2018屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練 第二部分 閱讀理解技巧與體裁演練 課時(shí)15 閱讀理解七選五（一）

《2018屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練 第二部分 閱讀理解技巧與體裁演練 課時(shí)15 閱讀理解七選五（一）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2018屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練 第二部分 閱讀理解技巧與體裁演練 課時(shí)15 閱讀理解七選五（一）（13頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 課時(shí)15　閱讀理解七選五(1) 一、題型特點(diǎn) 閱讀理解七選五主要考查對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯的理解和掌握。七選五以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解為主。文章以說明文和議論文居多，且結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，過程完整，適合考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過渡句等，以達(dá)到考查學(xué)生綜合閱讀能力的要求。短文的特點(diǎn)如下： (1)選材特點(diǎn)：短文一般為300詞左右的說明文或議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)240詞左右，選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)60詞左右； (2)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常為：提出問題——解決問題； (3)七個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義上都與短文相關(guān)，設(shè)空類型一般有標(biāo)題類、段落主題句類、過渡句類、細(xì)節(jié)類； (4)選項(xiàng)均為完整句子，句型不一； (5)順序通常按長度排列。

2、二、解題技巧 1．通讀全文 快速瀏覽文章，尋找主題句，弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章內(nèi)容。 在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首句及末句，因?yàn)椤伴_門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式較為常見。首段一般是全文的主題所在，說明文章將探討的內(nèi)容，并會(huì)簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式呈現(xiàn)。掌握首句對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果首句是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章將如何展開，并對(duì)文章的寫作主題有一個(gè)整體的了解。如果首句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時(shí)，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式，如兩者均可排除，則需要在文章中的其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意首段與末

3、段的提示作用。 2．略讀段落 在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出每段的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或段落大意。 文章正文部分通常分為若干段落。各段落會(huì)圍繞文章主題展開，對(duì)文章主題從不同的方面進(jìn)行敘述。找出各個(gè)段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為解答題目作好鋪墊。 3．定位選項(xiàng) 明確各備選項(xiàng)的含義，抓往其中的關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)要注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的銜接性標(biāo)志詞。 在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要特別注意空白所在段落的上、下段的寫作內(nèi)容，以及空白所在段落上段的尾句和下一段的首句。將所選選項(xiàng)放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語意及邏輯上的一致關(guān)系，是否符合該處語境，能否使文章無論在內(nèi)容還是銜接上都

4、連貫。 一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，尤其要注意，文章的寫作線索，文章寫作思路的連貫性使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子都成為文章必不可少的一部分。如果選項(xiàng)放入空白處后，文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其他選項(xiàng)。 4．通讀復(fù)檢 將所選選項(xiàng)代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。 在完成選項(xiàng)定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語意是否連貫，各段內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)，從而判斷選擇的選項(xiàng)是否正確。同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相近選項(xiàng)的對(duì)比分析，個(gè)別干擾項(xiàng)由于與正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近而具有很

5、強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時(shí)就需要我們認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項(xiàng)。 5．研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。 【典題演練】 (2017·全國新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insec

6、t bites，ill-cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.__1__ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__2__ We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This

7、brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning. I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.__3__ Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and

8、an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. __4__ We have done a lot of it since.Recently，we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator

9、.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. __5__ It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style. A．This time there was no tent. B．Things are going to be improved. C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.

10、D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however. E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F．After the trip，my family became quite interested in camping. G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【能力提升】 A 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

11、 The iPhone, the iPad, each of Apple's products sounds cool and has become a fad (一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚). __1__ And many other brands are following suit. The BBC's iPlayer—which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet—adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear—popular in the US and UK—that plays music

12、and video is called “iTeddy”. __2__ In general, single-letter prefixes(前綴) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use. Most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent's “i”， it's no surprise that

13、they've selected this fashionable name. __3__ Why not use “a”， “b”， or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King's College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”， no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individu

14、al or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn't have one clear definition，” he says. “However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (輕便) .”adds Thorne. __4__ Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love pers

15、onalized products for this reason. Along with “Google” and “blog”， readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade. But as history shows, people grow tired of fads(時(shí)尚). From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashio

16、nable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. __5__. A．But it's hard to see what's so special about the letter “i”. B．The letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the products. C．Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” . D．However, as we entered

17、the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared. E．Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are environmentally friendly. F．A version of London's Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”． G．Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the

18、 Western World is centered on the individual. B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Sometimes people come into your life and you come to realize that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to beco

19、me. You never know who these people may be (possibly your roommate, neighbor, co-worker, long-lost friend, lover, or even a complete stranger). __1__ And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but in reflection you find that without overcoming those obs

20、tacles you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. __2__ Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to nowhere. __3__ T

21、he people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. __4__ If someone hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust

22、and the importance of being cautious when you open your heart. If someone loves you, love them back unconditionally, not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your heart and eyes to things. __5__ Appreciate every moment and take from those

23、moments everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high, hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you

24、are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don't believe in yourself, it will be hard for others to believe in you. A．Make every moment count. B．Money is very useful but they can't buy anything. C．It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and rather pointless. D．In fact they are

25、 probably the most miserable and important ones. E．Things often turn out in an unfavorable way that you reluctantly expect. F．But when you lock eyes with(目光鎖定于) them, you know in an instant that they will affect your life in some way. G．Illness, injury, love, brilliant achievements, and sheer stu

26、pidity all occur to test the limits of your soul. C 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Are you a saver or a spender? A penny saved is a penny earned. __1__ “Putting money away for a rainy day” is another way to talk about saving for the future. People who hate to spend money are know

27、n as “tightwads”，while those who like to get the most value for their money are called“thrifty”. A thrifty person is different from a spendthrift. __2__ People like that are often said to spend money “l(fā)ike a drunken sailor” or “l(fā)ike there's no tomorrow”． In the United States, people who want

28、 to start a savings account have different choices of where to put their money. These include banks and credit unions. Credit unions are cooperatives for people who have some kind of connection. For example, the members might work for a university or a government agency. __3__ Credit unions, ban

29、ks and other financial institutions pay interest on savings accounts. But the interest rates are low. Certificates of deposit(存款)pay higher returns. With a certificate of deposit，a person agrees not to withdraw the money for a certain period of time. __4__ Longer terms and larger amounts pay h

30、igher interest.People can withdraw their money early but they have to pay a penalty(罰金)． In a number of countries, people have been saving less over the years. It is reported that in 2000, Americans had a household savings rate of 7%. __5__ Many European countries have higher rates, but Americ

31、ans save more than families in Japan. A．Before gold, even kings take off their hats. B．People are willing to save money for the future. C．Most credit unions are non-profit organizations. D．This year the rate is expected to be a little more than 4%. E．A spendthrift is someone who spends money wa

32、stefully. F．This old saying calls attention to the wisdom of saving money. G．This term could be anywhere from a few months to several years. D 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they di

33、e within a month.__1__ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.__2__ We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加強(qiáng)) connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory t

34、hat sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神經(jīng)元) in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day.__3__ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.__4__ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cen

35、t smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi's theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a night's sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new

36、experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.__5__ “You keep what matters，”Tononi says. A．We should also try to sleep well the night

37、 before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep

38、 after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice. E 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Qualities of a Good Friend Good friends always make li

39、fe seem much easier and better. __1__ Though it might be unnecessary to know the definitions of a good friend, it is important to know the qualities of a good friend and the skills to be a good friend! __2__ To be a good friend, you must fully accept your friend with his/her faults. Friendship is a

40、ll about awareness and acceptance of people as they are. An important test of friendship is the reliability of a friend. Whether to keep a secret or if she wants to get help in an emergency－the reliability is an important ingredient(成分)in friendship. Living together is one of the most beautiful fri

41、endships. It is not a matter whatever friends always stick! Be it one of the most boring days in your life or one of the toughest battles of life or one of its most memorable moments in life! __3__ Even if your friend thinks they are wrong, he/she will first try to assure you that no matter which si

42、de you choose, true friends are always two steps back! If you look horrible in that dress you bought last week, a true friend will always tell you! __4__ True friends, who often speak from their minds, are ready to give you a taste of the bitter truth—even sugar coated(涂上……)－or help you deal with i

43、t! Often when you feel sad or depressed, you need not ever explain to your friend that you are feeling bad. __5__ Understanding without words, that is the highest level of friendship. To be a good friend requires patience to understand your friend. A．Loyalty is the best policy of all. B．Honesty i

44、s essential in any relationship. C．A true friend knows when you are upset. D．Full acceptance is a key element of any human relationship. E．Understanding is always important between you and your friend. F．Unconditional support and encouragement is one of the things that friends have. G．In our bu

45、sy lives, sometimes when we feel stuck and isolated, it is our friends who spend their time with us. F 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment. Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents. They also reduce the effect of a c

46、rash on the body. __1__ Worldwide, the devices have protected up to a million people. America first recognized the invention of an automobile seat belt in 1849.The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safet

47、y device. __2__ This early version of safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object. Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt. __3__ It resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer, Nils Bohlin. His three-point, lap a

48、nd shoulder seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago. Nils Bohlin recognized that both the upper and lower body needed to be held securely in place. His invention contained a cloth strap (帶子) that was placed across the chest and another strap across the hips (臂部). __4__ Volvo was th

49、e first company to offer the modern seat belt to its cars. This company also provided use of Nils Bohlin's design to other car-makers. __5__ He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995.He died in Sweden in 2002. A．Claghorn called his invention a safety

50、belt. B．The design joined the straps next to the hip. C．The Swedish engineer won many honors for his seat belt. D．Claghorn was a promising young engineer with many honors all his life. E．But more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed. F．There are many companies adopti

51、ng Nils Bohlin's invention of the seat belt. G．Safety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone. G 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Spending a term abroad can be one of the most thrilling experiences of your college career. __1__ The following are top

52、tips of the experts on improving your time abroad. Set specific goals.“Set goals for yourself when going abroad so that you can bring experiences back home with you，” says Harrison，the Outreach Manager of Go Abroad.“Whether you want to learn to cook a traditional recipe from your host family or pac

53、k for the long-term，these lessons of daily life can translate back home __2__.” Befriend the locals. “Make at least one local friend，” says Matthew, co-founder of Students Gone Global. “Join a club，community service group，or a sports league. __3__ Go out of your way to talk to students in your cla

54、sses.” __4__ “Take classes that are interesting and related to the local culture.” says Matthew. “I highly recommend classes with field trips because your professor can show you a side of the country you never would have seen on your own.” If you're staying with a host family, do get to know the

55、m. “When living with a host family, be mindful of their lifestyle and try your best to adapt to it，” says Lauren, a member of GoAbroad's Conten & Outreach Team.“Have a conversation about rules and customs right away to be sure you know what your host family expects of you. __5__ Try every meal that

56、is offered to you at least once, and ask them to teach you how to play their favorite sport or game.” A．Join in their way of life yourself. B．You must first ask your host's permission. C．Sign up for classes that allow you to explore. D．The trips can help you out of loneliness. E．It will help yo

57、u form a network and find people you click with. F．But it's challenging to adapt to a new culture，especially when you don't speak the native language. G．How you choose to learn from your experiences，or even apply them as transferable job skills，will make all the difference. H 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填

58、入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 How to Teach New Vocabulary Words __1__ The essential parts for teaching vocabulary involve teaching students how to use a dictionary to look up words they don't know, guessing the meaning of a word from its context and how to determine a definition of a word using tools suc

59、h as root words, prefixes and suffixes. For elementary school children, looking up words in the dictionary is one of the first fundamental lessons a student should learn. __2__ You can then help them to practice these skills by giving them a list of words to look up on a daily basis. They can play

60、games such as dictionary races to see who can look up each of the words the fastest, in order to make this more interesting. Students should keep a vocabulary notebook in which they write down all of the new words which they need to look up in their dictionaries. While learning vocabulary is useful

61、, it is impossible for students to learn every word that they will ever encounter.__3__ Students can improve their vocabulary when they use contextual clues to help them to identify the meanings of words they don't know. Students can practice this skill by doing fill-in-the-blank exercises in which

62、one word is left out and they have to determine an appropriate word to put in the blank. __4__ Prefixes, suffixes and root words are the building blocks of the English language. Teachers should provide students with a definition of root words, prefixes and suffixes and teach them the meanings of co

63、mmon root words, prefixes and suffixes. __5__ A．Learn to look for clues in the sentence itself. B．Students should understand how most dictionaries work. C．Teaching vocabulary involves a number of different parts. D．It is about giving students the coping skills necessary to understand what to do

64、if they don't know a vocabulary word. E．When students learn these building blocks, they will be better able to identify words they do not know. F．Therefore, it is essential to also teach students how to cope with words that they don't know in case they cannot look them up. G．They can also be give

65、n sentences in which there are two or more new words whose meanings have to be guessed. 課時(shí)15　閱讀理解七選五(1) 【典題演練】 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者由不喜歡野營到喜歡上野營的過程。作者認(rèn)為每個(gè)人遲早都會(huì)找到回歸自然的方式，呼吁大家尋找與大自然相處的方式。 1．D　[解本題可用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法?？崭袂耙痪湔f“他們與我沒有共同之處”，空格后一段講述了作者的一次野營，前后之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以此處需要填一個(gè)承上啟下的轉(zhuǎn)折句，這與D項(xiàng)中的however相呼應(yīng)。本設(shè)空類型為過渡句類。]

66、 2．C　[解本題可用句意判斷法。根據(jù)后文的描述“我們睡帳篷，在篝火上做飯，走很長的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知，這次野營比較艱難，這與C項(xiàng)中的rough相對(duì)應(yīng)。本設(shè)空類型為段落總結(jié)類。] 3．A　[解本題可用關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法。根據(jù)后文轉(zhuǎn)折副詞instead后的描述“我們這次有野營車，里面有舒服的床和空調(diào)”可知，這次的野營沒有帳篷，故選A項(xiàng)。 本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。] 4．F　[解本題可用詞匯鎖定法和句意判斷法。根據(jù)空格后的代詞we可判斷所填句子中應(yīng)含有復(fù)數(shù)名詞，再結(jié)合空格后面一句“從那以后我們進(jìn)行了很多次野營”可判斷應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)“這次野營后，我的家人都對(duì)野營相當(dāng)感興趣了”。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。] 5．E　[解本題可用設(shè)題位置法。根據(jù)整篇文章的行文思路來看，此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)總結(jié)升華的句子，結(jié)合空格后面一句“每個(gè)人遲早都會(huì)找到回歸自然的方式”可判斷選E項(xiàng)。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。] 【能力提升演練】 A 1～5　CFAGD B 1～5　FGCDA C 1～5　FECGD D 1～5　CEFGB E 1～5　GDFBC F 1～5　GAEBC G 1～5　FG