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1、Part 2 Of 211. cause, reason與excuse三個(gè)詞都可以作名詞,cause是自然造成某種結(jié) 果的原因；reason指在事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上通過邏輯 判斷出來的理由,常與for短語(yǔ)連用；excuse表示 “辯解,借口”,指為某一行為所做的解釋,可以 是真的,也可以是托詞。 make up an excuse 編造一個(gè)借口Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太多并不是不學(xué)習(xí)的借口。Heart trouble is one of the most serious causes of death among old people
2、.心臟病是導(dǎo)致老年人死亡的最重要的原因之一。(不用reason)The cause of the fire is not known yet.大火的原因還不清楚。(不用reason)The reason (why) I was absent yesterday is that I was sick.我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。(不用cause)We have no reason to disbelieve him.我們沒有理由不相信他。(不用cause) 名詞cause可接介詞或of短語(yǔ),cause for后接表 示憂慮、埋怨、驚恐等感情的詞,如cause for anger / regret
3、 / anxiety / complaint(生氣/后悔/憂 慮/埋怨的原因),cause of后接感覺以外的名詞。 如：cause of the delay / the noise / the fighting/ the disaster(耽擱/噪音/打架/災(zāi)難的原因)。 在The reason (why) I was absent is that I was sick. 這一句中，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的why可以換成 for which, that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,不能換成because。cause可用作動(dòng)詞,cause trouble to/for people =cause people trou
4、ble表示“給人帶來麻煩”, cause the patient much pain(使病人感到疼痛), 也可用 cause sb. to do這一結(jié)構(gòu)。 The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up. 干旱使得蔬菜價(jià)格上漲。 The shaking of his hands caused the old teacher to give up teaching. 手的顫抖病使得那位老教師放棄了教學(xué)工作。reason可以作動(dòng)詞,意為“推理,推論,評(píng)理,勸說”。 reason from general laws 從一般規(guī)律推論 reason wi
5、th sb. for / against sth. 為了贊成/反對(duì)某事而與某人評(píng)理1. 起火的原因是不謹(jǐn)慎。 The _ of the fire was carelessness.2. 那些植物死于何種原因？ What _ the plants _ die?causecaused to12. compare compare作“比較”解時(shí),常用作及物動(dòng)詞,與介 詞with或to搭配,指同類事物的具體比較。 Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 把這個(gè)和那個(gè)比較一下,你就可以看出哪個(gè)比 較好了。compare作“比作”解
6、時(shí),與介詞to搭配,是非同類事物的抽象比較。Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亞把人生比作舞臺(tái)。People often compare girls to flowers.人們常把姑娘比作花朵。表示比較,可以用compare with或compare to,但表示比喻,只能用compare to。過去分詞短語(yǔ)compared to或compared with表示“與比起來”,常在句中作狀語(yǔ),可位于句首或句尾,介詞to和with可通用。It was a small place when compared to/with what it is
7、 now.和現(xiàn)在比起來,那時(shí)它還是一個(gè)小地方。13. 有關(guān)pull的短語(yǔ)pull up (使)停住pull out 從車站開出,離站pull in 到站,進(jìn)站pull through 恢復(fù)健康pull down 拆毀The car pulled up at the traffic lights.汽車在交通燈處停了下來。We were still on the platform when the train pulled out.當(dāng)火車離站時(shí),我們?nèi)栽谡九_(tái)上。The train pulled in and my mother got out of the first carriage.火車進(jìn)站了
8、,媽媽從第一個(gè)車廂中走了出來。He was badly injured when falling off a horse but he will pull through.從馬上掉下來后,他嚴(yán)重受傷,但會(huì)恢復(fù)的。That building on the corner was very old. They pulled it down and put up a modern bank.角落的那棟樓太舊了,他們把它拆毀,建成一棟現(xiàn)代化銀行。1. 從羅馬來的快車準(zhǔn)時(shí)進(jìn)站了。 The express from Rome _ on time.2. 司機(jī)遇到交通燈時(shí)將車停下來。 The driver _
9、when he came to the traffic lights.pulled inpulled up14. be fed up with / of / about 對(duì)感到厭煩,厭倦 She will be a bit fed up if you dont telephone her. 如果你不給她打電話,她會(huì)不高興的。 Im fed up of waiting for him, I must go now! 我等他都等煩了,我這就走！ Im rather fed up with/about your complaint. 我聽夠了你的牢騷。15. meanvt. say sth. in
10、different words 意思是,意味著 What do you mean by saying so? 你這么說是什么意思？ What does this word mean? =What is meant by this word? 這個(gè)詞做什么解釋？ What he said meant hiring more workers. 他的意思是再雇一些工人。vt. want or plan to do sth. 意欲,企圖 I didnt mean to hurt you. 我本無意要傷害你。 He means to make progress. 他意欲取得進(jìn)步。mean作第一個(gè)意思解時(shí)
11、,后面的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞,作第二個(gè)意思解時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞用不定式。mean sth. to sb. 對(duì)某人重要，對(duì)某人有價(jià)值 Your friendship means a great deal to me. 你的友誼對(duì)我極為珍貴。adj. 粗陋的,破爛不堪的;吝惜的,自私的 a mean house in a mean street 破爛街道上的簡(jiǎn)陋房屋 Her husband is rather mean over money matters. 她的丈夫?qū)﹀X財(cái)相當(dāng)吝惜。mean to do sth. 打算做某事be meant to do sth. 應(yīng)該干某事Do you mean to
12、say? 你的意思是說嗎？What do you mean by? 你是什么意思？You dont mean to say so. 你不是這個(gè)意思吧。1. Why didnt you tell Anna the truth? I _(我本來打算). But I was lacking in the courage.2. You _(應(yīng)該) attend your sisters wedding. Why didnt you come?meant to havewere meant to16. agreeagree to (do) sth. 同意/答應(yīng)做某事agree with 與意見一致;與符
13、合； 適宜于的健康或體質(zhì)agree on 就取得一致意見I asked him to help me and he agreed.我請(qǐng)他幫忙,他答應(yīng)了。They agreed to our study plan at once.他們立即同意了我們的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。I do not agree with what you have said.我不同意你所說的。Your story agreed with what I had already heard.你所說的故事和我所聽到的相符。The climate doesnt agree with me.這氣候?qū)ξ也贿m宜。They all agree on
14、the matter.他們?cè)谶@個(gè)問題上意見一致。The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiations.雙方商定了談判的日期。1. 瑪麗的父親已同意她嫁給約翰。 Marys father has _ her marrying John.2. 這賬單與你原來的估計(jì)不符合。 This bill does not _ your original estimate.3. 他們商定了合同的條件。 They _ the terms of the contract.agreed toagree withagreed on / upon17. go up 上
15、升；攀登 I believe prices might go up next week. 我想下周的價(jià)格也許會(huì)上漲。 The river / temperature is going up. 河水在上漲/溫度在上升。 They went up the mountain/trees. 他們爬上了山/爬上了樹。go up to 上升到 go up by 上升了18. carry out, carry on與carry throughcarry out 進(jìn)行,實(shí)行 We must carry out the plan to the full. 我們必須不折不扣地執(zhí)行計(jì)劃。 There is some
16、 difficulty in carrying out the experiment. 進(jìn)行這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有些困難。carry on 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,堅(jiān)持下去 They carried on in spite of the difficult conditions. 盡管條件困難,他們?nèi)詧?jiān)持下去。 Well carry on our talk tomorrow. 我們明天繼續(xù)談。carry through 完成,進(jìn)行到底 Having made a promise, you must carry it through. 既已許下承諾,你必須履行它。1. 繼續(xù)做你的針線活兒,我來給你讀一個(gè)故事。 _your
17、 sewing while I read you a story.2. 他們堅(jiān)決地執(zhí)行了交給他們的任務(wù)。 They resolutely _ the tasks assigned to them.3. 他的勇氣會(huì)幫助他克服一切困難。 His courage will _ him _ all difficulties.Carry on withcarried outcarry through19. get stuck in 被困于 I was late because I got/was stuck in the traffic jam. 因?yàn)槿囄疫t到了。 The car got stuck
18、in the mud. 車陷入泥濘里了?！癵et+過去分詞”的常見短語(yǔ)：get married結(jié)婚 get hurt受傷get scolded受責(zé)備 get excited激動(dòng)get cheated受騙 get started開始get bored厭煩 get paid被付get confused被弄糊涂 get dismissed被開除get beaten挨打 get killed被殺get caught in為所困When I asked Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up, she told me six t
19、hings.當(dāng)我問珍妮托爾關(guān)于綠色和平怎樣放棄時(shí)，她告訴我6件事情。本句中,疑問詞how+動(dòng)詞不定式to give up作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)。此外,“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”還可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)、句子的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等。I dont know what to do next.(賓)我不知道下一步該做什么。When to start hasnt been decided.(主)什么時(shí)候出發(fā)還沒有決定。My problem is where to stay tonight.(表)我的問題是今晚在哪里過夜。Please give me some advice on how to learn English
20、.(賓)請(qǐng)給我一些關(guān)于如何學(xué)英語(yǔ)的建議。1. 你能教我怎樣用電腦嗎？ _2. 我不知道是否該給他回信。 _ _Can you teach me how to use the computer?I dont know whether to answer his letter(or not).如何使用高級(jí)詞匯及如何使句式多樣化如何使用高級(jí)詞匯及如何使句式多樣化 高考英語(yǔ)寫作部分在語(yǔ)言方面的要求中有：能盡量使用較高級(jí)詞匯。英文寫作中若有高級(jí)詞匯，是獲取高分的重要條件之一，但如何使用高級(jí)詞匯？ 1注意使用詞組、習(xí)語(yǔ)來代替一些單詞以增加文采。如：用catch sight of代替see，用care no
21、thing for代替dislike等。 2使用一些很有“洋味”的單詞。 Thank you for sharing the time with us. (用share而不用spend) The noise nearly drove me mad. (用drive而不用 make) Tom had his leg broken last week. (用have his leg broken而不用break his leg) 3避免重復(fù)使用同一單詞或短語(yǔ)。如：用We have built a new classroom building besides the oldone and we ha
22、ve also set up a library where the old one used to be. 比用We have built a new classroom building besides the old one and we have also built a library where the old one used to be. 好。 英文寫作中，不同的思想內(nèi)容要用不同的句式來表達(dá)；而同一思想內(nèi)容也可以用不同的句式來表達(dá)。句式不同，表達(dá)效果也就不同。只有句式多樣化，文章才會(huì)生動(dòng)有趣，充滿活力。 可是，在實(shí)際寫作中，初學(xué)寫作的學(xué)生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的簡(jiǎn)單句，文章單
23、調(diào)乏味，毫無生氣。筆者認(rèn)為，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂媚承┓椒ɑ蚴侄斡兄趯?shí)際表達(dá)形式的多樣化，增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果。下面將常用方法簡(jiǎn)單介紹如下： 1改變句子的開頭方式。不要一味地都是主語(yǔ)開頭， 可以把狀語(yǔ)置于句首等。如： (原) He was still absorbed in his work deep into the night. (改) Deep into the night, he was absorbed in his work. 2學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用特殊句式。 省略句： If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 倒裝句： Not only did he refus
24、e the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It was at that moment that he changed his mind. 3學(xué)會(huì)使用復(fù)合句、分詞狀語(yǔ)、感嘆句、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格、it句型等多種句式。如： (原)Yesterday my father went to Tianhe Mall. He bought us a lot of gifts. (改)Yesterday my father went to Tianhe Mall where he bought us a lot of gifts
25、. (原)There was nothing else to do. We went home. (改)There being nothing else to do, we went home. 英語(yǔ)的句式是多種多樣的，只要從要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容出發(fā)合理選用，文章的句式就會(huì)富于變化。在學(xué)習(xí)寫作的過程中，學(xué)生應(yīng)不斷練習(xí)構(gòu)造各種各樣的句式，以提高語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。按要求改寫下列句子1. The singer came out of the airport. A lot of fans followed him. He had a bunch of flowers in his hand. (1)簡(jiǎn)單句：_(2
26、)并列句：_ Followed by a lot of fans, the singer came out of the airport, with a bunch of flowers in his hand. The singer came out of the airport, with a bunch of flowers in his hand, and a lot of fans followed him. (3)復(fù)合句：_ The singer who was followed by a lot of fans came out of the airport, with a bu
27、nch of flowers in his hand. 2.My uncle lives in a small town. In the town there is a big factory. He has worked there for sixteen years. (1)用it改寫上組句子：_ (2)用復(fù)合句和并列句改寫：_ My uncle lives in a small town. In it there is a big factory. He has worked there for sixteen years. In the small town where my uncle lives, there is a big factory, and he has worked there for sixteen years.(3)用復(fù)合句和簡(jiǎn)單句改寫：_(4)用復(fù)合句改寫：_ My uncle lives in a small town, where there is a big factory. He has worked there for sixteen years. My uncle has worked for sixteen years in a big factory in the small town where he lives.
高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) M3 unit 92 Wheels課件 北師大版
