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八年級(下)　Units 9—10 中考基礎(chǔ)知識梳理 類別 課標(biāo)考點要求 詞 匯 攻 關(guān) 1.believe(v.)→__believable__(adj.)可信的 →__unbelievable__(adj.的反義詞)難以置信的；不真實的 2.usual(adj.)→__usually__(adv.)通常地 →__unusual__(反義詞)特別的；不尋常的★ 3.rapid(adj.)→__rapidly__(adv.)迅速地；快速地 4.society(n.)→__social__(adj.)社會的★ 5.peace(n.)→__peaceful__(adj.)和平的；安寧的 6.collect(v.)→__collection__(n.)收集；收藏品★ 7.German(adj.& n．)→__Germany__(n.)德國 →__Germans__(pl.)德國人 8.invent(v.)→__inventor__(n.)發(fā)明家；發(fā)明者 →__invention__(n.)發(fā)明；發(fā)明物★ 9.encourage(v.)→__encouragement__(n.)鼓勵 10.it(pron.)→__itself__(反身代詞)它自己 11.amuse(v.)→__amusement__(n.)娛樂；游戲 12.perform(v.)→__performance__(n.)表演；演出 13.make(v.)→__maker__(n.)生產(chǎn)者；制訂者 14.scarf(n.)→__scarves/scarfs__(pl.)圍巾；披巾；頭巾 15.own(v.)→__owner__(n.)物主；主人 16.true(adj.)→__truth__(n.)實情；事實 →__truthful__(adj.)誠實的；真實的 17.honest(adj.)→__honesty__(n.)誠實；正直 →__dishonest__(反義詞)不誠實的 18.child(n.)→__children__(pl.)孩子們★ →__childhood__(n.)童年；幼年 短 語 歸 納 1.搭起 __put__up__ 2.兩個；一對；幾個_a__couple__of__ 3.茶藝__tea__art__ 4.茶具_(dá)tea__set__ 5.度假_take__a__holiday__ 6.全年_all__year__round__ 7.幾乎；接近_close__to____ 8.遠(yuǎn)離_be__far__from__ 9.數(shù)以千計的；許許多多的__thousands__of__ 10.四分之三__three__quarters__ 11.一方面……另一方面…… _on__the__one__hand…on__the__other__hand…__ 12.庭院拍賣會_yard__sale______ 13.察看；觀察_check__out______ 14.不再；不復(fù)_no__longer__ 15.至于；關(guān)于_as__for______ 16.放棄、交出(尤指不舍得的東西)_part__with__ 17.說實在的_to__be__honest__ 18.清理；丟掉_clear__out_ 19.依據(jù)；按照_according__to__ 20.面包機(jī)_bread__maker__ 21.軟體玩具；布絨玩具_(dá)soft__toy__ 22.棋類游戲_board__game__ 23.初級中學(xué)_junior__high__school__ 句 型 再 現(xiàn) (　 含 情 景 交 際 )　 1.(談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷)“你曾經(jīng)去過科學(xué)博物館嗎？”“是的，我去過?！? —__Have__you__ever__been__to__a science museum？ —Yes，__I__have__. 2.(談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷)“我從來沒去過水上公園?！薄拔乙矝]去過?！? —__Ive__never__been__to__a water park. —__Me__neither__. 3.茶藝表演展示了如何用精美的茶具沖泡一杯完美的茶。 The tea art performances show_how__to__make__a perfect cup of tea __with__beautiful__tea__sets__. 4.當(dāng)我看到這么多不同種類的坐便器時，我?guī)缀鯚o法相信自己的眼睛。 I just couldnt believe my eyes when I saw __so__many__different__kinds__of__toilets there. 5.……你可以毫不費勁地找到米飯、面條或餃子。 …you wont __have__any__problem__getting__rice，noodles or dumplings. 6.許多動物只在晚上是醒著的，所以這是觀賞它們的最佳時間。 A lot of animals only wake up at night，so _this__is__the__best__time__to watch them. 7.(談?wù)撐锲匪鶎俸椭車氖挛?“你擁有那邊的那輛自行車多長時間了？”“我擁有它三年了。” —__How__long__have__you__had__that bike over there？ —__Ive__had__it for three years. 8.我們決定每人出售五件自己不再使用的東西。 We have decided to each sell five things _that__we__no__longer__use__. 9.自從他四歲生日那天開始，他就擁有一套火車和軌道玩具。 He has owned a train and railway set _since__his__fourth__birthday__. 10.許多人就如鐘偉一樣，以極大的興趣關(guān)注著自己家鄉(xiāng)的變化。 Many people like Zhong Wei regard _with__great__interest__ how their hometowns have changed. 語法 1.含有been，ever和never的現(xiàn)在完成時(詳見第二編P129) 2.含有since和for的現(xiàn)在完成時(詳見第一編P65) 話題 Unit 9 Fun places(有趣的地方) Unit 10 Living environment(生活環(huán)境) 貴陽中考重難點突破 　辨析invent，discover與create (教材八下P67) 【滿分點撥】 詞匯 用法 例句 invent 意為“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造”，指通過研究和實驗發(fā)明出前所未有的產(chǎn)品或裝置 Can you tell me who invented the telephone？你能告訴我誰發(fā)明了電話嗎？ discover 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”，表示發(fā)現(xiàn)過去就存在但尚未被人發(fā)現(xiàn)或知曉的地點、事物等，名詞形式是discovery The boy discovered a secret drawer in his fathers old desk.男孩在他爸爸的舊桌子里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個神秘的抽屜。 create 意為“創(chuàng)作，創(chuàng)造”，指從無到有地創(chuàng)作或創(chuàng)造出原本不存在的東西，如藝術(shù)作品、理論等 Ge You created a number of wonderful characters in his plays.葛優(yōu)在他的劇中塑造了很多精彩的角色。 ( C )1.(人文信息題)Guiyang government plans to ______ more jobs for young people. A．discover B．invent C．create ( A )2.(xx武漢中考改編)—Who ______ the computer? —Sorry，Ive no idea.But it has changed the world greatly. A．invented B．discovered C．made ( B )3.(原創(chuàng)題)We ______ this beach while we were sailing around this island. A．created 　　B．discovered C．invented 　encourage的用法 (教材八下P67) 【滿分點撥】 常用短語： encourage sb.to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事 encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓勵某人 ( B )1.(新信息題)The TV show Super Mom(《媽媽是超人》) encourages all mothers______ closer to their children and care for them. A．get B．to get C．to getting ( C )2.(xx長春中考改編)We Chinese ______ by the touching documentary Amazing China. A．encourage 　　　B．encourages C．a(chǎn)re encouraged 　辨析since與for (教材八下P74) 【滿分點撥】 since “自從……以來”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。 since 的特殊句型： It is/has been＋時間段＋since＋從句．“從……以來已經(jīng)有多長時間了?！比纾? It is/has been 3 months since I left Shanghai.我離開上海已經(jīng)有三個月的時間了。 詞匯 詞性 用法 例句 since 介詞 since＋過去的時間點 Jerry has kept this book since Wednesday.從周三開始杰里就借到了這本書。 連詞 since＋從句(從句中動詞用過去式) I havent seen you since I met you 10 years ago.自從十年前我見過你以后就再也沒見過你。 for 介詞 for＋時間段 Helen has been in this city for 25 years.海倫在這個城市已經(jīng)25年了。 【溫馨提示】 當(dāng)句中有“for＋一段時間”或“since＋時間點”等時，句子謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞；若是非延續(xù)性動詞要改為延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。如： His brother has been a soldier for two years.＝His brother has been a soldier since two years ago.他哥哥參軍兩年了。 1．(新信息題)The program Running Man Season I has been on since xx.(改為同義句) The program Running Man Season I has been on__for__ four years. ( B )2.(xx黔南中考改編)Jack has learned more about teamwork(團(tuán)隊合作) ______ he joined the soccer team. A．until B．since C．while ( C )3.(xx揚州中考改編)—You have a nice car. —Thank you.I ______ it for less than one month. A．bought 　　　B．have bought C．have had 　consider的用法 (教材八下P79) 【滿分點撥】 詞義 用法 例句 考慮 consider＋名詞/代詞/動名詞 Were considering buying a new car.我們在考慮買一輛新車。 consider＋疑問詞＋不定式 He was considering what to do next.他在考慮下一步做什么。 consider＋從句 Jim is considering how he should answer the question.吉姆在考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)如何回答這個問題。 認(rèn)為 consider＋sb./sth.＋(as＋)名詞 She considers herself (as) an expert on the subject.她認(rèn)為自己是這門學(xué)科的專家。 consider＋sb./sth.＋(to be＋)形容詞 Do you consider him (to be) honest？你認(rèn)為他誠實嗎？ consider＋it＋形容詞＋不定式 We consider it hard to study English well.我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很難。 consider＋(that)從句 They consider (that) the hard time will soon be over.他們認(rèn)為困難時期即將過去。 注：consider作“考慮”講時，可用于進(jìn)行時；作“認(rèn)為”講時，一般不用于進(jìn)行時。 ( C )1.(2019預(yù)測)—Have you considered ______ the job as a teacher? —Yes.I like it because a teacher is often considered as a gardener. A．take B．to take C．taking ( A )2.—What are they doing now? —They are considering ______ get to Guiyang the most quickly. A．how to B．what to C．why to 3．(初高銜接題)Both of us consider it bored to watch TV at home.(句子改錯)____boring__ 　Have you ever been to the space museum？你曾去過太空博物館嗎？(教材八下P65) 【滿分點撥】 辨析have gone to，have been to與have been in have gone to?“到某地去了”， 人不在說話現(xiàn)場 have been to?“曾去過某地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)往返 的經(jīng)歷，已經(jīng)回來 have been in?“在某地待了多久”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去 到現(xiàn)在一直待在某地 【溫馨提示】 當(dāng)have/has been to和have/has gone to后跟某些地點副詞，如here，there和home等時，介詞to要省略。 ( C )1.(xx揚州中考改編)—When will your sister go to England? —She ______ London since four months ago. A．went to 　　　B．has been to C．has been in ( B )2.(貴陽背景特色題)—Have you ever ______ National Urban Wetland Park of Huaxi，Guiyang? —No，I havent.I hope I can go there one day. A．gone to B．been to C．been in ( A )3.(2019預(yù)測)—Where are Bob and Peter？I cant find them anywhere. —Oh，they ______ the Guiyang Railway Station to pick up a friend. A．have gone to 　　　B．have been to C．have been in 　Me neither.我也沒有。(教材八下P68) 【滿分點撥】 Me neither.意為 “我也沒有?！笔堑寡b句 “Neither/Nor＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋與前句不同的主語” 的縮略式。用于后一句所述情況與前一句陳述的否定情況相同，即“甲不怎樣，乙也不怎樣”。如： She doesnt like playing basketball，neither do I．＝She doesnt like playing basketball，me neither.她不喜歡打籃球，我也不喜歡。 【溫馨提示】 倒裝句中的系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞及時態(tài)必須與前面陳述句中的系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞保持一致；動詞的數(shù)要和主語保持一致。 【歸納拓展】 句型① Neither/Nor＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋與前句不同的主語．某人也不是如此。 句型② So ＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋與前句不同的主語．某人也是如此。 句型③ So＋與前句相同的主語＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞．某人的確如此。 ( B )1.(新信息題)—I dont like the movie Dream Breaker(《破夢游戲》)． —______． A．So do I 　　　B．Me neither C．Also I do ( A )2.(xx 黔東南中考改編)—Sandy likes English best.She reads the texts every day. —______． A．So does Jim 　　　B．So Jim does C．So is Jim 隨堂知識鞏固 單項選擇。 ( B )1.(xx北部灣中考改編)—Is this your camera？【考點?】 —Yes，I ______ it for two weeks. A．bought 　　　B．have had C．have bought ( A )2.(xx哈爾濱中考)—Im considering ______ abroad for further study，but I havent decided yet.【考點?】 —Youd better ask your English teacher for some advice. A．going B．to go C．go ( C )3.(xx玉林適應(yīng)性考試改編)—Do you know that man? —Yes，he is my uncle.He ______ the Army in xx and he ______ in the army since then. A．joined；is 　　　B．has joined；has been C．joined；has been ( A )4.(xx宜昌中考改編)—It has been much easier for me to go to work______ shared bikes appeared.【考點?】 —But they also caused plenty of problems. A．since B．before C．unless ( A )5.(xx涼山州中考改編)—Paris is a wonderful place.【考點?】 —So it is.I ______ there twice. A．have been B．have gone C．went ( A )6.(xx海南中考)David likes taking photos，so his father bought him a______ last week. A．camera B．dictionary C．bicycle ( C )7.(xx河池中考改編)There are about three ______ students in our school. A．thousands 　　　B．thousands of C．thousand ( A )8.(xx濰坊中考改編)You will still miss the flight______ you catch a Didi car. A．even if B．a(chǎn)s if C．until ( B )9.(xx黔東南中考改編)Your mother is very busy.She hardly does morning exercises，______？ A．isnt she B．does she C．doesnt she ( C )10.Our class are going to have an aftergraduation trip(畢業(yè)旅行)．If you dont go，______．【考點?】 A．so do I 　　　B．neither do I C．neither will I ( A )11.On the one hand，I have to study for the test.On ______ hand，I want to see a movie. A．the other B．a(chǎn)nother C．others