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1、第二章第二章 詞詞 類類第二節(jié)第二節(jié) 冠冠 詞詞 知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理一、冠詞的概念一、冠詞的概念冠詞是一種虛詞,本身沒有詞義,也不能單獨(dú)使冠詞是一種虛詞,本身沒有詞義,也不能單獨(dú)使用,要用在名詞或形容詞的前面。用,要用在名詞或形容詞的前面。二、冠詞的分類二、冠詞的分類三、冠詞的用法1. 不定冠詞的用法(1)與數(shù)詞one同源,表示“一個(gè)”,泛指某人或某物,但語(yǔ)氣不如one 強(qiáng)烈。如:There is a lamp on the desk. (2)代表一類人或物。如:A driver is the one who drives. An elephant is the biggest animal o
2、n the land. (3)不定冠詞a和an的選用大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a。如:a bag, a computer以元音字母a,e,i,o開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,通常在其前面用an。如:an apple, an egg, an ice-cream, an orange以元音字母u 開頭的單詞,有兩種情況:a. 當(dāng)該字母的發(fā)音是元音/ /時(shí),前面用an。如:an umbrella, an uncleb. 當(dāng)該字母的發(fā)音是輔音/ju /時(shí),前面用a。如:a university student, a unit有的單詞不是以元音字母開頭,但是其第一個(gè)音素是元音音素的,也要用an。如:an hour,
3、an FM radio【注】判斷一個(gè)單詞是否以元音開頭,要根據(jù)單詞音標(biāo)的第一個(gè)因素。 2. 定冠詞的用法定冠詞the在句中或是文中可理解為“this”或“that”, 在復(fù)數(shù)句子中理解為 “these” 或“those”。有“這(那)個(gè)(些)”的意思,但語(yǔ)氣較弱,要和名詞連用來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。(1)特指雙方都明白的人或物。如:Look at the picture on the wall. (2)指上文已提到過的人或物。如:There is a boy at table. The boys name is Mike. (3)指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。如:the sun, the moo
4、n, the earth, the sky(4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物。如:the dollar, the fox (5)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體。如:They are the students of Class One. 他們是一班的學(xué)生。(指全體學(xué)生)They are students of Class One. 他們是一班的學(xué)生。(指部分學(xué)生)(6)與形容詞連用,表示一類人。如:the rich, the poor(7)用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前。如:on the second floor,the 12th birthday party,the tallest boy,the sh
5、ortest player (8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞前。如:the Peoples Republic of China, the United States of America (9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前。如:play the piano, play the violin, play the pipa(10)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人。如:the Greens, the Wangs (11)用在慣用語(yǔ)中。如:in the day, in the morning, the day after tomorrow3. 零冠詞的用法(1)國(guó)名、人名前通常不用定冠詞
6、。如:China is a great country. Bingo is his name. (2)在季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不用冠詞。如:Spring is the first season of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week. (3)在三餐之前,不用冠詞。如:have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner / supper(4)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不用冠詞。如:Failure is the mother of success.(5)在球類名詞之前,不用冠詞。如:pla
7、y basketball, play football, play badminton(6)在學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言名詞之前, 不用冠詞。如: have Chinese class, speak English (7)當(dāng)by與交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),名詞之前不用冠詞。如:by bus, by train(8)當(dāng)名詞前面有this, that, my, his, every, some,名詞所有格等修飾詞時(shí),不用冠詞。如:This is my schoolbag. Amys doll is pink. (9)有些個(gè)體名詞,如:school, hospital等,當(dāng)它們直接置于介詞后時(shí),表示該名詞的深層
8、含義;若名詞前加定冠詞the,則表示一般含義。如: 考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 考查冠詞的用法考查冠詞的用法 【例1】用a,an, the 或 / 填空。 1. She has apple and pear. 2. I can speak Chinese and English well. 3. Mike can play guitar and play football. 4. After I hadquick breakfast, I hurried to school. 解析:此類題考查冠詞在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的不同用法。 第1小題關(guān)鍵看apple 和pear
9、 兩個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母的發(fā)音是元音還是輔音;第2小題語(yǔ)言名詞前用零冠詞;第3小題樂器名詞前用定冠詞,球類名詞前用零冠詞;第4小題注意三餐名稱前若有形容詞,則可在形容詞前加不定冠詞 a。 答案:1. an;a2. /;/3. the;/4. a 舉一反三 1. 用 a 或 an 填空。 (1) eye (2) ear (3) mouth (4) old man (5) honest boy (6) useful book 2. 用正確的冠詞填空。 (1)We study 8 hours day. (2)He is tallest student in our class. (3)I had br
10、eakfast at 7:00 this morning. (4)I often have big dinner on my birthday. anaanananaathea/【例2】單項(xiàng)填空。()Mr Black will go to Beijing . A. by air B. by a plane C. take a plane解析:本題考查冠詞的使用和短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。by 與交通工具連用時(shí),用零冠詞,B選項(xiàng)本身有錯(cuò),不可選;take a plane 本身沒有錯(cuò),但是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用在句子此處不合適。by air 與by plane, by airplane, by aeroplane 同義
11、,均意為“乘飛機(jī)”。 答案:A 舉一反三 3. 在下列句子中的橫線處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~或/。 (1) Lets go out for walk. (2) Did you have big dinner last night? (3) Washington is capital of USA. 4. 單項(xiàng)填空。( ) woman over there is popular teacher in our school. A. A; theB. The; aC. The; the theaaB過關(guān)檢測(cè)過關(guān)檢測(cè)一、用不定冠詞一、用不定冠詞a或或an 填空。填空。1. _ egg2. _ boy3. _ s
12、tudent4. _ umbrella5. _ university6. _ hour7. _ old house8. _ young man9. _ English book二、用二、用a,an,the或或 / 填空填空,補(bǔ)全句子。補(bǔ)全句子。1. I have _English book. _ book is very interesting. 2. That is _ orange. Its _ big orange. anaaanaananananTheanaa3. Today is _ Sunday. Its _ first day of a week. 4. _ sun is muc
13、h bigger than _ moon. 5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of _ China. 6. The sun comes out in _ morning and sets down in _ evening.7. What _ interesting film it is!I like _ film very much. 8. Lets go for _ walk, shall we? 9. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth?10. I have two dogs. _ black one is
14、 young and _ yellow one is old./theThethe/thetheanathethethetheThethethe三、單項(xiàng)填空。三、單項(xiàng)填空。()1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl. A. aB. anC. theD. /()2. Mike is from America.A. aB. anC. theD. /()3. This is useful book.A. aB. anC. theD. / ()4. He is artist. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()5. This is my pet dog.A. aB. anC.
15、 theD. /ADABD()6. Ann likes playing piano very much.A. aB. anC. theD. / ()7. Mrs Black often goes to school to see her son John.A. aB. anC. theD. / ()8. This is map of world. A. a; a B. the; theC. a; theD. the; a () 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Lets go to classroom.A. a; a B. the; theC. a; theD. the; a ()10. Tokyo is capital of Japan.A. a; a B. the; theC. a; theD. the; / CCCBD