意義不完整義不完整不密切，從句只是不密切，從句只是對(duì)先行詞對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用明作用，如果去掉，如果去掉從句，意義仍然完從句，意義仍然完整整逗號(hào)逗號(hào)無(wú)無(wú)有有翻譯翻譯譯成前置定語(yǔ)譯成前置定語(yǔ)“的的”譯成并列的分句譯成并列的分句Differences名稱區(qū)別有時(shí)同一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句變?yōu)榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句會(huì)改變?nèi)涞囊馑肌?. I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。姐姐。 ( (不只一位姐姐不只一位姐姐) )2. I have
5、a sister, who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作她在醫(yī)院工作。( (只有一位姐姐只有一位姐姐) )His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.當(dāng)先行詞是地名人名、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二當(dāng)先行詞是地名人名、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用只用非非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.1.He failed in the final e
6、xam, which made his father very angry.2. She came back to China, which surprised me a lot.3. The result turned out to be good , which we hadnt expected._總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞可以用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)主句！總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞可以用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)主句！非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中通常使用下列關(guān)系代詞和副詞關(guān)系代詞：which / who / whom / whose / as 關(guān)系副詞：when / where非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不用關(guān)系詞非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不用關(guān)系詞 that,
7、why；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞不能省略；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞不能省略Practice1. The famous basketball star, _ isan American, came to China yesterday.2. In those days, she used to go to Mr.black, with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.whoFill in the blanks with proper relative words.whichwhom1.
8、There are many people participating inthe competition, all of whom are teenagers.2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets.3. China has hundreds of islands, thelargest of which is Taiwan.4. I have two books, both of which werebought in America._Conclusion在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，一些表達(dá)數(shù)量的數(shù)
9、詞或代詞如 all / some / one / both / neither / none / any / either 等可與of構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞，此時(shí)先行詞在其后的定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞不可用that。如先行詞指人則用whom，如先行詞指物用which引導(dǎo)從句。1.There are a group of students in the hall, of whom two are from England.2. I have a lot of books on my bookshelf, of which some are written in English.3.
10、I am doing different types of exercises, of which two all are quite helpful to my health._Non-restrictive Attributive Clause There is a comma before Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. We cant use “that” in the Non-restrictiveAttributive Clause. In Non-restrictive Attributive Clause, we can use “whi
11、ch” to refer to the whole main clause. We can use all/ some/ most/ both/ part of + whom/ which to express a complete or partial quantity.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納：Examples:1. As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. 眾所周知，中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是個(gè)教師, 這點(diǎn)從她
12、的舉止可以清楚地看出。. as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 代 替整個(gè)主句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納：. as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 代 替整個(gè)主句。Examples:3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他錯(cuò)過(guò)了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。4. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他請(qǐng)我吃飯，這使我很高興。Conclusion1.as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as和which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。
13、這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都可指代主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。Conclusion2. as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的不同之處在于：as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句不可放在句首。as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若從句中的謂語(yǔ)為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。另外，as引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思,which常帶有“這，這個(gè)”的意思。Practice1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.whic
14、h3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.As2. The weather turned out to be verygood, _ was more than we couldexpect. whichMultiple Choice1.Jane received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.it B. that C. whichD. he2. I like Nanjing, _ has many famous placesof interest.
15、A. whereB. whichC. whenD. in which 3. My mother often goes to gym, _ she works out to keep fit.A.whereB. whichC. whenD. that4. She has two daughters, _ is good at music.A.neither of themB. either of themC. neither of whomD. but either of whom5. I spent my holiday beside the sea, _ I playedwith the s
16、mall girl.A. in whichB. during which C. whichD. that6. This is a high mountain, _ the top is always covered by snow.A.whoseB. on whichC. of whichD. that7. The brave man, _ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.A.Of whomB. by that C. by whomD. by which8. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he co
17、uld see what it was going on inside the house.A.on whichB. at whichC. through whichD. in which9. There are two thousand students in our school,_ are girls.A.two-thirds in whichB. two-thirds in themC. two-thirds of themD. of whom two thirds10. I have bought two ball-pens, _ writes well.A.neither of t
18、hemB. none of themC. neither of whichD. none of whichComparison1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that wereBDComparison2. He has two sons, _ are college studen
19、ts. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of itBCComparison3. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. H
20、e still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of whichBCDAComparison4. _ we all know, China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources. A. Which B. As C. It D. That
21、BCBComparison5. Is this museum _ he visited last month? The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one whoBD反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+附加疑問(wèn)句附加疑問(wèn)句否否肯肯否否肯肯附加疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞Be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞代詞代詞QUESTION TAGS CAN BE USED WHEN YOUask for agreement eg: y
22、ou still go to the gym every day, dont you ?ask for confirmation eg: you still go to the gym every day, dont you? He can not swim, _? He doesnt like sports,_? There is a radio on the table,_? They have to live early,_? They had a party last night,_? We need to go there, _? You neednt go there,_? Thi
23、s is very important, _? Everyone knows his job,_?can hedoes heisnt theredont theydidnt theydont weneed youisnt itdoesnt he/ dont they Post a letter for me, _? Dont do that again, _? Lets have a break, _? Let us go home now, _?祈使句祈使句肯定的祈使句后加上肯定的祈使句后加上will you/wouldt you構(gòu)成反意構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句否定的祈使句后加上否定的祈使句后加
24、上will you構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句有兩種情況：引導(dǎo)的祈使句有兩種情況：1)Lets.,后的反意疑問(wèn)句用_?2)Let us ,后的反意疑問(wèn)句用_?will youwill youwill youshall weshall wewill you He is hardly 14 years old, _? He has never seen the film, _? They seldom take exercise, _? They knew nothing about it, _?is hehas hedo theydid they當(dāng)陳述部分有當(dāng)陳述部分有hard
25、ly, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere,等否定代詞或否定副詞時(shí)，等否定代詞或否定副詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定形式。反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定形式。 He is unfit for the job, _? It is impossible for him twice, _? She dislikes apples, _?如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分仍如果陳述句部分是帶有否定前綴或后綴時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 isnt he isnt it d
26、oesnt she Something is wrong with my radio,_? This is a plane, _? Nothing could stop me from joining the summer camp, _? 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, nothing, anything或或something及指示代詞及指示代詞this或或that 時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用代詞用代詞it。isnt itisnt itcould it陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是 EVERYBODY, EVERYONE, ANYBODY, AN
27、YONE, SOMEBODY, SOMEONE, NOBODY, NO ONE, NONE, NEITHER 及指示代詞及指示代詞THESE或或THOSE時(shí)時(shí),其其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞THEY Everyone is here, _? No one knows about it, _? These are grapes，_?arent theydo theyarent they I dont think he can finish the work, _? I dont believe he will come tomorrow, _? I guess th
28、ey havent heard about the plan,_? He thinks that you are honest, _? You expected that you could have a surprise,_?can he will hedoesnt hedidnt you如果陳述句部分是如果陳述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等等) + 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句”， 反意疑問(wèn)句部分反意疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致，并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致，并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如果主語(yǔ)是二，三人稱，疑問(wèn)部分與主句
29、相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成如果主語(yǔ)是二，三人稱，疑問(wèn)部分與主句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句。have theyIm late for the meeting,_? Im not doing well,_?當(dāng)陳述句部分是當(dāng)陳述句部分是I am時(shí)，時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用arent I；如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是如陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是I am not時(shí)，時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用反意疑問(wèn)句部分通常要用am I。arent Iam IHe must copy the new words twice, _?You mustnt stop here, _?You must be tired, _ ?
30、You must have read the story last term,_? You must have seen the film, _? didnt youhavent you?neednt youmust youarent you1. 若若must表示表示“必須必須”或或“有必要有必要”，疑問(wèn)部分用疑問(wèn)部分用 neednt 2. 是若陳述部分有是若陳述部分有mustnt表示表示禁止禁止，疑問(wèn)部分要，疑問(wèn)部分要must 3. 若若must表示推測(cè)，疑問(wèn)部分不能用表示推測(cè)，疑問(wèn)部分不能用must，而應(yīng)根據(jù)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)采后的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)采 用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式：用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式
31、： 陳述句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是陳述句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是must + have + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞時(shí)，如果時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè), 依據(jù)是依據(jù)是(句中有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句中有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))，反，反意疑問(wèn)句根據(jù)動(dòng)詞用意疑問(wèn)句根據(jù)動(dòng)詞用didnt / wasnt / werent +主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)。陳述句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是陳述句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是must + have + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞時(shí)，如果時(shí)，如果只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，反意疑問(wèn)句用只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，反意疑問(wèn)句用havent / hasnt +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) He was a lazy child, and he didnt pas
32、s the exam, _? 并列句疑問(wèn)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。并列句疑問(wèn)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。 He is not the man who gave us a talk, _? He said he wanted to visit Japan,_? 主從復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句, 疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定is hedidnt hedid he反意疑問(wèn)句的回答1.- It is raining now, _? - _.2.- You dont think the Olympic Games are successful, _? - _.
33、isnt itNo, it isntdo youYes, I do如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes，事，事實(shí)是否定的，就要用實(shí)是否定的，就要用no。1 He was among the first to arrive at the finish line,_ surprised us all.A where B which C what D that2 Beijing,_there are a lot of interesting places, is the capital of China.A which B that C where D what3 At last th
34、e time came,_ I achieved my goal.A what B that C which D whenPractice Practice 6 Huangshan ,_ has too many visitors every year, now has pollution problems. A that B which C where D as 5 The house, _ windows face south, was sold at a very high price. A which B that C whose D his 4 _ everyone knows, C
35、hina is a country with a long history. A As B Which C That D What7 I still remember the days _ I spent in Dalian.A when B that C as D what8 He hurt his leg when playing football. He is very lucky, _ he?A is B didnt C isnt D does 1,You are new here,_?2,Bob doesnt like thrillers,_?3,The park is really
36、 crowded,_?4,There wont be more pollution in ten years,_?5,You were born in Shanghai,_?6,You dont speak Chinese,_?7,Peter hasnt arrived yet,_?8,Mary speaks good Chinese,_?9,Hell be back tomorrow,_?10,John has grown a lot ,_?arent you does he isnt it will there werent you do you has he doesnt she wont he hasnt he
湖南省衡南縣第九中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)《Unit3 Look good, feeling goodgrammar》課件 牛津版必修1
