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1、中考復(fù)習(xí)系列中考復(fù)習(xí)系列動詞不定式用法歸納動詞不定式用法歸納概概 說說動詞不定式動詞不定式(to do)是初中英語課的是初中英語課的一個重點,也是中考要考查的一個項目。一個重點,也是中考要考查的一個項目。動詞不定式屬于非謂語動詞的一種形式,動詞不定式屬于非謂語動詞的一種形式,很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語動詞混在一起,很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語動詞混在一起,掌握起來有困難。下面我們對動詞不定掌握起來有困難。下面我們對動詞不定式的用法做簡單歸納,幫助同學(xué)們記憶式的用法做簡單歸納,幫助同學(xué)們記憶 動詞不定式的主要用法動詞不定式的主要用法 一、動詞不定式在句子中不能獨立一、動詞不定式在句子中不能獨立充當(dāng)謂語充當(dāng)
2、謂語, 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、動詞不定式是由二、動詞不定式是由“to+動詞原形動詞原形”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成(有時可以不帶有時可以不帶to)。動詞不定式的。動詞不定式的否定形式是否定形式是“not+動詞不定式動詞不定式”(此時此時not不能再與助動詞連用不能再與助動詞連用)。三、動詞不定式短語具有名詞、三、動詞不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能形容詞和副詞等的功能, 可在句中可在句中用做多種句子成分。用做多種句子成分。 主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補 主語主語: 常置于句末常置于句末, 而用而用it代替其做形式主代替其做形式主語。語。例例: To g
3、o in for sports helps you stay fit. It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own. 返回注注: 此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由由for或或of引出引出, 邏輯主語由邏輯主語由of引出引出時時, 表語的形容詞為表語的形容詞為kind,nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示性格品質(zhì)評價的形容等表示性格品質(zhì)評價的形容詞。詞。例例:
4、 Its right of him to refuse the invitation. (him為邏輯主語為邏輯主語) 點擊規(guī)律點擊規(guī)律: 動詞不定式在句中作主語動詞不定式在句中作主語時時, 除了除了直接作主語直接作主語外,外, 常放在常放在: It is adj(形容詞形容詞)to do sth. 或或 It is n(名詞名詞)to do sth. 句型中句型中, it僅作形式主語。僅作形式主語。 動動 詞詞 賓賓 語語此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。例:例:would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to v
5、isit his uncle 類似類似用法的詞還有用法的詞還有:start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide, agree, love, like, hate, prefer等。等。I found it very difficult to get a job. (it為形式賓語為形式賓語)點擊規(guī)律:點擊規(guī)律:這些動詞后面除接不定式外這些動詞后面除接不定式外, 還可以接動還可以接動名詞名詞, 意思區(qū)別不大。意思區(qū)別不大。提示板:提示板:like doing指經(jīng)常性動作,而指經(jīng)常性動作,而like to do指一次性的動作。指一次性的動作。I like swimm
6、ing,but I dont like to swim now我喜歡游泳我喜歡游泳, 但我現(xiàn)在不想游。但我現(xiàn)在不想游。stop, forget, remember, go on, try等等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。詞或短語后面可以接不定式。點擊規(guī)律點擊規(guī)律:上述動詞后面接不定式和上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。接動名詞意思大不相同。 提示板:提示板: 1) stop to do sth. : 停止一件事,去做另一件事。停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth. :停止正在做的事。停止正在做的事。 例如:例如: When the teacher came in, t
7、he students stopped talking; 當(dāng)老師走進來時當(dāng)老師走進來時, 學(xué)生們停止說話;學(xué)生們停止說話; when he came out, the students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走出去時當(dāng)老師走出去時, 學(xué)生們又開始說話。學(xué)生們又開始說話。 2) 思考思考: forget, remember, go on,try等詞或短語后面接不定式和動等詞或短語后面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別?名詞用法有何區(qū)別? 點擊規(guī)律:在點擊規(guī)律:在findfeelitadjto do sth句型中,句型中,it是是形式賓語形式賓語, 真正的賓語是后面的動真正的賓語是后面的
8、動詞不定式。詞不定式。返回如:如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text 點擊規(guī)律點擊規(guī)律: 某些動詞或短語后面既可某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語以接動詞不定式作賓語, 又可接動名詞又可接動名詞作賓語作賓語, 二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造句子加以區(qū)分句子加以區(qū)分, 如上頁的如上頁的stop例句。例句。表表 語語放在連系動詞放在連系動詞be后面后面 例句例句: His wish is to become a scientis
9、t Our duty is to protect the environment.The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives. 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。生命。 點擊規(guī)律點擊規(guī)律: 動詞不定式在句中作表語時動詞不定式在句中作表語時, 通通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進行詮釋說明。常對連系動詞前面的名詞進行詮釋說明。 返回定定 語語動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞 、代詞的后面。代詞的后面。例例: He is the first person to sail around the
10、 world. I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 點擊規(guī)律點擊規(guī)律: 動詞不定式若在句中作定語動詞不定式若在句中作定語, 常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。 返回提示板提示板: 如果動詞不定式和前面所如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系, 且動詞是且動詞是不及物動詞不及物動詞, 切記不要忘掉后面的切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如:介詞。如: I have a small bedroom to live in Have you
11、got some pens to write with? 作作 狀狀 語語 a.目的狀語目的狀語: 放在放在go, come, use, live, in order等詞后面等詞后面.如:如: I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at 返回b. 原因狀語原因狀語: 放在放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed, excited等詞后面。等詞后面。(有些資料上把這有
12、些資料上把這類稱為不定式在表示心理、情感、評價類稱為不定式在表示心理、情感、評價等的形容詞后等的形容詞后, 對其進行補充說明對其進行補充說明, 作形作形容詞補足語容詞補足語)如:)如: I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c. 作結(jié)果狀語。如作結(jié)果狀語。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people賓語補足語賓語補足語(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動詞后要帶在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動詞后要帶to: tell, ask,
13、 want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, 等詞后面常等詞后面常接不定式作賓補。接不定式作賓補。例例: I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write 返回(2) 在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞(see, watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, notice, help等等)
14、后后不帶不帶to 的不定式作賓補。如:的不定式作賓補。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板提示板: 若變成若變成被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài), 在上述結(jié)構(gòu)在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中中, 不定式符號不定式符號to要加上要加上。如如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room “疑問詞不定式疑問詞不定式”用法用法 不定式前可帶不定式前可帶what,who,which,w
15、here, when, how, whose, 等疑問詞等疑問詞, 這種這種不定式短語在句中作賓語、賓語補足語、不定式短語在句中作賓語、賓語補足語、主語等。主語等。例例: He didnt tell me where to go. (直賓直賓) I dont know what to say now.(賓語賓語) I dont know what to do next. (賓語)賓語) He taught us how to use the computer(賓語補足語賓語補足語) 返回Its still a question how to get there(主語主語) 在初中階段還涉及到在
16、初中階段還涉及到“不定式被不定式被動語態(tài)一般式動語態(tài)一般式(to be+過去分詞過去分詞)”例例: There are twenty more trees to be planted. 根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意, 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。式填空。 1. Its time for us _ (have) supper 2. Would you like _ (go) shopping with me? 3. It took us half an hour _ (work) out the problem to go 主語主語to go 賓語賓語to work 主語主語4.
17、 He is old enough _ (join) the army 5. I feel strange _ (have) a twin sister 6. I am very glad _ (meet) you here7They prefer _ (stay) at home rather than go outto join 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語to have 形容詞補足語形容詞補足語(原原)to meet 形容詞補足語形容詞補足語(原原)to stay 賓語賓語8. We saw them_ (come) into the room just now 9. What he said ma
18、de me_ (feel) sorry 10. I am sorryI forgot_ (tell) you the news 11. His plan is _ (spend) a few days in the mountains to come 賓補賓補to feel 賓補賓補to tell 賓語賓語to spend 表語表語12. Have you got anything _ (say)? 13. Have you decided which one _ (choose)? 14. Do you know when_ (start)? 15. He is too weak _ (carry) the big stone to say 定語定語to choose 定語定語to start 不定式短語作賓語不定式短語作賓語to carry 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語Hi, relax yourself!