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1、五、介詞和介詞短語五、介詞和介詞短語 從從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。處的最佳選項。()1. With new technology,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color.Aby BforCwith Din1D。本題考查的是介詞的用法。句意為。本題考查的是介詞的用法。句意為“隨隨著新技術(shù)的發(fā)展,可以拍攝海床山谷的彩色照著新技術(shù)的發(fā)展,可以拍攝海床山谷的彩色照片。片?!贝颂幋颂巌n表狀態(tài),與表狀態(tài),與be in order用法相同。用法相同。()2. Shirley, a r
2、eal book lover, often brings home many books to read_ the library.Ain BforCby Dfrom2D。本題考查介詞用法。本題考查介詞用法。to read是不定式作是不定式作目的狀語,即目的狀語,即“often bring many books home from the library to read”,from“從從”。句意。句意為為“Shirley經(jīng)常把許多書從圖書館帶回家里讀。經(jīng)常把許多書從圖書館帶回家里讀?!?()3.Although _ my opinion,the old professor didnt come
3、 up with his own.Aagainst Bon Cfor Din3A。根據(jù)句意,此處表示。根據(jù)句意,此處表示“反對反對”。 ()4.Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health.Aof;at Bby;in Cof;on Don;at4C。be convinced of是固定短語,后面表示是固定短語,后面表示 “對對的影響的影響”,所以用,所以用on。 ()5.I think he is taking an active part in social wo
4、rk.I agree with you_.Ain a way Bon the way Cby the way Din the way5A。in a way意思是意思是 “在某種程度上在某種程度上”。眾所周知,介詞又稱為前置詞,是一種虛詞,眾所周知,介詞又稱為前置詞,是一種虛詞,用來表示句子中詞與詞之間的關(guān)系。介詞雖為用來表示句子中詞與詞之間的關(guān)系。介詞雖為虛詞,但其使用的多變性使英語成為世界上最虛詞,但其使用的多變性使英語成為世界上最為靈活、簡潔、精練的語言之一,從而值得學(xué)為靈活、簡潔、精練的語言之一,從而值得學(xué)習(xí)者特別注意。學(xué)習(xí)介詞用法除要掌握一般常習(xí)者特別注意。學(xué)習(xí)介詞用法除要掌握一般常規(guī)
5、用法外,還須注意一些特殊用法、固定搭配規(guī)用法外,還須注意一些特殊用法、固定搭配等。等。注意:注意:1關(guān)于關(guān)于“在周末在周末”的幾種表示法:的幾種表示法:at(on)the weekend 在周末在周末特指特指 at(on)weekends 在周末在周末泛指泛指 over the weekend 在整個周末在整個周末 during the weekend 在周末期間在周末期間 2表示表示“時段時段”、“時期時期”,in 在多數(shù)情況在多數(shù)情況下可以和下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。但如果表示調(diào)持續(xù)。但如果表示“在某項活動的期間在某項活動的期間”,則只
6、能用則只能用during。 但在過去時態(tài)中,但在過去時態(tài)中,in可用于表可用于表“在若干時間以內(nèi)在若干時間以內(nèi)”,這時不要誤用這時不要誤用during。The job was done during a week.() The job was done in a week.()這工作在一星期內(nèi)就完成了。這工作在一星期內(nèi)就完成了。3(1)since the war是指是指“自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來”,若指若指“自從戰(zhàn)爭開始以來自從戰(zhàn)爭開始以來”,須說,須說“since the beginning of the war”。(2)不要將不要將since與與after混淆。比較:混淆。比較:H
7、e has worked here since 1965.(強調(diào)時間段強調(diào)時間段)自從自從1965 年以來,他年以來,他一直在這兒工作。一直在這兒工作。He began to work here after 1965.(強調(diào)時間點強調(diào)時間點)從從1965年以后,他開始在這兒工年以后,他開始在這兒工作。作。二、注意一些表示地點場所的介詞二、注意一些表示地點場所的介詞among 表示表示“在在之中之中”,只強調(diào)在某個群體,只強調(diào)在某個群體中有中有;between 表示表示“在在之間之間”,強調(diào)兩者之間或,強調(diào)兩者之間或每兩者之間;每兩者之間;in the middle of.表示表示“在在中間中間
8、”,強調(diào)在,強調(diào)在某一區(qū)域的正中間。某一區(qū)域的正中間。注意:很多表地點的介詞短語有引申、比喻含義:注意:很多表地點的介詞短語有引申、比喻含義:in the mud在泥中,在泥中,beyond hope絕望,絕望,in freezing在嚴(yán)寒天氣中,在嚴(yán)寒天氣中,in danger在危險中,在危險中,in trouble在困境在困境中,中,in public在公共場合中,在公共場合中,under construction在建設(shè)中,在建設(shè)中,on business出差,出差,in the same boat處境一樣,處境一樣,on sale在出售在出售三、表示方式、手段、工具等介詞三、表示方式、手
9、段、工具等介詞(by,with,on,in)1by:The blind men thought they could learn what the elephant looked like by touching it.make a living by teaching,by hand(手工地,靠手工地,靠手工地手工地),by letter,by post,by electricity,learn sth by heart,struck by the beauty(因美麗因美麗而著迷而著迷)He was paid by the hour / the day / the month.(他按時他按
10、時/日日/月月/被付給工錢被付給工錢)。by plane / train / ship / air / water / sea.,by means of(用用手段,方式手段,方式),by way of(經(jīng)由,經(jīng)由,取道于取道于),learn English by / over / through / on the radio2on:live on food,kneel on ones knees,lie / sleep on ones back / side / face仰仰/側(cè)側(cè)/俯臥俯臥(睡睡)3in:in English,in ink,in silence,in one voice(異口
11、同聲地異口同聲地),in a hurry(匆忙地匆忙地),in surprise(驚訝地驚訝地) 4with:write with a pen,work with ones hands,smell with ones nose,beat the horse with a whip(鞭子鞭子).從從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。處的最佳選項。()1.Most people in that area objected _ a golf playground there.Ato build Bof buildingCto have built D
12、to building1D。固定搭配。固定搭配object to (反對反對) 中中to是介詞,后是介詞,后面要接動名詞。面要接動名詞。 ()2.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _ the developments and recorded every detail.Ain Bat Cfor Don2D。因為。因為keep an eye on.是習(xí)語,意為是習(xí)語,意為“密切注視密切注視”。 ()3._ the rapid growth of short messages sent by mobile phones,the increasing
13、number of criminal cases appeared through short messages.AFor BByCAs DWith3D。表示。表示“隨著隨著”,as是連詞,后接句是連詞,后接句子;子;with是介詞,后接名詞。是介詞,后接名詞。 ()4.Britain has recently had a high level of unemploymentbut the same is true _ many other countries.Aat BfromCof Dto4C。of在在方面。方面。 ()5.The pretty girl is known _ the pu
14、blic _ a little film star _ her excellent performance in a film.Ain;as;with Bto;as;forCamong;with;in Dby;for;because of5B。be known to sb 為某人所知;為某人所知;as作為;作為;be known for因因而出名。而出名。 ()6.The woman sold the eggs _ seven dollars and they were sold _ half price.Awith;at Bfor;atCat;in Dby;on6B。以多少錢買賣用。以多少錢
15、買賣用for;但與;但與price連用,連用,表示以某種價格買賣時,用表示以某種價格買賣時,用at。 ()7.This skirt is made _ your mother _ her own measure.Afor;to Bfor;forCto;to Dfor;by7A。made to (ones own) measure按按(某某人的人的)尺寸定做。尺寸定做。 ()8.Food prices increased _ 10% in less than a year.Afor BtoCby Dat8C。表示。表示“相差相差”的程度用的程度用by。.比較所給介詞的異同,并選擇正確的介詞填空。
16、比較所給介詞的異同,并選擇正確的介詞填空。1I happened to run across him _ (along / in / through) the street the other day.2This kind of work is unfamiliar _ (with / for / to) me.3His bestknown work that is_ (beyond / over / above) all praise can be seen in the museum.4The soldier was wounded in the stomach,and the doctor operated _ (in / on / for) him immediately.5That highrise block is wonderful_ (except / except for / besides) being far away from the downtown area.in to beyond on except for