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牛津9A Unit 2 重點詞匯解析
■ 江蘇 李建高
1. sleep & sleepy & sleeping & asleep
sleep既可作動詞,又可作名詞,意為“睡覺,睡眠”。如:
I didn’t have a good sleep last night. / I didn’t sleep well last night. 我昨晚睡得不好。
sleepy作形容詞,意為“瞌睡的,想睡覺的,困倦的”,在句中既可作定語,又可作表語。如:
Look! What an sleepy child he is! 瞧,他是一個多么瞌睡的孩子??!
After walking
2、a long way, I felt sleepy a lot. 走了很長一段路之后,我感到非常困倦。
sleeping是形容詞,意為“睡覺的,用于睡眠的,與睡眠有關(guān)的”,在句中只能作定語。如:
I’d like to take a sleeping car on the train. 我想乘臥鋪火車。
asleep是形容詞,意為“睡著的,在睡覺的”,在句中只能作表語。be asleep表示“睡著的”;fall asleep表示“入睡,睡著”。如:
Were you asleep or awake when I opened the door? 我開門時,你睡著了還是醒著呢?
It’
3、s too hot for me to fall asleep. 太熱了,我睡不著。
【練一練】用sleep, sleepy, sleeping或asleep填空。
⑴Take the ______ pills, and you will fall ______ soon.
⑵The teacher asked the ______ child to stand for some time.
⑶The man downstairs found it difficult to get to ______.
2. calm
【解析】calm作形容詞,意為“平靜的;冷靜的,沉著的”。如:
4、
After the storm, it became calm again. 暴風(fēng)雨過后,天氣又恢復(fù)平靜。
You must keep calm when you are in danger. 處于危險時,你一定要鎮(zhèn)靜。
calm作及物動詞,意為“使平靜/冷靜”;作不及物動詞,意為“平靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來”。calm down也可表示“平靜/鎮(zhèn)定下來”。如:
He soon calmed the barking dog. 他馬上使吠叫的狗安靜下來。
At last, the wild wind calmed down. 狂風(fēng)終于平息了。
calm還可作名詞,意為“平靜(的)”。如:
T
5、here was a calm on the sea. 海上風(fēng)平浪靜。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴平靜的湖水引起了我們?nèi)ビ斡镜呐d趣。
The ______ ______ in the lake invited us to swim.
⑵護士們竭力使那個焦灼的病人平靜下來。
The nurses tried their best ______ ______ the anxious patient.
⑶讓孩子們靜一靜,他們太興奮了。
Try to ______ ______ ______ ______. They are too excited.
3. affect &
6、 influence
affect和influence都可作及物動詞,在表示對人或事物的影響時,意思接近。它們的區(qū)別是:
affect常指有形力量造成的物質(zhì)或心理上的影響,側(cè)重“影響”的動作,指一時的“影響”。當賓語是health或表示身體某部分的詞語時,常指“對……產(chǎn)生不良影響”;當賓語是人時,指對人的心智和情感發(fā)生作用,使之產(chǎn)生感情波動。如:
Smoking can affect your health. 吸煙會影響你的健康。
The rise in the price has affected all of them. 物價的上漲影響了他們所有的人。
influence常指無形
7、力量所造成的潛移默化的、特久的影響,尤指感情或態(tài)度上的影響。這種影響往往是間接的,是通過說服或?qū)嶋H行動樹立榜樣而對他人產(chǎn)生影響。如:
Her words won’t affect my decision. 她的話不會影響我的決定。
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 誰也不能避免受到廣告的影響。
【練一練】用affect或influence填空。
⑴The noise from the street ______ my work.
⑵The couple is similar in characteristics
8、in some ways. Perhaps they ______ each other.
⑶The American film made the people deeply ______.
4. require
【解析】require作及物動詞,意為“需要,要求”。主要用法有:⑴后接名詞或代詞;⑵后接帶動詞不定式的復(fù)合賓語,即require sb. (not) to do sth.,表示“要求某人(不)做某事”;⑶后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:
The old people require much more care and love. 老人需要更多的關(guān)愛。
True frie
9、ndship requires us to show trust and loyalty. 真正的友誼需要我們表現(xiàn)出信任與忠誠。
The situation required that we stayed there. 當時的情況要求我們留在那兒。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴解決這個問題需要大量的時間。
To solve this problem ______ a lot of time.
⑵老師要求我們在兩小時內(nèi)完成試卷。
The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ the paper within two hours.
5. d
10、iscover & invent
discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺”,常指通過調(diào)查等發(fā)現(xiàn)本來已經(jīng)存在,但尚未被人了解、認識或挖掘到的事物。如:
Coal was first discovered and used in China. 中國人首先發(fā)現(xiàn)并使用了煤。
The police discovered an iron box hidden under he floor. 警方發(fā)現(xiàn)地下藏著一個鐵盒子。
invent意為“發(fā)明”,指通過思考、實驗和研究等創(chuàng)造了前所未有的事物。此外,invent還有“虛構(gòu),編造”之意。如:
Edison invented the electric lam
11、p. 愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。
They invented an excuse for being late. 他們編造了一個遲到的理由。
【練一練】用discover或invent的適當形式填空。
⑴They ______ a new oil field in North China last year.
⑵Alexander Graham Bell ______ the telephone in 1876.
6. promise
【解析】promise作及物動詞,意為“允諾,答應(yīng)”。promise (sb.) to do sth. 表示“答應(yīng)(某人)做某事”。如:
I have p
12、romised Nancy to attend her birthday party. 我已經(jīng)答應(yīng)南希去參加她的生日聚會了。
promise還可作可數(shù)名詞,意為“承諾,諾言”。make a promise表示“許下諾言”;keep a promise表示“遵守諾言”。如:
I have made a promise to visit my aunt next summer holiday. 我已經(jīng)許諾下個暑假去看望姑媽。
You should keep your promise. 你應(yīng)該遵守你的諾言。
【練一練】根據(jù)漢語提示,完成句子。
⑴你必須答應(yīng)我好好休息一下。
You mus
13、t ______ ______ ______ ______ a good rest.
⑵我已經(jīng)許諾明天上午八點鐘到那兒。
I have ______ ______ ______ that I’ll be there at 8:00 tomorrow morning.
7. success & successful & successfully
success是名詞,意為“成功”。如:
As students, working hard is the key to success. 作為學(xué)生,努力學(xué)習(xí)是成功的關(guān)鍵。
successful是形容詞,意為“成功的”,由名詞success加
14、上后綴-ful構(gòu)成。 be successful in doing sth. 表示“成功做某事”。如:
They were successful in solving the problem. 他們成功地解決了這個難題。
successfully是副詞,意為“成功地”,由形容詞successful加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成,在句中作狀語。如:
I was very happy that I finished my job successfully. 我很高興順利地完成了我的工作。
【練一練】根據(jù)句意及漢語提示寫單詞。
⑴Our performance was ______ (成功的).
⑵
15、Mr Wang is a great ______ (成功) as a teacher.
⑶They went across the river ______ (成功地).
8. advise
【解析】advise作及物動詞,意為“建議”,用于以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu):⑴advise sb. to do sth. 意為“建議某人做某事”;⑵advise sb. + 疑問詞 + to do。如:
Our teacher advises us to read English aloud every morning. 我們老師建議我們每天早晨大聲讀英語。
My parents often advise
16、 me what to do on Sunday. 我父母常建議我星期天做什么。
【知識鏈接】advise的名詞形式是advice。give sb. some advice表示“給某人提建議”。如:
Could you please give me some good advice? 請你給我提一些好建議好嗎?
【練一練】根據(jù)句意及首字母提示寫單詞。
⑴The doctor a ______ her to take a good rest.
⑵Let me give you a piece of a______.
9. free
【解析】free作形容詞,有“空閑的,(空間;房屋
17、)空余的,自由的,免費的”的意思,在句中可作表語或定語。如:
Are you free tomorrow? 你明天有空嗎?
Is there a single room free in your hotel? 你們旅館有單人空房嗎?
The prisoner wished to be free again. 囚犯想重新獲得自由。
Admission is free for children under eight. 八歲以下的孩子免費入場。
【知識鏈接】be free表示“有空的”,與be busy“忙碌的”意思相反。如:
The line is busy! 電話占線!
【練一練
18、】選詞填空。
⑴Are you ______ (free / busy) for the lunch with me tomorrow?
⑵Children are very ______ (free / busy). They have little time to do what they like.
Keys: 1. ⑴sleeping; asleep ⑵sleepy ⑶sleep 2. ⑴calm water ⑵to calm ⑶calm the children down 3. ⑴affected ⑵influenced ⑶affected 4. ⑴requires ⑵requires us to finish / requires that we finish 5. ⑴discovered ⑵invented 6. ⑴promise me to have ⑵made a promise 7. ⑴successful ⑵success ⑶successfully 8. ⑴advised ⑵advice 9. ⑴free ⑵busy