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1、Unit 21Unit 21Human BiologyHuman Biology重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞1.interval n.間隔;間歇2.circulate vi.循環(huán)circulation n.循環(huán)3.digest vt.消化digestion n.消化;領(lǐng)悟4.abuse vt.& n.濫用;虐待;辱罵5.tolerate vt.容忍tolerant adj.寬容的;容忍的,忍受的tolerance n.容忍;寬容6.fundamental adj.根本的,基本的7.annual adj.每年的;一年一次的,年度的annually adv.每年;每年一次 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞pu
2、lsory adj.強(qiáng)制性的;義務(wù)的compulsive adj.強(qiáng)迫的,強(qiáng)制的9.controversial adj.有爭議的controversy n.論戰(zhàn);公開辯論10.oppose vt.反對support (反義詞)vt.支持11.violate vt.違反,違背;侵害violation n.違反;妨礙;侵害12.privileged adj.榮幸的privilege n.特權(quán);榮幸13.cater vi.滿足;迎合14.treat vt.款待;對待treatment n.對待重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞15.postpone vt.推遲;延期16.prohibit vt.禁止prohi
3、bition n.禁止17.unite vt.聯(lián)合;團(tuán)結(jié);統(tǒng)一united adj.聯(lián)合的;團(tuán)結(jié)的;統(tǒng)一的18.symptom n.癥狀19.routine n.常規(guī);慣例;一套動作20.adaptation n.變化;變種adapt vi.適應(yīng) vt.改編,改寫;使適應(yīng)21.foreseevt.預(yù)見22.underlinevt.表明重要性;強(qiáng)調(diào);在下面畫線23.systematicadj.系統(tǒng)化的systemn.系統(tǒng);體系 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞24.faith n.信心faithful adj.有信心的25.temporary adj.臨時的;短暫的26.sacred adj.神圣的27
4、.rob vt.使喪失;搶劫28.terminal adj.致命的;晚期的 n.終點(diǎn)站;終端29.decline vi.下降;減少 n.減少;衰落30.minimum n.最低;最小maximum (反義詞)n.最高;最大31.equip vt.使有準(zhǔn)備;配備,裝備equipment n.裝備,設(shè)備重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞32.concern n.擔(dān)心;擔(dān)憂concerning prep.關(guān)于,就而言concerned adj.擔(dān)心的;有關(guān)的33.vote vt.& vi.表決;投票 n.投票;選舉34.sceptical/skeptical adj.懷疑的35.circumstance n.
5、情形;情況36.absurd adj.不合理的;荒謬的37.seek vt.尋找;謀求 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞1.track and field田徑運(yùn)動2.in vain徒然,白費(fèi)力氣3.at random任意地;隨便地4.at all costs不惜任何代價;無論如何5.straight away立刻,馬上6.wipe out徹底毀滅7.stop sth.in its tracks終止;消滅8.at any rate無論如何;至少9.be jealous of 嫉妒10.make it成功達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)11.get down to開始;著手做12.get through 完成(任務(wù));度過;
6、使明白;通過 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞1.假如本屆奧運(yùn)會冠軍馬里昂瓊斯服用興奮劑的話,她很可能已多次打破了這項世界紀(jì)錄。If current Olympic champion,Marion Jones,took such drugs,she would probably have broken that world record more than once.2.對于獲勝者,可以強(qiáng)制性檢測。而對其他參賽選手,則只能隨機(jī)抽查。It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at ra
7、ndom.3.隨著國際的共同努力,我們就該相信人們會及時找到解決方案來徹底消滅禽流感。With all the international effort being made,we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.4.成千上萬的人本可以受益于傳統(tǒng)中藥,卻因為無知錯過機(jī)會,這似乎真的很可惜。It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited fr
8、om Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance. When we talk about breaking records,we come across the issue of performance-enhancing drugs.These drugs are originally developed 1.to help(help) people with illnesses,but in the wrong hands,they create supreme athletes making them fast
9、er and stronger than is normal for human beings.2.Taking(take) these drugs is known as “doping”,and they cause serious health problems for those who abuse them.Doping is not only a problem in athletics,it is part of every sport 3.where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are pre
10、pared 4.to cheat to do so.5.Unfortunately(fortunate),it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.New drugs are developed all 6.the time and drug tests for sporting events are often one step behind.However,doping is not the only thing we need to worry about.Unless we are careful,“gene-therap
11、y” will be the next big threat.For medical purposes,scientists have already found ways to build muscle and increase strength by 7.changing(change) peoples genes.If gene-therapy were used now,it would be almost 8.impossible(possible) to find out. In todays world,winners are celebrated and treated 9.a
12、s heroes,but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events,the word “hero” will have lost all 10.meaning(mean). 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞toleratevt.容許;忍受,容忍The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是基本的欺騙手段,體育界是不會容忍運(yùn)動員服用興奮劑的。(教材原句P3
13、4)常見用法tolerate sth.容許/容忍/忍受某事tolerate doing sth.容忍/容許做某事This sort of behavior will not be tolerated.這種行為是不容許的。 She refused to tolerate being called a liar.她拒不接受被稱為撒謊者。 Many workers said they couldnt tolerate the long hours.許多工人表示他們無法忍受長時間的工作。 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞拓展延伸1.tolerance n.容忍,寬容2.tolerant adj.容忍的,寬容的
14、be tolerant of.寬容/容忍現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句填空1.She was tolerant(tolerate) of different views.2.Our teacher wont tolerate cheating (cheat) on exams.3.My tolerance of your impoliteness is limited. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞seekvt.尋找;謀求Doping is not only a problem in athletics,it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve
15、 beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用興奮劑不僅是田徑運(yùn)動中存在的問題,每個運(yùn)動項目都存在這個問題,運(yùn)動員尋求超越自身極限而準(zhǔn)備這樣做來欺騙別人。(教材原句P34)常見用法seek out找出,搜出seek after/for尋找,尋求;追求seek sth.from sb.向某人尋求某物seek to do sth.打算/試圖做某事He is seeking after wealth and power.他在追求財富和權(quán)力。 I am always seeking to improve my tea
16、ching method.我一直在設(shè)法改進(jìn)我的教學(xué)方法。 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.He sought to change my mind,but he failed.2.We shouldnt seek for/after fame.3.The boss finally sought out a proper person for the position. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞opposevt.& vi.反對;阻礙Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research
17、 into it.基因治療是很有爭議的,所以許多人反對進(jìn)一步研究它。(教材原句P34)常見用法oppose (doing) sth.反對(做)某事Father does not oppose the idea at all.父親絲毫不反對這個想法。拓展延伸1.opposed adj.反對的,對立的be opposed to (doing) sth.反對(做)某事2.object to (doing) sth.反對(做)某事be against sth.反對某事 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反對與他人一起外出購物
18、。I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反對收停車費(fèi)?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句填空1.The committee is totally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2.The President opposes giving(give) military aid to this country.3.The professor, opposed(oppose) to carrying out the project,made a comment on the report. 重點(diǎn)短語重
19、點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞robvt.搶劫;掠奪;使喪失Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.由于心臟病發(fā)作使大腦缺氧而造成永久性傷害,1990年苔莉陷入昏迷。(教材原句P40)常見用法rob sb./sp.of sth.搶劫某人/某地的某物They knocked him down and robbed him of his watch.他們把他打倒在地,然后搶走了他的手表。 Nobody can rob me of my rig
20、ht to work and speak.誰也不能剝奪我工作和說話的權(quán)利。 拓展延伸robbery n.搶劫 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞詞義辨析1.rob 指公開地“搶”、“奪”(通常使用暴力);句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:rob+被搶的人或地方+of+被搶的東西。They robbed the bank of a lot of money.他們從銀行搶了很多錢。2.steal 則指在人們不防備或不在場的情況下悄悄地“偷”;句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:steal+被偷的東西+from+某人或某地。They stole a lot of money from the bank.他們從銀行偷了很多錢?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.J
21、ane told the policeman that her gold necklace had been robbed of .2.They robbed the people of their liberty.3.The purse has been stolen from my pocket. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞equipvt.使有準(zhǔn)備;配備,裝備常見用法equip.with.用裝備equip.for sth./to do sth.為了而裝備We equip our children with a good education.我們讓孩子們接受良好的教育。Your educati
22、on will equip you for a job.你所受的教育將使你具備就業(yè)的能力。拓展延伸equipment n.U裝備,設(shè)備a piece of equipment一件設(shè)備 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用equip的適當(dāng)形式填空1.His evening study has equipped him for a career as a teacher.2.We have a hospital with advanced equipment. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞votevt.& vi.投票;選舉 n.投票;選舉;表決The law was passed on a second
23、 vote.此法在第二次表決時通過。常見用法1.vote to do sth.表決做某事vote for投票贊成vote against投票反對vote on/upon就投票表決vote through 投票通過vote sb.out of office 通過投票表決把某人趕下臺重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞2.get ones vote獲得某人的選票pass a vote 通過決議put.to the vote付諸表決/裁決the right to vote選舉權(quán),投票權(quán)have a vote有表決權(quán)We are going to vote on the plan.我們打算就這一提案進(jìn)行表決。 I
24、 may vote for her at the next election.下屆選舉我可能選她。 Parliament voted the bill through without a debate.國會未經(jīng)辯論就投票通過了這項法案。Only members of the team have a vote.只有這個團(tuán)體的成員才有表決權(quán)。 拓展延伸vote for表示“投票贊同”;vote against表示“投票反對”。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:be for/against“支持/反對”,fight for/against“為而戰(zhàn)斗/為反對而戰(zhàn)斗”。 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用vote的相關(guān)短語
25、完成句子1.在中國,未滿18歲的人沒有選舉權(quán)。In China,people aged under 18 dont have the right to vote.2.既然我們沒有辦法達(dá)成一致,現(xiàn)在我們就這個問題進(jìn)行投票表決。Since we cant reach any agreement,now we vote on/upon the problem.3.我呼吁大家反對殺害野生動物。I urge everybody to vote against the killing of wild animals. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞in vain白費(fèi)力氣,徒勞Floyd Landis made
26、several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德蘭蒂斯找了些漏洞百出的借口,聲稱那是他治療傷痛而服用的藥物,但是這些都是徒勞的。(教材原句P34)拓展延伸in advance提前in debt負(fù)債in despair失望地in surprise 吃驚地in amazement 吃驚地in reality 事實上in return 作為回報 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞The childs mouth formed a big O in surp
27、rise.那個孩子的嘴巴驚訝地張成了O型。In reality,things always happen out of expectation.現(xiàn)實中,事情總是出乎意料?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用用in構(gòu)成的短語填空1.His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed any attention.2.Before visiting him,I called him up in advance.3.He was always ready to help others,in return,he was like
28、d by everyone. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞at all costs 不管多大代價;無論如何The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人們不惜任何代價獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而非獲勝的奧林匹克精神。(教材原句P34)We have to finish the program before the end of this month a
29、t all costs.無論如何,我們要在月底前完成這個項目。 拓展延伸at the cost of 以為代價at a cost of 以的費(fèi)用/價格at any cost以任何代價to ones cost 使某人遭受損失 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞He saved his son from drowning but only at the cost of his own life.他救了溺水的兒子,但自己卻丟了性命。Its not worth arguing with him as I have learnt to my cost.和他爭論是不值得的,因為我已經(jīng)嘗過苦頭了。特別提醒cost的過
30、去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且cost不能用于被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)學(xué)活用用cost的相關(guān)短語完成句子1.我們無論如何得找到丟失的文件。We must find the missing document at all costs.2.那只可憐的小狐貍逃出了陷阱,卻失去了一條腿。The poor fox escaped from the trap at the cost of a leg. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞get down to開始;著手做I decided not to put off studying (as I normally do!) and got up early every mo
31、rning to get down to work straight away.我決定不再(像往常那樣)拖延學(xué)習(xí),而是每天早晨早早起床后就立刻投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去。(教材原句P37)常見用法get down to sth.開始認(rèn)真對待;言歸正傳get down to doing sth.開始做某事;著手做某事Stop kidding.Lets get down to business.別開玩笑了,我們辦正經(jīng)事吧。 Im going to get down to studying English this term.這學(xué)期我要開始認(rèn)真學(xué)英語了。 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞拓展延伸be/get used
32、to習(xí)慣于be accustomed to習(xí)慣于look forward to 盼望,期盼be opposed to 反對object to反對stick to堅持admit to承認(rèn)pay attention to注意 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用完成句子1.請注意這兩個詞之間的區(qū)別。Please pay attention to the difference between the two words.2.我們盼望著不久能發(fā)到您的回信。We look forward to hearing from you soon.3.有些學(xué)生不習(xí)慣在北方生活。Some of the students
33、 are not used/accustomed to living in the north. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞get through完成(任務(wù));度過,熬過(困難或不快的時期);使理解,使明白;接通電話;通過In the end,the exam wasnt so bad after all and I think I got through it.最后考試終究沒有那么糟糕,而且我認(rèn)為我通過了。(教材原句P37)It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我們通過海關(guān)檢查只花了幾分鐘時間。 拓展延伸1.get i
34、nto進(jìn)入;陷入;染上(習(xí)慣)get off下車;離開;動身get along with.與相處get over越過(墻等);克服;從(病、損失等)中恢復(fù)過來get down to doing 開始認(rèn)真做 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞2.go through通過;檢查;經(jīng)歷pass through從中穿過;走過look through瀏覽;仔細(xì)查看see through 看穿,識破break through突破The actress had to learn to get over her fear of the public.這位女演員必須學(xué)會不怯場。She spent the whole ni
35、ght looking through the students homework.她花了一晚上查看學(xué)生的作業(yè)。現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句改錯1.Its time I got down to think about that essay.(think 改為thinking)2.He has great difficulty to getting along well with his classmates.(to改為in或刪除to) 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but
36、 other participants are only tested at random.對于獲勝者,可以強(qiáng)制性檢測。而對其他參賽選手,則只能隨機(jī)抽查。(教材原句P34)本句中It作形式主語,to be tested為真正的主語。當(dāng)不定式作主語時,如果主語太長,而表語太短,常用it作形式主語,把真正的主語后置,以避免頭重腳輕。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可用“for sb.to do sth.”,也可用“of sb.to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。與前者搭配的形容詞,多是表示事物特征的形容詞,如easy,important,necessary,hard,difficult,impossible等;與后者
37、搭配的主要是一些表示人物性格、特征的形容詞,如honest,careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等。 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞特別提醒如果賓語太長,賓語補(bǔ)足語太短,則用it作形式賓語,將真正的賓語后置。構(gòu)成以下句型:主+謂+it+賓補(bǔ)+賓現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用介詞of或for填空1.It is impolite of you to be rude to our guests.2.I think it impossible for us to finish the task in su
38、ch a short time.3.It is not difficult for those talented students to pass the exam.4.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing. 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞It seems.that.句型It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.成千上萬
39、的人本可以受益于傳統(tǒng)中藥,卻因為無知錯過機(jī)會,這似乎真的很可惜。(教材原句P44)有關(guān)seem的常見句型:It seems/seemed+adj.+that.好像,似乎It seems/seemed (to sb.)+that.(對某人來說)似乎/好像It seems as if.看樣子好像seem to do/be doing/have done.好像要做/在做/已經(jīng)做了seem (to be)+adj./doing/done好像It seems to me that you dont have much choice.在我看來你好像沒有多少選擇的余地。That source of stre
40、ngth seems to be fading.那種力量的源泉似乎在慢慢消失。Larry seemed pretty angry with me.拉里好像很生我的氣。 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句填空1.It seems that they know what theyre doing.2.I seem to have left(leave) my book at home.3.He seems happy(happiness) enough to me. 一、單句填空1.(2015新課標(biāo)全國卷改編)Warm colors like yellow make food appear mo
41、re appetizing,while cold colors make us feel(hunger).less hungry。空前有系動詞feel,故空處用形容詞作表語;又結(jié)合語境可知,句中將冷色調(diào)與暖色調(diào)進(jìn)行了對比,故用形容詞的比較級。2.(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷改編)With its focus divided,the lion becomes(confuse) and is unsure about what to do next.confused。become是系動詞,故其后用形容詞confused“困惑的”作表語。3.We hold these truths to be self-
42、evident: that all men are created(equal) and should be treated(equal).equal;equally。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一空作主語補(bǔ)足語,修飾主語all men,故填形容詞equal;第二空修飾謂語be treated,應(yīng)填副詞equally。句意:我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,享受平等待遇。4.(2014四川高考改編)The manager was (satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort.satisfied。be sat
43、isfied to do“對做滿意”。5.(2014上海高考改編)Your brain will come to see the workout itselfthe reward.as。see.as.為固定搭配,意為“將看作”。句意:你的大腦將會將鍛煉本身視為一種獎勵。6.(2013湖北高考改編)At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the(drama) beauty of the val
44、ley.dramatic?？仗幮揎椕~beauty,故填形容詞dramatic“給人深刻印象的”。7.(2013陜西高考改編)A birdwatcher,armed with a telescope,found the pet sitting(desperate) on a rock.desperately?？仗幮揎梽釉~sitting,應(yīng)用副詞。desperately“絕望地”。 8.(2012北京高考改編)Jerry did not regret the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.giving。句
45、意:Jerry不后悔給出評論,但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達(dá)。regret doing sth.“后悔做過某事”。9.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he (focus) more on its culture.focused。句意:喬治將要談到他們國家的地理,可是我寧愿他多關(guān)注文化。would rather后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,謂語用動詞的過去式,表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾础?0.(2011廣東高考改編)Afterwhile I rose from my seat and
46、 walked to the front of the bus.a。句意:不久,我從座位上站起來,走到公交車的前面。after a while“不久,一會之后”。 二、單元話題微寫作疾病根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。1.在過去30年,艾滋病已經(jīng)成為在全球蔓延的流行病,引起了公眾的關(guān)注。(epidemic;a cause for concern)2.中國政府充分意識到其危害性,已經(jīng)采取了很多措施。(be aware of;take measures)3.例如,建立并且改善疾病預(yù)防體系,給窮困的艾滋病人免費(fèi)發(fā)放藥品。(establish)4.總之,我們相信一定有辦法消滅這種疾病。(have
47、 faith;stop sth.in its tracks)AIDS has been a widespread epidemic for over 30 years,making it a cause for public concern across the world.The Chinese government is well aware of the problem and many effective measures have been taken to fight against it,for example:establishing and improving a disease prevention system,delivering medicine to poor AIDS patients for free.All in all,we have faith that there will be solutions to stopping AIDS in its tracks.
高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 教材知識梳理 Unit 21 Human Biology課件 北師大版選修7
