2018屆高考英語二輪復習 闖關導練 第三部分 完形填空技法與體裁演練 課時21 完形填空體裁技法（三）

《2018屆高考英語二輪復習 闖關導練 第三部分 完形填空技法與體裁演練 課時21 完形填空體裁技法（三）》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《2018屆高考英語二輪復習 闖關導練 第三部分 完形填空技法與體裁演練 課時21 完形填空體裁技法（三）（9頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 課時21　完形填空體裁技法(3) —說明文 【體裁解讀】 說明文一般采用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質、特點、構造、成因、關系或事物的運動變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。說明文十分講究條理性，大多采用時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認知順序來說明事物或事理。做此種類型的完形填空時可利用總分原則。理清段落關系以及運用順勢承接或者逆向對比，巧妙選擇答案。 體裁演練 In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous T

2、heory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively __1__ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the __2__， many managers still agree to Theory X. They believ

3、e, __3__， that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from __4__ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) managers. Different cultures have different ways of __5__ people. Unlike authoritarian manageme

4、nt, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to __6__ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing t

5、hings, which are based on general __7__. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional __8__ managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make de

6、cisions on their own without __9__ managers first. This empowerment(授權) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: __10__ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be __11__ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employe

7、es with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has __12__ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to __13__ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable und

8、er the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or __14__ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the __15__ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than

9、 the amount of time they spend on them. 1．A.desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike 2．A.contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme 3．A.vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise 4．A.outside B．inside C．below D．a(chǎn)bove 5．A.replacing B．a(chǎn)ssessing C．managing D．encouraging 6．A.refer B．contri

10、bute C．object D．a(chǎn)pply 7．A.agreement B．practice C．election D．impression 8．A.bossy B．experienced C．western D．male 9．A.asking B．training C．warning D．firing 10．A.doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating 11．A.honored B．left C．crowded D．compared 12．A.economically B．traditiona

11、lly C．inadequately D．occasionally 13．A.deny B．a(chǎn)dmit C．a(chǎn)ssume D．ensure 14．A.virtual B．ineffective C．day-to-day D．on-the-scene 15．A.opinion B．risk C．performance D．a(chǎn)ttractiveness 【能力提升演練】 A There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.We can see there

12、 is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the __1__ home from work in the evenings.A man will be __2__ the newspaper, and seconds later it __3__ as if he is trying to __4__ it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger __5__ next to him.__6__ place where unplanned short sleep __7__ i

13、s in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring so __8__ that the professor has to ask another student to __9__ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the __10__ of the head pushes the arm off the __11__， and the movement carries

14、 the __12__ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no __13__ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __14__. Police reports are full of __15__ that occur when people fall into sleep and go __16__ the road. If the drivers are __17__， they are not seriously hurt. One

15、 woman's car, __18__， went into the river. She woke up in four feet of __19__ and thought it was raining. When people are really __20__， nothing will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are. 1．A.way B．track C．path D．road 2．A.buying B．folding C．delivering D．reading 3．A.acts B

16、．shows C．a(chǎn)ppears D．sounds 4．A.open B．eat C．find D．finish 5．A.lying B．waiting C．talking D．sitting 6．A.Next B．Every C．Another D．One 7．A.goes on B．ends up C．lasts D．returns 8．A.bravely B．happily C．loudly D．carelessly 9．A.leave B．shake C．keep D．watch 10．A.size B．shape C．weig

17、ht D．strength 11．A.cushion B．desk C．shoulder D．book 12．A.action B．position C．rest D．side 13．A.memory B．reason C．question D．purpose 14．A.thinking B．working C．walking D．driving 15．A.changes B．events C．ideas D．a(chǎn)ccidents 16．A.up B．off C．a(chǎn)long D．down 17．A.lucky B．a(chǎn)wake C．calm

18、 D．strong 18．A.in time B．a(chǎn)t first C．a(chǎn)s usual D．for example 19．A.dust B．water C．grass D．bush 20．A.tired B．drunk C．lonely D．lazy B If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __1__ reason, such as your job or your studies? __2__ p

19、erhaps you're interested in the __3__， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __4__ of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of __5__， but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They __6__ an environment where you can pract

20、ice under the __7__ of someone who's good at the language. We all lead __8__ lives and learning a language takes __9__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __10__. It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learnin

21、g to get by taking __11__. Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I'm too __12__，” they say. Yes，children do learn languages more __13__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __14__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I've al

22、so heard people __15__ about the mistakes they make when __16__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __17__ you're much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never __18__. But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress. And you'll be __19__ by the positive reaction

23、 of some people when you say just a few words in __20__ own language. Good luck! 1．A.technical B．political C．practical D．physical 2．A.After B．So C．Though D．Or 3．A.literature B．transport C．a(chǎn)griculture D．medicine 4．A.view B．knowledge C．form D．database 5．A.paintings B．regulations C．m

24、ethods D．computers 6．A.protect B．change C．respect D．provide 7．A.control B．command C．guidance D．pressure 8．A.busy B．happy C．simple D．normal 9．A.courage B．time C．energy D．place 10．A.theory B．business C．routine D．project 11．A.some risks B．a(chǎn) lot less C．some notes D．a(chǎn) lot more 1

25、2．A.old B．nervous C．weak D．tired 13．A.closely B．quickly C．privately D．quietly 14．A.age B．speed C．distance D．school 15．A.worry B．hesitate C．think D．quarrel 16．A.singing B．working C．bargaining D．learning 17．A.if B．a(chǎn)nd C．but D．before 18．A.tiresome B．hard C．interesting D．easy

26、 19．A.blamed B．a(chǎn)mazed C．interrupted D．informed 20．A.their B．his C．our D．your 課時21　完形填空體裁技法(3)—說明文 【體裁演練】 【語篇導讀】　本文是說明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麥克雷戈所提出的人性假設理論中的X理論和Y理論，并介紹了現(xiàn)代社會中一種新型管理理論：授權管理及其作用。 1．D　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后半句“... will do anything to avoid it”可知很多人為了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，說明那些人大多數(shù)人生性都是懶惰的，都不愿意工作，他們盡可能地逃避

27、工作。故D項正確。] 2．A　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。短語to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某種程度上；to the extreme走向極端。在文章第一段中提到了X理論，大多數(shù)人都缺乏進取心和責任心，不愿對人和事負責，沒有什么雄心壯志，不喜歡負責任，寧可被領導。而Y理論認為大多數(shù)人愿意對工作、對他人負責，人們愿意實行自我管理和自我控制來完成應當完成的目標。這是兩種完全相反的理論，盡管對于這兩種完全相反的理論有很多的證據(jù)，很多管理人仍然同意X理論。故A正確。] 3．B　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。本句中for example表示舉例說明；這些管理人仍然同意X理論，例如他們認為

28、如果要員工效率高，就需要給與他們不斷的監(jiān)督。這屬于X理論的舉例說明。故B正確。] 4．D　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后句“...makes for authoritarian managers...。”可知這屬于專制的管理方法，他們的決定是自上而下的，沒有任何商量的余地。故D項“above上面的”正確。] 5．C　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的管理學的理論，本句使用動詞“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亞洲、西方的管理方法形成呼應。故C正確。] 6．B　[考查動詞短語辨析。短語refer to提到，談到；contribute to做貢獻，導致；ob

29、ject to反對；apply to適用于。亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求管理的過程做出自己的貢獻。故B正確。] 7．A　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞agreement同意；practice練習，做法；election選舉；impression印象。亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎之上的，西方人也想學習這樣的管理方法。故A正確。] 8．D　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句“... women will become more effective managers than men...”可知有些專家認為女性比男性管理更高效。因為女性更有親和力，比男性管理人更

30、容易與別人達成一致的目標。故D正確。] 9．A　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓勵員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神”，也就是說在做出決定的時候不要請示上級經(jīng)理，自己做出決定即可。故A項正確。] 10．C　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“the trend towards downsizing縮小規(guī)模的趨勢”，也就是要減少管理層的數(shù)量，可以直接做出決定而不需要請示上級。故動詞“reduce減少”符合上下文串聯(lián)。] 11．B　[考查短語辨析。動詞be honored with被授予；be left w

31、ith留下，剩下；be crowded with擠滿；be compared with與……相比。通過這種方法，公司只剩下高層管理者和前線的與公眾直接聯(lián)系的一線管理人。省略了很多中央環(huán)節(jié)，提高了管理的效益。故B正確。] 12．B　[考查副詞辨析。副詞economically經(jīng)濟地；traditionally傳統(tǒng)地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶爾地。根據(jù)后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授權管理是一個新型的管理方法，與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故B正確。] 13．D　[考

32、查動詞辨析。動詞deny否認；admit承認；assume假定，設想；ensure保證，確保。授權管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個商業(yè)計劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知D正確。] 14．A　[考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞virtual虛擬的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場的；根據(jù)后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網(wǎng)絡聯(lián)系，說

33、明這是一種新型通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡進行的管理方法。故A正確。] 15．C　[考查名詞辨析。名詞opinion觀點；risk冒險；performance表現(xiàn)；attractiveness魅力。根據(jù)后半句中“in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them”可知我們評價員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品而不是工作的時間。故C項正確。] 【能力提升演練】 A 【語篇導讀】　這是一篇說明文，文章講述了人在感到疲倦時，睡眠便會不分時間、地點與場合地發(fā)生，以及在不同場合和環(huán)境下

34、人們睡覺的狀態(tài)及后果。 1．A　[根據(jù)from work可知選A項。on the way home“在回家途中”。] 2．D　[此處指在回家的車上，所以應為“讀”報紙，故選D項。] 3．C　[讀了幾秒鐘后，他看起來好像要把報紙吃掉一樣。此處是指讀著報紙要睡著了。it appears“看起來”，故選C項。] 4．B　[根據(jù)上一題解析可知，這是打瞌睡的狀態(tài)，看上去似乎要將報紙吃掉一樣，而不是“打開”、“發(fā)現(xiàn)”或者“讀完”，故選B項。] 5．D　[根據(jù)語境可知，睡著了之后頭會靠在旁邊的人的肩膀上，故選D項，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。] 6．C　[此處是在列舉另外一個容易睡覺的場所，是眾多場

35、所中的又一個，another“另一，又一”，符合語境，故選C項。] 7．A　[根據(jù)上題解析可知選A項。go on“繼續(xù)；發(fā)生”；end up“結束”；last“持續(xù)”；return“回來”。] 8．C　[根據(jù)下文可知，教授讓別的同學叫醒他，是因為他打鼾的聲音太響(loudly)了，故選C項。] 9．B　[打鼾說明睡得很深沉，因此需要搖醒(shake)他，故選B項。] 10．C　[更令人尷尬的是，一名學生趴在桌上睡著了，頭的重量使得胳膊滑下桌子……，weight符合語境。] 11．B　[根據(jù)上題可知，胳膊離開了桌子(desk)，故選B項。] 12．C　[胳膊離開了桌子帶動著身體的其他

36、部分滑到地上。故選C項rest，意為“剩下的部分”。] 13．A　[跌到了地上所以醒來，但是對自己為什么會這樣卻沒有一點記憶。故選A項memory“記憶”。] 14．D　[根據(jù)下文的“If the drivers are __17__...”可知，此處指最嚴重的事情是開車時打瞌睡，故選D項。] 15．D　[警察的報道中很多都是由于司機在開車時打瞌睡而將車開出了車道所導致的事故(accidents)。] 16．B　[根據(jù)上題解析可知B項符合語境。go off“離開，偏離”。] 17．A　[第17空后的“they are not seriously hurt”是開車睡覺導致事故中較幸運的

37、(lucky)結果，故選A項。聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處描述的是開車睡覺發(fā)生事故以后的推論，其他選項不符合語境。] 18．D　[下面舉了另一個例子來說明開車睡覺的危險性，故D項正確。in time“及時”；at first“首先”；as usual“像往常一樣”；for example“例如”。] 19．B　[由前一句可知，車開進了河里，當然是在水(water)里醒過來，故選B項。dust“灰塵，塵土”；grass“草地”；bush“灌木叢”。] 20．A　[人在真正感到疲勞時，不論在哪里，沒有什么可以阻止他們睡著。此句與文章首句呼應，故選A項。] B 【語篇導讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章

38、闡述了學習外語并非易事，最好的方式還是傳統(tǒng)的課堂學習模式，在老師的指導下，通過自己的努力，你會不斷地進步，并獲得學習外語的樂趣。 1．C　[根據(jù)空后的“...such as your job or your studies？”可知，此處是指學習英語的實際(practical)原因，故選C項。technical“技術的”；political“政治的”；physical“身體的；物理的”。] 2．D　[聯(lián)系上文中的a practical reason可知，此處是指你學習外語的另一種原因。] 3．A　[根據(jù)此處所表達的并列關系可知，所填詞與后面的films，music一致，故用文學(liter

39、ature)。transport“交通”；agriculture“農(nóng)業(yè)”。] 4．B　[根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指如果你掌握了一門外語，你就會知道它的用途有多大。have a knowledge of意為“掌握”，是固定短語，符合語境。] 5．C　[根據(jù)空后的“...but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people.”可知，此處表示絕大多數(shù)人學習外語會采用不同的方法(methods)。regulation“規(guī)范”。] 6．D　[對許多人來說，既然傳統(tǒng)的課堂是理想的開始，那么，它們當然可以提供(provide)一種學習外語的環(huán)

40、境。protect“保護”，change“改變”，respect“尊重”，均不符合語境。] 7．C　[聯(lián)系之后的“someone who's good at the language”可知，在傳統(tǒng)的課堂上，你是在老師的指導(guidance)下來學習外語的。control“控制”，command“命令”，pressure“壓力”，均不符合語境。] 8．A　[根據(jù)常識可知，我們的生活都很忙碌(busy)。] 9．B　[根據(jù)下文中的“take years”可知，學習外語需要花費時間(time)。courage“勇氣”，energy“精力”和place“地方”均不符合語境。] 10．C　[根

41、據(jù)空前的“if you study regularly”可知，此處強調學習外語要形成一種慣例(routine)。theory“理論”，business“生意”，project“工程，項目”，均不符合語境。] 11．B　[根據(jù)語境可知，要把外語說流利需要花費多年的時間。但如果不要求太高則花費的時間會少很多(a lot less)。] 12．A　[根據(jù)下一句中的“children do learn languages more __13__ than adults”可以推斷出，有些人放棄學習外語的借口是：他們認為自己老了(old)。] 13．B　[根據(jù)常識可知，孩子學習外語比成年人要快(qu

42、ickly)，但是研究表明處在任何年齡(age)，你都可以學習外語。] 14．A　[由上文提到的children 和adults的對比意義可知答案。] 15．A　[聯(lián)系下文中作者的建議可知，很多人擔心(worry)自己會犯錯誤。] 16．D　[根據(jù)語境可知，有些人擔心自己在學習(learning)外語的過程中會犯錯誤。bargain“討價還價”。] 17．B　[根據(jù)“祈使句＋and＋簡單句”的句式結構可知，此處是指：對于你所犯的錯誤要放松并付諸一笑，你很可能會避免再犯同樣的錯誤。] 18．D　[結合下文中but表示的轉折意義可知，此處強調學習外語從來都不是一件容易的(easy)事情。] 19．B　[根據(jù)語境可知，當你用一門外語說了僅僅幾句話，而以這門語言為母語的一些人對你做出積極評價時，你會感到很吃驚(amazed)。] 20．A　[此處指上文提到的some people，也就是以這門語言為母語的人，故用their。] 9