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Unit 4　Body language 【短文語法填空】 Chengdu has been making a name for itself in Western countries in recent years，as the city has moved to 1. (strength) its cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.Chengdu Week 2. (host) in Madrid in January as a major activity of the 2017 Happy Spring Festival in Spain, 3. is an annual event held by the Chinese embassy in Spain to celebrate 4. traditional Spring Festival holiday with overseas Chinese, locals and other visitors.It was the first time that the Chinese embassy had 5. (patient) introduced a city to the traditional Lunar New Year celebration. During the festival, classic regional art forms such as paper cutting, shadow plays and face changing opera performances were 6. display at the famous Plaza Mayor in Madrid.“The performances(表演) are so 7. (amaze) that I want to buy a ticket to Chengdu right now，” said Manuela Carmena, mayor of Madrid, during the event.Mayor Carmena said that the two cities shared 8. (similar) in many aspects and she hoped two cities could have 9. (far) exchanges than before in tourism and culture.Chengdu has bee more closely tied to Spain since a direct flight between Madrid 10. Chengdu was launched on December 17. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　近年來，成都通過文化交流，大大提升了在世界上的影響力。本文介紹了2017年春節(jié)期間在西班牙舉辦的成都(文化)周，剪紙、皮影戲和變臉等傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)或表演引起了轟動(dòng)。 1．strengthen　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：……因?yàn)檫@座城市已經(jīng)采取行動(dòng)來加強(qiáng)其與世界其他地區(qū)的文化交流。空后是名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此處用動(dòng)詞，和空前的to構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故填strengthen。 2．was hosted　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和主語Chengdu Week之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in January可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was hosted。 3．which　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Happy Spring Festival，指物，且在從句中作主語，故用which引導(dǎo)該從句。 4．the　解析：考查冠詞。此處特指傳統(tǒng)的中國春節(jié)假期，故用定冠詞the。 5．patiently　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞introduced，作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞。故填patiently。 6．on　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在節(jié)日期間，經(jīng)典的地方藝術(shù)形式如剪紙、皮影戲和變臉表演均在馬德里著名的馬約爾廣場進(jìn)行。on display為固定搭配，意為“展覽；展出”。 7．a(chǎn)mazing　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在系動(dòng)詞are后作表語，主語為The performances(表演)，前有副詞so修飾，所以用amazing，意為“驚人的；了不起的”。 8．similarities　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：卡梅納市長說兩個(gè)城市在很多方面有相似點(diǎn)，她希望兩個(gè)城市能夠在旅游業(yè)和文化方面有比以往更深入的交流。設(shè)空處作謂語動(dòng)詞shared的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞：similarity為可數(shù)名詞，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 9．further　解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的標(biāo)志詞than可知，此處用比較級(jí)。 10．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查連詞。between...and...為固定搭配，意為“在……和……之間”。 represent vt.代表；象征；表現(xiàn)；描寫；聲稱 (1)represent...as...把……描繪成…… represent oneself as/to be自稱是…… represent sth.to sb.向某人說明某事，向某人傳達(dá)某事 (2)representation n．表現(xiàn)，描述，描繪，表現(xiàn)形式 make representations to...與……交涉；向……提出抗議 (3)representative adj.代表性的n.代表，代理人 be representative of(＝be typical of)是……的代表，是……中典型的 ①(教材原句)Yesterday，another student and I，representing our university’s student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. 昨天，我和另一個(gè)同學(xué)代表我們大學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)，到首都國際機(jī)場迎接今年的國際留學(xué)生。 ②The other day，I __represented__ (represent) our university to attend a meeting.I make several friends with __representatives__ (represent) from different universities，among whom there were two __representing__ (represent) themselves to be/as experts in medicine. 幾天前，我代表我們學(xué)校參加了一個(gè)會(huì)議。我和幾位來自于不同大學(xué)的代表成為朋友，他們中有兩個(gè)人自稱是醫(yī)藥界的專家。 ③(2016全國卷Ⅰ)You might __represent__ (representative) each letter with a number.For example，let’s number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26. 你可以用數(shù)字代表每個(gè)字母，例如，讓我們按順序從1至26把字母表的字母換成數(shù)字． 單句語法填空 ④(2017江蘇卷)The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming __represents__ (represent) an enormous threat to agriculture. ⑤(2017全國卷Ⅰ)The music can’t __be represented__ (represent) today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same...” represent作“說明，使明白”和“傳達(dá)，表達(dá)”講時(shí)，不能直接跟人作賓語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：represent sth.to sb.或represent to sb.sth.。類似的單詞還有：explain，guarantee，relate等。 curious adj.富有好奇心的；有求知欲的；感興趣的 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 等待了半個(gè)小時(shí)之后，我看到幾個(gè)年輕人進(jìn)入了等候區(qū)好奇地四處張望。 ②(2016北京卷)In high school，I became curious __about__ the puter，and built my first website. 在高中時(shí)，我對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)非常好奇并創(chuàng)建了我的第一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁。 ③It is good to be curious __about__ the world around you because I think __curiosity__(curious)is the best teacher. 對(duì)你周圍的世界感到好奇是件好事，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為好奇心是最好的老師。 ④語境填詞 John __was curious about__ (感到好奇) his uncle digging a hole under the bed and he asked him about it.But the answer could not __satisfy his curiosity__ (滿足……好奇心)．Then，__out of curiosity__ (出于好奇)，John walked into his uncle’s room to find the answer when his uncle was away.It __was curious__ (很反常的是) that he found his uncle buried a dead bird in the hole. approach vt.&vi.接近；靠近；找……商量 n．接近；方法；途徑 (1)approach sb.on/about sth.關(guān)于某事與某人商量/交涉 ...be approaching……快到的時(shí)候 approach to 接近，近似，約等于；(做某事的)方法/途徑 (2)at the approach of 在……快到的時(shí)候 make approaches to sb.與某人打交道 ①(教材原句)Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! 托尼走近朱莉婭，摸了摸她的肩，并親了她的臉！ ②(2016全國卷Ⅰ)__Approaching__ (approach) the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. 靠近汽車時(shí)，他們看到一個(gè)婦女正盡力從一個(gè)被打破了的車窗向外爬。 ③With winter __approaching__ (approach)，the weather bees cold. ＝As winter __is approaching__ (approach)，the weather bees cold. ＝The approach of winter brings the cold weather. 冬天臨近，天氣轉(zhuǎn)冷。 likely adj.可能的(表示可能性很大時(shí)，可用most，very修飾likely) (1)It is likely that sb.... ＝sb.is likely to do...某人可能做某事 (2)not likely(表示堅(jiān)決不同意)絕不可能；絕對(duì)不會(huì) (3)unlikely adj.不大可能發(fā)生的 be likely/unlikely to...很可能/不可能……；有/沒有希望…… ①(教材原句)However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 但是，來自像西班牙、意大利或南美等國家的人會(huì)站在離別人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身體)接觸對(duì)方。 ②You are likely __to suffer__ (suffer) from bad health if you keep smoking. ＝It is likely __that__ you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果繼續(xù)吸煙，你的身體健康會(huì)受到損害。 ③單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)A great decline in young work force is __likely__ (like) to occur in China，for instance. 【七選五】 4 Key Strategies for Running to Lose Weight As one of the most active exercises out there, running is an extremely efficient way to burn calories and lose weight. A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running. 　 1 　 1. Healthy Eating is the First Step If you want to lose weight by running, keep in mind that you’ll only lose pounds if you burn more calories than you consume. To lose a pound, you have to burn, through exercise or life functions, about 3500 calories. 　 2 　Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply. Try choosing smaller portions of high-fat and high-calorie foods and eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. 2. Follow a training schedule Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run. 　 3 　So it’s much harder to postpone or skip workouts. Following a schedule can also help you avoid a running injury by not increasing your mileage too quickly. 3. Run regularly If you don’t want to follow a schedule, you still need to have some consistency with your running because you won’t lose weight by running once a week. It’s best to get some activity every day. 　 4 　If you find that your motivation to run is suffering, follow some necessary tips to get inspired. 4. 　5 　 Incorporating speed work or interval training (running at a very fast speed for short intervals of time) into your running routine can also help your weight loss efforts. Speed work burns a great amount of calories in a short period of time. You’ll also increase your muscle mass, causing you to burn more calories throughout the day. A. Keep it challenging B. Eat for Performance C. You’ll know exactly what you need to do every day and each run builds on the next. D. So you’ll need to bine running with a healthy diet. E. If you’re hoping to use running to lose weight, here’s some advice on how to be successful. F. Here are ways to improve your running motivation. G. But if that’s not possible, try to shoot for at least 3―4 times per week. 【語篇解讀】跑步是很好的減肥的方法，但是怎樣才是正確的跑步方法，文章給出一些建議。 1.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running.＂150磅的人跑步的時(shí)候大約燃燒100卡路里?？芍@里是：如果你想通過跑步減肥，這里有些關(guān)于怎么成功的建議。故選E。 2.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文＂Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply.＂可知這里是：你需要將跑步和健康飲食結(jié)合起來。故選D。 3.C 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run.＂可知這里是：你將知道你每天要做什么，每次跑步給下一次奠定基礎(chǔ)。故選C。 4.G 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂It’s best to get some activity every day.＂可知這里是：如果那樣不可能，每周至少鍛煉三四次。故選G。 5.A 【解析】根據(jù)下文＂Incorporating speed work or interval training＂可知這里是：要保持有一定挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。 in general 一般地；大體地；通常；總的來說 (1)general knowledge 常識(shí) as a general rule 一般而言；通常 (2)generally(speaking) 總體而言；一般而言 (3)on the whole 總的來說 in a word 總之 in short/brief 簡言之 as a whole 就整體來看 to put it simply 簡單地說 ①(教材原句)In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads! 但總的來說，在當(dāng)今文化交融的世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同國家的習(xí)俗肯定能夠幫助我們避免交往中的困難！ ②__As__ a general rule，he goes to bed late. 一般而言，他睡覺晚。 ③There was a __general__ (generally) impression that tomorrow meant a fresh start. 普遍的感覺是明天意味著一個(gè)新的開始。 ④(2015重慶卷)In department stores，the women’s shoe section is __generally__ (general) next to the women’s cosmetics(化妝品)section. at ease 舒適；快活；自由自在 (1)with ease 容易地，不費(fèi)勁地 put/set sb.at(one’s)ease 使某人感到放松/輕松自在 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 take one’s ease 休息，放松一下 stand at ease 稍息 (2)ease vt.使安心，使舒暢；減輕，緩和 ease sb’s mind 使某人安心 ①(教材原句)The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. 微笑當(dāng)然是最普遍使用的面部表情——它的作用是表示快樂和讓人舒適。 ②Don’t overwork yourself and take __your__ ease. 不要過度勞累，休息一會(huì)兒。 ③When you feel nervous，you’d better listen to some light music to put yourself __at__ ease. 當(dāng)你感到緊張時(shí)，你最好聽些輕音樂使自己放松一下。 lose face 丟臉；失面子 make a face/faces 做鬼臉 save face 保全面子 face to face (with sb./sth.) 面對(duì)面地 in the face of 面對(duì)(問題、困難或危險(xiǎn)等) to one’s face 當(dāng)著某人的面 on the face of it 從表面上看；乍看起來 be faced with 面臨、面對(duì)(難題) ①(教材原句)There are unhappy smiles，such as when someone“l(fā)oses face”and smiles to hide it. 還有不愉快的微笑，比如說當(dāng)某人丟臉時(shí)，他們用微笑來掩蓋。 ②__Faced__ (face) with difficulties，they never give up but try their best to find a way out. 面對(duì)困難時(shí)，他們從不放棄而是努力尋找出路。 ③Please keep calm __in__ the face of great danger. 面對(duì)巨大危險(xiǎn)時(shí)請(qǐng)保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 【答案】　 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 第一處：picking→picked?？疾閯?dòng)詞語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，pick up和句子主語book構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 第二處：刪除so?？疾檫B詞。so和because都是連詞，不能同時(shí)使用，故刪除so。注：刪除Because保留so也是可以的。 第三處：exciting→excited?？疾榉衷~形容詞。excited一般修飾人，而exciting一般修飾物。 第四處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。man第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。 第五處：try→trying?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。try和句子謂語saw之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此外，try和句子主語I構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 第六處：head→headed?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由后面的“was free”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 第七處：book→books?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)a pile of可知，書不止一本，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第八處：to→for?？疾榻樵~。介詞for表示“為了”，符合語境。 第九處：quick→quickly?？疾楦痹~。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞jumped，在句子中作狀語。 第十處：someone后加who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。who引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語。 The first person __to arrive__ was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國的朱莉婭史密斯。 本句中to arrive是不定式作定語，修飾the first person。 (1)當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、next，only，last等限定時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。 ①Liu Yang is the first woman in China __to wander__ (wander) in space. 劉洋是中國第一位在太空遨游的女士。 ②He is always the first to bear hardships and the last __to enjoy__ (enjoy)forts. 他是一個(gè)總是吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。 (2)不定式作后置定語常用來修飾抽象名詞，如：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。 ③Do you have the ability __to read__ (read) and write in English? 你具備讀寫英語的能力嗎？ (3)不定式作后置定語時(shí)常表示將來的動(dòng)作。 ④I have letters __to write__ (write)． 我有許多封信要寫。 (1)若不定式是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等時(shí)，不定式后面要有必要的介詞。 (2)不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。 ⑤Mr.Li bought a fortable flat to live __in__. 李先生買了一套舒適的公寓住。 ⑥Qingdao is a pleasant place __to go__ (go)． 青島是個(gè)好去處。 【閱讀理解】 A new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States. The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago. To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually. Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections. Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose. 【文章大意】　本文主要圍繞在農(nóng)場動(dòng)物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響展開。 【難句分析】 The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money. 分析：本句為復(fù)合句。notes后接省略了連接詞that的賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句when people stop living in poverty; they want to do 為省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，修飾the first thing; rather than連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)在賓語從句中作表語。 譯文：世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，當(dāng)人們擺脫貧窮之后，他們想做的第一件事情就是吃得好點(diǎn)，而不是掙更多的錢。 1. What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? A．The desire for new drugs. B．The less effective antibiotics. C．The outdated farm technology. D．The need for more various foods. 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs.”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為用于農(nóng)場動(dòng)物身上的抗生素的數(shù)量增加與人們對(duì)各種不同的食物的需求增加有關(guān)，故選D項(xiàng)。 2. What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO? A．Making a lot of money. B．Focusing more on health. C．Having more meat in their diet. D．Living in a better environment. 答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。 3 What can be inferred from the passage? A．Antibiotics do harm to animals. B．Antibiotics help animals stay healthy. C．Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe. D．Antibioticresistant bacteria spread to people. 答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。結(jié)合第四段中的“Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.”可推知，抗生素耐藥細(xì)菌傳播到了人身上，故選D。由第三段中的“Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.”可知，A項(xiàng)表述有誤，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.”可知C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，可排除；B項(xiàng)最具干擾性，因?yàn)锽項(xiàng)本身是正確的，但是B項(xiàng)是文中的明確信息，不需要推斷得出，而題干所要求的選項(xiàng)需要經(jīng)過推理判斷得來，所以B項(xiàng)不符合題意。諸如B項(xiàng)這類本身正確，但不滿足題干要求的選項(xiàng)是考生做題時(shí)需要特別留意的。 4. Whats the passage mainly about? A．The negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals. B．The advantages of using antibiotics. C．The reason for banning the use of antibiotics. D．A new way of raising farm animals. 答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可以看出，本文主要說的是在農(nóng)場動(dòng)物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響，故選A項(xiàng)。