遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市第二十一中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) Module 4 A Social Survey My NeighbourhoodGrammar課件 外研版必修1

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1、Module 4A Social Survey My Neighborhood 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞 John has broken his left leg.Ive just copied all the new words.She hasnt f

2、inished her homework yet.I have never seen him before Have you ever made dumplings? Yes, I have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時(shí)，常與對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時(shí)，常與時(shí)間副詞時(shí)間副詞already(已經(jīng)已經(jīng)) ，yet(還、已經(jīng)還、已經(jīng)) ，just(剛剛、僅僅剛剛、僅僅) ，ever(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) ，never(從不從不) ，before(以前以前)等連用。等連用。2. 持續(xù)性用法（肯定句，疑問(wèn)句中

3、謂語(yǔ)持續(xù)性用法（肯定句，疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）：）：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與 “for 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間” 或或“since過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句(從句用一從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)) ”以及以及so far(到目前為止到目前為止)等時(shí)等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用間狀語(yǔ)連用。 Ive lived here since 1990 自從自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。年以來(lái)我就住在這里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here

4、for 13 years.= It is 13 years since I began to live here.按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。1. He has already finished his homework.（改為否定句）（改為否定句） He _ finished his homework _. 2They have found the lost books already. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作否定回答）（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_ hasntyetHavefoundalr

5、eadyhavent3. Julia has not got home from school yet（改為肯定句）（改為肯定句） Julia _ _ _ home from school 4. You have never been to Shanghai before, _ _?（改為反意疑問(wèn)句）（改為反意疑問(wèn)句） 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改（改為反意疑問(wèn)句）為反意疑問(wèn)句）has already got havent youhashe6. Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999. （改為同

6、義句）（改為同義句） Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999. 7. I havent seen him for three years. (同義同義句句) I _ _ _ since three years ago.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (對(duì)劃線提問(wèn)對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))has taught havent seen himHow long have they lived here?高考真題高考真題C1. - _ David and Vicky _ married? - For about

7、 three years. (北京北京2003) A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; getD2. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2011湖南湖南) A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended3. When you are home, give a call to l

8、et me know you _ safely. (2010全國(guó)課標(biāo)全國(guó)課標(biāo)I) A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arriveB4. Up to now, the program _ thousand of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山東山東) A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved D一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)

9、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to no

10、w 等，一般為一段時(shí)間。等，一般為一段時(shí)間?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如：或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know等；等；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)長(zhǎng)用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：而一般過(guò)去時(shí)長(zhǎng)用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如語(yǔ)連用，如: live,

11、 study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等等2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 (終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞/短暫性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞) 不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如如: come, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1. a

12、rrivebe here leavebe away start be on finish be over openbe open marrybe married put onbe on 2. put onwear borrowkeep buyhave catch a coldhave a coldI saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，即電影的內(nèi)容（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，即電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so e

13、arly? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)）（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （有人卷子未交，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）（有人卷子未交，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）He has been in the league for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）He has been a league member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型It is the first / second time that 在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成在

14、這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：時(shí)。如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the first time Ive heard him sing.This is + 形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí) + that在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：成時(shí)。如：This is the best film that Ive ever seen. Recall the sentences from A Lively City, and fill in the blanks with on

15、e proper words.1. I _ quite a lot of China 2. I _ some beautiful cities.3. They _ just completed it.4. They _ a lot of high-rise buildings recently.have seenhave visitedhavehave put up5. A friend _ me about a nice little fish restaurant near here.6. This is the first time I _ visited your hometown.7

16、. This is one of the most attractive places I _ to.have toldhavehave beenTranslate these sentences into English.1. 湯姆回來(lái)了。湯姆回來(lái)了。湯姆回來(lái)一個(gè)多星期了。湯姆回來(lái)一個(gè)多星期了。Tom has come back.Tom has been back for over a week.2. 你今天下午什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)學(xué)校的？你今天下午什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)學(xué)校的？ 你離開(kāi)學(xué)校多久了？你離開(kāi)學(xué)校多久了？When did you leave school this afternoon?How lo

17、ng have you been away from school?3. 他在他在1998年買(mǎi)了這輛自行車。年買(mǎi)了這輛自行車。 他自從來(lái)到我們學(xué)校就買(mǎi)了這輛他自從來(lái)到我們學(xué)校就買(mǎi)了這輛自行車。自行車。He bought the bike in 1998.He has had the bike since he came to our school.4. 上個(gè)月我借了這本書(shū)。上個(gè)月我借了這本書(shū)。 這本書(shū)我借了一個(gè)月了。這本書(shū)我借了一個(gè)月了。I borrowed the book last month.I have kept the book for a month.5. 電影是半小時(shí)之前開(kāi)始的。

18、電影是半小時(shí)之前開(kāi)始的。 電影已放映半小時(shí)了。電影已放映半小時(shí)了。The film began half an hour ago.The film has been on for half an hour.Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. （全國(guó)（全國(guó)高考）高考） A. wasB. had been C. has beenD. will be解析：解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 課文原文課文原文: You

19、know, Ive seen quite a lot of China and Ive visited some beautiful cities, .CThis is the first time we _ a film in thecinema together as a family.（陜西高考）（陜西高考） A. seeB. had seen C. sawD. have seen 解析：解析： 在在This / It is the first / second . time that從句中，從句中，that從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：這是第一次我們?nèi)?/p>

20、家人一起到電影院句意為：這是第一次我們?nèi)胰艘黄鸬诫娪霸嚎措娪?。看電影?課文原文課文原文: And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown.D Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. （全國(guó)（全國(guó)高考）高考） A. has joinedB. joins C. had joinedD. joined解析解析 考查主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，考查主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)這一結(jié)構(gòu)。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)這

21、一結(jié)構(gòu)。 課文原文：課文原文： It has been six years since we last saw each other, you know.DSallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _?（上海高考）（上海高考） A. hasnt sheB. has she C. isnt sheD. is she 解析：解析：句中出現(xiàn)了否定副詞句中出現(xiàn)了否定副詞never,因此這是一個(gè)否因此這是一個(gè)否定句，故在變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要用肯定形式，故可排定句，故在變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要用肯定形式，故可排除除A、C；又因?yàn)?；又因?yàn)镾allys是是Sally has的縮寫(xiě)，即是現(xiàn)的縮寫(xiě)，即是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選has she。 課文原文：課文原文： Mr. Yang, youre from Nanchang, arent you?B