2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 3 Under the sea（含解析）新人教版選修7.doc

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Unit 3　Under the sea 【短文語法填空】 Felicity Miller, a 32yearold British woman, __1__ has a Chinese husband, still remembers the __2__ (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese family’s group.The rule in her family was that the __3__ (high) amount sent the next. Attracted by the unique way of municating, many foreigners __4__ (join) in sending and grabbing red packets so far.Usually, the money in each packet is random.Thus the amount of money one can grab __5__ (large) depends on his or her luck, from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan.Many foreigners get more familiar __6__ Chinese culture through “red packets”．Two years ago, when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, she had no clue about the __7__ (hide) meanings.Now, she has not only known about them, but also has sent a few. However, the popularity of virtual red packets doesn’t stop people sending paper red packets __8__ (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It __9__ (call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition, people take giving children lucky money as __10__ blessing. 語篇解讀：許多外國人通過“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國文化。但是真正的紙質(zhì)紅包并未被替代，在春節(jié)時人們給孩子壓歲錢以表示對孩子的祝福。 1．who　分析本句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞為a 32yearold British woman，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 2．excitement　根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處用名詞形式。 3．highest　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，搶到紅包金額最高的人要發(fā)下一個紅包，故用最高級。 4．have joined　根據(jù)該句中的“so far”可知，到目前為止，已經(jīng)有許多外國人被“微信紅包”這一特殊的交流方式吸引，并參與了搶紅包和發(fā)紅包。據(jù)此可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時。 5．largely　空處修飾動詞短語“depends on”，故用副詞形式。 6．with　許多外國人通過“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國文化。get familiar with為固定搭配，意為“熟悉……”。 7．hidden　Felicity Miller不知道這兩個數(shù)字背后隱藏的意義。根據(jù)空前的冠詞the和空后的名詞meanings可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，故填hidden。 8．containing　paper red packets和動詞contain之間是主謂關(guān)系且contain與句子謂語之間無連詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作名詞paper red packets的后置定語。 9．is called　這種紙質(zhì)的紅包被稱為“壓歲錢”。根據(jù)句意可知，主語It 和動詞call之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；本句陳述的是一般現(xiàn)象，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。 10．a(chǎn)　人們將給孩子壓歲錢作為一種祝福。此處泛指“一種祝?！保视貌欢ü谠~。 (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P168) 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①__annual__ adj.每年的；按年度計算的 n．年刊；年鑒 ②__pause__ vt.暫停；中止 ③__drag__ vt.拖；拉；扯 ④__urge__ vt.催促；極力主張 ⑤__target__ n．目標(biāo)；靶子 ⑥deep adj.深的 __depth__ n．深度；深處 2．?？荚~匯 ①flee (fled，fled) vi.__逃避；逃跑__ vt.__逃離__ ②opposite prep.__在……對面__ adj.__相反的__ opposition n．__反對；抵抗__ oppositely adv.__相反地__ ③acmodation n．__住所；住宿__ acmodate vt.__提供住宿__ ④abandon vt.__放棄；遺棄；拋棄__ abandoned adj.__被遺棄的；放縱的__ ⑤reflect v．__思考；映射；反射__ reflection n．__反射；反映__ ⑥aware adj.__意識到的；知道的__ awareness n．__意識，覺悟__ ⑦scare vi.__恐嚇__ vt.__受驚嚇__ scared adj.__恐懼的；害怕的__ ⑧conservation n．__保護(hù)；保存__ ⑨pension n．__養(yǎng)老金__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Many farmers __opposed__ (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 2．To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet __deep__ (depth)．(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 3．There are several reasons to believe that the __urges__ (urge) to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.(2016江蘇卷) 4．Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised __awareness__ (aware) of the dangers of pollution on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 5．“and I know what you meant，but slowing down __scares__ (scare) me.Life isn’t having it made；it’s getting it made.”(2015天津卷) 6．It is not the story itself but what __is reflected__ (reflect) in the story that counts.(2015福建卷) 7．It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敵) __fleeing__ (flee) to quieter areas.(2015四川卷) 8．Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板)．Then they would __have dragged__ (drag) them along paths.(2015四川卷) ?“最終，最后”家族 ①eventually adv.終于，最后； eventual adj.最終的 ②finally adv.最后，終于；final adj.最后的；最終的 ③lastly adv.最后(一點) ④at last 最后 ⑤in the end 最后 ?后綴or必備名詞集錦 ①calculator 計算器/機(jī) ②petitor 競爭人，對手 ③director 指導(dǎo)者，導(dǎo)演 ④indicator 指示者 ⑤governor 統(tǒng)治者，地方長官 ⑥actor 演員 ⑦visitor 參觀者 ⑧translator 翻譯家，翻譯者 ?“名詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的高頻詞速記 ①headache n．頭痛 ②suitcase n．手提箱 ③teamwork n．團(tuán)隊合作；配合 ④timetable n．時間表；時刻表 ⑤background n．背景；經(jīng)歷 ?以“fy”結(jié)尾的動詞 ①identify vt.確認(rèn)；識別 ②clarify vt.澄清；闡明 ③satisfy vt.使?jié)M意 ④beautify vt.美化 ⑤classify vt.分類 ⑥purify vt.使純凈 ⑦simplify vt.簡化 【完形填空】 When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I __1__ that I could just give what I thought others __2__ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was __3__ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. __4__ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the __5__ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections __6__ people. My struggle with mental health was something that __7__ into a campaign to let every single person know that they __8__ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be __9__ to convey this idea，but I __10__ pursued my passions (激情). The __11__ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help __12__：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and __13__ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to __14__ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a __15__ place to express themselves and learn __16__ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly __17__ to inspire both myself and my friends. When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My __18__ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of __19__ problems，but something that can be changed by even the __20__ actions. 1．A.wondered B．figured C．doubted D．predicted 2．A.wanted B．ignored C．lost D．ordered 3．A.unfortunately B．totally C．regularly D．a(chǎn)ccurately 4．A.It B．They C．He D．This 5．A.ability B．desire C．belief D．reason 6．A.for B．with C．from D．a(chǎn)bout 7．A.fell B．divided C．broke D．turned 8．A.mattered B．existed C．survived D．succeeded 9．A.difficult B．funny C．different D．perfect 10．A.casually B．briefly C．firmly D．surely 11．A.difficulty B．purpose C．fruits D．method 12．A.strangers B．teenagers C．friends D．families 13．A.led B．lent C．passed D．limited 14．A.write B．memorize C．prepare D．recall 15．A.quiet B．important C．large D．safe 16．A.how B．what C．where D．when 17．A.discussions B．suggestions C．experience D．theories 18．A.final B．primary C．simple D．grand 19．A.plex B．unsolvable C．unknown D．terrible 20．A.latest B．laziest C．slowest D．smallest 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實際行動來幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動，因為即使是最小的行動都可以產(chǎn)生影響。 1．B　考查動詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認(rèn)為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項意為“想知道”；B項意為“認(rèn)為，以為”；C項意為“懷疑”；D項意為“預(yù)測”。短文第一句說明了作者小時候的想法，即作者認(rèn)為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細(xì)地解釋他的想法。B項符合語境。故選B。 2．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“想要”；B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“丟失”；D項意為“命令，訂購”。此處指作者認(rèn)為給予別人他認(rèn)為別人需要的東西，他就會快樂。A項符合語境。故選A。 3．B　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“不幸地”；B項意為“完全地”；C項意為“定期地”；D項意為“準(zhǔn)確地”。由下文可知，因為作者的臨床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達(dá)的是“這個思維過程完全變了”。B項符合語境。故選B。 4．A　考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It bees/became＋adj.＋that從句”，代詞it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。故選A。 5．A　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“能力”；B項意為“渴望”；C項意為“信念”；D項意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語境可知，作者所需要的和每個人所需要的一樣，就是愛自己的能力。A項符合語境。故選A。 6．B　考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點，我必須學(xué)會如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with...是固定短語，表示“與……建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。 7．D　考查動詞短語辨析。各選項所給動詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達(dá)的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場運動。turn into符合語境。故選D。 8．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“重要，有關(guān)系”；B項意為“存在”；C項意為“幸存”；D項意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldn’t be replaced”可推知，此處表達(dá)的是“讓每個人都知道他們很重要，無法被替代”。A項符合語境。故選A。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“困難的”；B項意為“滑稽的”；C項意為“不同的”；D項意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個想法”。A項符合語境。故選A。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“隨意地”；B項意為“簡短地”；C項意為“堅定地”；D項意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)“但是我堅定地追隨我的激情”。C項符合語境。故選C。 11．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學(xué)校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助……的習(xí)慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語境。故選C。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。 ...Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and ________ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 譯文：……每個星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎品來到學(xué)校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。 由關(guān)鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語境。故選B。 13．C　考查動詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語，意為“把……傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達(dá)的是作者把帶來的作業(yè)獎品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。 14．B　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“寫”；B項意為“記住”；C項意為“準(zhǔn)備”；D項意為“回憶”。由語境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個俱樂部，學(xué)生們在這里可以表達(dá)自己的想法，由此可知這是一個安全的地方，學(xué)生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語境。故選D。 16．A　考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。由語境可知，作者想讓學(xué)生學(xué)會如何把表達(dá)的情感運用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語境。故選A。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“討論”；B項意為“建議”；C項意為“經(jīng)驗”；D項意為“理論”。在作者的個人社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)賬號上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵自己和朋友的帖子應(yīng)是建議之類的內(nèi)容。B項符合語境，其余各項均與語境不符。故選B。 18．A　考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句) 譯文：這將幫助我在將來建立一個非盈利基金會。 由關(guān)鍵句可知，作者一直堅持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說的就是他的最終目標(biāo)。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語境。故選A。 19．B　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“復(fù)雜的”；B項意為“難以解決的”；C項意為“未知的”；D項意為“糟糕的”。由語境可知，作者的最終目標(biāo)是要證明這個世界不是無法解決的問題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語境。故選B。 20．D　考查形容詞最高級辨析。A項意為“最新的”；B項意為“最懶的”；C項意為“最慢的”；D項意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動都會改變一些事情。D項符合語境。故選D。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．(be)＋adj.＋of ①(be) ahead __of__ 優(yōu)于；在……前面 ②be/bee aware __of__ 對……知道、明白；意識到…… 2．be＋adj.＋to ①(be) scared __to__ death 嚇?biāo)懒? ②get close __to__ 靠近 ③be __about__ to do 即將；將要 3．動詞＋介詞(副詞) ①aim __at__ 瞄準(zhǔn) ②help(...) __out__ 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難 ③hold __up__ 舉起；抬起；支撐；阻擋；使延誤 4．其他形式 ①__in__ the meantime 在此期間；與此同時 ②upside __down__ 上下翻轉(zhuǎn) 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．He was rushing back to __help__ them __out__ of poverty. 2．At first I was not quite __aware of__ what the gentleman was aiming at. 3．The conference will begin in an hour；__in the meantime__，let’s have a chat. 4．From now on，you don’t take me to watch horrible movies.I __was scared to death__ last night. 5．She was always well __ahead of__ the rest of the class. 6．I __was about to__ leave when the telephone rang. 7．They，too，are __getting close to__ the time when they start to build their nests. 8．I’m sorry，but my remarks were not __aimed at__ you. ?“動詞＋out”短語全接觸 ①bring out 出版；公布 ②carry out 執(zhí)行 ③check out 結(jié)賬后離開 ④drop out 退出 ⑤leave out 忽略；遺漏 ⑥cut out 停止；剪下 ⑦let out 放出 ⑧back out 決定不履行(允諾的事) ?to為介詞……的短語串記 ①pare...to...把……比作 ②adapt...to...使……適應(yīng)…… ③adjust...to...調(diào)節(jié)……以適應(yīng)…… ④attach...to...將……附在……上 ⑤prefer...to...喜歡……勝過…… ⑥apply...to...把……應(yīng)用于……；專心于 ⑦addict...to...對……上癮 ⑧expose...to...將……暴露于……之下 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.It was a time when the killer whales，or“killers”as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 那個時期，虎鯨(當(dāng)時被稱為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時捕捉須鯨。 It was a time when...“曾經(jīng)一度(那時)”，when引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾time。 我曾一度迷戀網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，現(xiàn)在真是后悔。 __It was a time when__ I was addicted to playing puter games；how I regret now. 2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 這是宣告捕鯨行動馬上就要開始的呼聲。 be about to do sth.意為“正要做某事”。 我正要做一件重要工作這時女兒過來打斷了我。 I __was about to do__ an important piece of work __when__ my daughter came to interrupt me. 3.The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. 水很淺，但到了珊瑚礁的盡頭，就有一個陡坡，一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。 where...，there be...“在……地方，有……”，where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。 常言道，有志者事竟成。 As the saying goes，__where there is__ a will，__there is__ a way. 【短文改錯】 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 【答案】　 This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. 第一處：picking→picked?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，pick up和句子主語book構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。 第二處：刪除so?？疾檫B詞。so和because都是連詞，不能同時使用，故刪除so。注：刪除Because保留so也是可以的。 第三處：exciting→excited?？疾榉衷~形容詞。excited一般修飾人，而exciting一般修飾物。 第四處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。man第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。 第五處：try→trying?？疾榉侵^語動詞。try和句子謂語saw之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動詞。此外，try和句子主語I構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 第六處：head→headed?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。由后面的“was free”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。 第七處：book→books?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)a pile of可知，書不止一本，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第八處：to→for。考查介詞。介詞for表示“為了”，符合語境。 第九處：quick→quickly?？疾楦痹~。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞jumped，在句子中作狀語。 第十處：someone后加who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。who引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語。