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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 任 務(wù) 書
1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)和要求：
了解和掌握精密虎鉗的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、功能及設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)；研究精密虎鉗的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，掌握其選型、應(yīng)用及設(shè)計(jì)方法等；完成1~2種精密虎鉗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，要求能起到增加機(jī)床/零件自由度的作用，滿足緊密加工的精度要求。
2．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的具體工作內(nèi)容：
1） 分析題目要求，查閱相關(guān)的國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)、設(shè)計(jì)資料、有關(guān)專利文獻(xiàn)等，在此基礎(chǔ)上，了解開(kāi)題報(bào)告的撰寫方法、基本要求，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告；
2） 學(xué)習(xí)和掌握精密虎鉗的有關(guān)知識(shí)，了解精密虎鉗的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、功能特點(diǎn)及設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀；了解精密加工對(duì)虎鉗的要求；總結(jié)精密虎鉗的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)、技術(shù)關(guān)鍵及發(fā)展方向；力爭(zhēng)提出精密虎鉗設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展方向；
3） 按題目要求，設(shè)計(jì)1~2種滿足精密加工的精密虎鉗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，給出技術(shù)參數(shù)的計(jì)算說(shuō)明；
4） 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書；
5） 翻譯本專業(yè)外文科技文獻(xiàn)一份。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 任 務(wù) 書
3．對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)成果的要求：
1）1~2種精密虎鉗的結(jié)構(gòu)圖紙；
2）精密虎鉗的研究及設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書一份；
3）本專業(yè)外文科技文獻(xiàn)譯文一份。
4．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃：
起 迄 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
2016年
02月29日 ~03月21日
03月22日 ~04月30日
05月01日 ~05月20日
05月21日 ~05月31日
06月01日 ~06月05日
分析課題要求，查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，了解精密虎鉗結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)的國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，提出自己的設(shè)計(jì)思路，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告；
全面掌握精密虎鉗的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能等基本知識(shí)，了解精密加工對(duì)精密虎鉗的要求，了解精密虎鉗的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)；分析總結(jié)精密虎鉗的發(fā)展方向；
完成1~2種精密虎鉗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；
完成研究總結(jié)及設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書
撰寫答辯講稿，準(zhǔn)備答辯；
學(xué)生所在系審查意見(jiàn)：
同意下發(fā)任務(wù)書
系主任：
2016年 2 月 29 日
1中北大學(xué)信息商務(wù)學(xué)院外文翻譯精密虎鉗設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)技術(shù)研究學(xué)生姓名：王婕學(xué)號(hào)：12020144X03系名：機(jī)械工程專業(yè)：機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化指導(dǎo)教師：龐學(xué)慧職稱：教授2016 年 6 月 2 號(hào)2附附件：件： 1.1.外文資料翻譯譯文；外文資料翻譯譯文；2.2.外文外文原文。原文。附件附件 1 1：使用內(nèi)部車載電源的汽車千斤頂發(fā)展內(nèi)部車載電源的汽車千斤頂發(fā)展M.M.Noor, K.Kadirgama, M.M.Rahman, M.S.M.Sani, M.R.M.RejabFaculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)TunAbdul Razak Highway, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan PahangPhone: +609-5492223 Fax: +609-5492244.(muhamadump.edu.my/ kumaranump.edu.my)摘要摘要:汽車千斤頂通常用機(jī)械的優(yōu)勢(shì)，讓一個(gè)人通過(guò)手動(dòng)的力量來(lái)提升車輛。更強(qiáng)大的千斤頂使用液壓動(dòng)力提供更大的升力和更大距離。 本文介紹了汽車千斤頂緊急情況下使用的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用內(nèi)部點(diǎn)煙器電源 （12v） 。 自動(dòng)千斤頂利用該電源以節(jié)省不必施加任何人的能量。以增加提升力，以確保有足夠的電，使變速比被使用。汽車千斤頂?shù)拈_(kāi)發(fā)利用的SolidWorks和分析，以檢查安全系數(shù)和力作用。制造工作已經(jīng)由銑削和研磨機(jī)完成。千斤頂將進(jìn)行測(cè)試，預(yù)測(cè)有足夠的力量來(lái)提升和保持汽車作為普通汽車千斤頂。關(guān)鍵詞：關(guān)鍵詞：自動(dòng)汽車千斤頂，點(diǎn)煙器，Solidworks，傳動(dòng)比引言引言汽車千斤頂是用來(lái)提高設(shè)備所有或車輛進(jìn)入的空氣的一部分， 以便于車輛的維護(hù)或故障修理。大多數(shù)人都熟悉的基本汽車千斤頂（手動(dòng)操作） ，它包括作為最新汽車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。 愿意更換輪胎的車主都是從前到后等等或者誰(shuí)可能在春天冬天之前安裝雪地輪胎， 并卸下它們需要使用千斤頂執(zhí)行工作1。卸下漏氣的輪胎是不是一個(gè)非常愉快的經(jīng)歷。現(xiàn)今，各種汽車千斤頂已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了用于從地面抬起汽車。但是，可用千斤頂通常是手動(dòng)操作的，因此需用戶的大幅的體力。例如在特別的惡劣天氣條件下，千斤頂對(duì)老人和殘疾人的使用非常困難2。鑒于這種固有的缺點(diǎn)，商用汽車維修及服務(wù)站通常配備大型高科技汽車升降機(jī)，其中該升降機(jī)是通過(guò)電供電系統(tǒng)升高和降低3。然而，由于其規(guī)模和采購(gòu)成本高，維護(hù)電動(dòng)力車升降機(jī)，這類升降機(jī)一般不提供給車主。這種電供便攜式千斤頂不僅能代替通過(guò)手動(dòng)操作千斤頂起重汽車的艱巨任務(wù)，而且進(jìn)一步降低維修汽車所需的時(shí)間。當(dāng)需要修復(fù)的道路的側(cè)面或其它危險(xiǎn)情況下的汽車4，這樣的功能特別有利。此外，還有報(bào)道關(guān)于汽車千斤頂而導(dǎo)致幾次嚴(yán)重的事故。指定額定托起 1000 公斤，但是由消費(fèi)者事務(wù)進(jìn)行的測(cè)試顯示， 是失敗起重 250 公斤后的工作和可能千斤頂損壞的時(shí)候接近其額定載荷的重量3。試驗(yàn)證明，該千斤頂有低于所承受的準(zhǔn)備重量?jī)A向，并且它不符合澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車輛千斤頂?shù)淖钚⌒阅艿囊?。該項(xiàng)目的目的是開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)容易3操作、安全、能夠輕松提升和下降汽車并不涉及太多體力的汽車千斤頂。發(fā)展發(fā)展圖 1 示出的自動(dòng)汽車千斤頂設(shè)計(jì)：1.原來(lái)剪式千斤頂2.螺桿軸3.電動(dòng)車窗電機(jī)4.小齒輪5.齒輪6.框架支架7.固定支架此外，圖 2 是自動(dòng)汽車千斤頂?shù)膶?shí)際原型。按圖形中全部要求，然后轉(zhuǎn)換到真正的原型。它還包括一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)按鈕的系統(tǒng)，以提高和降低千斤頂總負(fù)載。圖 1，顯示從垃圾場(chǎng)收集到的剪式千斤頂，它仍然可以使用。在市場(chǎng)中，剪式千斤頂是在現(xiàn)有最佳的千斤頂。據(jù)法哈德，氣動(dòng)和液壓千斤頂是不安全的，因?yàn)橥ǔ６夹枰S護(hù)和有泄露6。它是在剪式千斤頂基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的。螺桿軸，可旋轉(zhuǎn)并抬高頭部裝來(lái)上下。螺桿軸是非常重要的，因?yàn)樵谶@種設(shè)計(jì)需要一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)能夠承受的負(fù)載，并鎖定該千斤頂?shù)耐蛊鸪潭?。螺桿將機(jī)制調(diào)整并保持高度的水平。電機(jī)來(lái)自從垃圾場(chǎng)，它是從二手車電動(dòng)馬達(dá)卸下的。從制造商和計(jì)算值的扭矩，它提供 5.877N.m 扭矩是足夠高的，適合項(xiàng)目7。也有小齒輪和大齒輪，這是在主傳動(dòng)裝置系統(tǒng)，如圖 3 所示。這是傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，增加了扭矩 17.631N.m8。此外，該幀是用于電動(dòng)電機(jī)支架。最后，穩(wěn)定架是支持電動(dòng)機(jī)的重量，并以穩(wěn)定的剪式千斤頂。這也是很好的平坦表面當(dāng)頂起汽車的時(shí)候9。4圖 1. 來(lái)自 Solidwork 設(shè)計(jì)圖 2. 發(fā)展原型圖 3. 齒輪系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部件機(jī)械部件該機(jī)構(gòu)升降系統(tǒng)被應(yīng)用在剪式千斤頂。剪式千斤頂?shù)木唧w描述是，它可以承受 850公斤的最大負(fù)荷的是然后切割塊焊接在剪式千斤頂?shù)亩瞬亢团c其他部分焊接在一起， 如圖所示。該焊機(jī)，涉及的是 MIG 機(jī)（金屬惰性氣體） 。7 是該穩(wěn)定基礎(chǔ)，從 L 鐵棒制成8。每個(gè)鐵條的長(zhǎng)度為 30cm，然后被旋入并焊接在剪式千斤頂?shù)牡鬃稀＿@是為了增加與表面積的穩(wěn)定，剪式千斤頂將增加穩(wěn)定性5。此外，折彎?rùn)C(jī)也可用于彎曲齒輪系統(tǒng)的表面，彎曲鋸機(jī)是用來(lái)切割原料的齒輪。如圖 4 所示制造齒輪。最好的， 因此為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最好的測(cè)試車是一個(gè)叫做PERODUA靈鹿 （682千克） 10。5該測(cè)試在報(bào)告中將加以詳細(xì)的解釋。3 號(hào)是原來(lái)的齒輪需要被丟棄，因?yàn)?4 號(hào)，小齒輪和5 號(hào)，大齒輪采用金屬絲電火花切割機(jī)制造。所有規(guī)格的齒輪，根據(jù)需要對(duì)所施加的轉(zhuǎn)矩的規(guī)格系統(tǒng)11來(lái)提供。該齒輪系統(tǒng)是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)樗怯呻姍C(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的升降機(jī)構(gòu)。來(lái)自電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩將被供給到所述小齒輪，然后傳送到大齒輪，它旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，螺桿軸順時(shí)針或逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。通過(guò)使用 EDM 線切割機(jī)， 操作者需要插入已經(jīng)繪制的圖形， 然后再編程序到機(jī)器中，所以它會(huì)工作。然后 4 號(hào)小齒輪被制造，它被插入到電動(dòng)電機(jī)的槽再焊接。6 號(hào)框架是組成設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，以固定馬達(dá)。它是使用 3 毫米低碳金屬制成，然后根據(jù)維度5，用切割成小塊。圖 4. 齒輪制造根據(jù)圖 5，開(kāi)關(guān)為剪式千斤頂進(jìn)行升降，是由 2 個(gè) ON / OFF 開(kāi)關(guān)按鍵控制的。該開(kāi)關(guān)電路是為了使電機(jī)啟動(dòng)，而無(wú)需改變終端正和負(fù)、順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)和逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)使用該千斤頂時(shí)， 每一次都需要改變終端，因此，通過(guò)使用這個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)，它更靈活，更容易為用戶。該交換機(jī)還包含 2 個(gè)繼電器將動(dòng)作，當(dāng)升降按鈕按下，會(huì)驅(qū)動(dòng)其中一個(gè)繼電器，它會(huì)旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)到某個(gè)期望的水平。最重要的部分是，當(dāng)按鈕被釋放，將直接停止。讓我們說(shuō)，如果按下紅色按鈕，然后它會(huì)啟動(dòng)繼電器 1 線圈，然后它會(huì)切換開(kāi)關(guān)，然后電源流入電機(jī)和第二個(gè)繼電器，將直接進(jìn)入到負(fù)極，電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)順時(shí)針。反之亦然，如果按下黑色按鈕11。6圖 5：開(kāi)關(guān)電路結(jié)論結(jié)論考慮到在市場(chǎng)上所有可用的千斤頂， 這個(gè)原型可以通過(guò)在功能和設(shè)計(jì)上進(jìn)行一些修改得到改善。目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)安全、可靠、并能升高和降低的水平、開(kāi)發(fā)出由內(nèi)部車載電源供電、自動(dòng)化與按鈕系統(tǒng)汽車千斤頂。雖然這款千斤頂只是基于 PERODUA 靈鹿基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)的，但通過(guò)使用更高的扭矩也能夠舉起更大的負(fù)載，Proton Wira和 Proton Iswara汽車。7致謝致謝 由 University Malaysia Pahang (UMP)提供資金支持，同時(shí)非常感謝大四學(xué)生8參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)1.American Lift Institute,ALI brochureAutomotive Lift - Purchase Considerations. July2004.2.Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Department of Health and ageingSafetyAlert working under a vehicle. Brochure 2007.3.Boston Jacks Corporation, jacking beams Manufacturer ISO 9002 (BS5750) 500 GaleStreet Dagenham Essex RM94NU.Tel: +44 (0)20 8593 7514 Fax: +44 (0)20 8595 2923,www.boston-4.Edward M.Lonon , East Orange, N.J,US.Motorized Jack. United States Patent. Patentnumber: 5085407. Date of Patent: Feb 4, 1992.Farhad Razzaghi, Douglasville, GA,US. Apparatus and Method for an Electric Jack. United States Patent. Patent number:US2007/0256526 A1.Date ofpatent: Nov 8,20075.Farhad Razzaghi,Douglasville,GA, US. Apparatus and Method for an Electric Jack.United States Patent. Patent number: US2007/0256526 A1.Date of patent: Nov 8,20076.Hon Jennifer Rankine, Minister for Consumer Affairs, Government of South Australia.News release: Vehicle jack that cant stand the strainTuesday 31st July 20077.Jay Heizer and Barry Render, Operations Management, Sixth Edition: PearsonInternational Edition. 2006.8.Joseph E.Shigley, 7th edition, Mechanical engineering Design, 20049.Kalpakjian S. and Schmid S.R Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Fourth Edition:Prentice Hall International, 2001.10.Mackubin Thomas Owens. The Washington Times: USMAreport on the Integration andPerformance of Women at West Point. Oct10,1998.11.Pat L. Mangonon ,The Principles of materials selection for engineering design, Design,selection, and failure of materials, pg 432, 1999.12.Pat L. Mangonon, The Principles of materials selection for engineering design, Design,selection, and failure of materials, pg 433-436, 1999.13.Steve Levenstein, US. Railcar jack AssemblyUS Patent Issued on September 11, 1993,Patent number: 5876018.14.William H. Crouse and Donald L. Anglin, Automotive Mechanics 10thedition, 199315.Yangchou Liu, Taipei, Taiwan. Manually operated car jackUnited States Patent. Patentnumber: 5603486.Date of Patent: Feb 18, 1997.9一種新型液壓千斤頂?shù)难芯恳环N新型液壓千斤頂?shù)难芯緼iwu HU,Zhihong FU,Xuangzhe HU1 College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering,Center SouthUniversity,Changsha,410083,China2Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,412008,ChinaE-mail:摘要摘要：傳統(tǒng)千斤頂?shù)闹饕秉c(diǎn)是速度低夾緊力大或者是速度高夾緊力小。本文將介紹一種新型液壓千斤頂。在這種千斤頂中，第一時(shí)間做出大小油缸和大小楔塊。大小油缸可以同時(shí)工作并返回原點(diǎn)，所以可以根據(jù)載荷大小自動(dòng)地改變速度，且容易操作。這種新型液壓千斤頂?shù)墓ぷ髟砜梢詰?yīng)用到其它方面，例如，臺(tái)虎鉗有幾種不同的功能。關(guān)鍵詞：關(guān)鍵詞：液壓千斤頂；力；速度1.1. 引言引言傳統(tǒng)的液壓千斤頂在工作行程和工作回程具有相同的速度。 千斤頂承受的載荷越大速度越低，反之，速度越快其所承受的載荷越小。大多數(shù)千斤頂無(wú)法區(qū)分無(wú)載荷或者重載荷的情況，所以對(duì)于液壓千斤頂，如果承受載荷大，其速度將變慢，反之，如果速度快，其所承受的載荷就小。于千斤頂從原始位置移動(dòng)到工作位置需要相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，所以，傳統(tǒng)液壓千斤頂?shù)墓ぷ餍氏喈?dāng)?shù)停速M(fèi)能源，浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且工作范圍狹隘。因此，傳統(tǒng)千斤頂在速度與載荷之間存在沖突。為了解決這種沖突， 許多人做了很多關(guān)于新型千斤頂?shù)难芯浚?而且研制出了許多新型千斤頂。 典型機(jī)械千斤頂具有快慢速螺旋傳動(dòng)裝置的特點(diǎn)， 其可以通過(guò)齒輪嚙合或者分離螺母和螺栓來(lái)提供雙倍速度。 典型液壓千斤頂特點(diǎn)是為一種千斤頂和多速千斤頂提供多速調(diào)整方法， 通過(guò)在進(jìn)油缸和出油缸之間提供幾種液壓油路來(lái)改變速度。 該原理能夠保證一個(gè)千斤頂具有幾種速度，其可以根據(jù)負(fù)載的大小自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，并且具有相對(duì)高的工作效率。但是實(shí)際上使用并沒(méi)有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果， 原因是存在太多的油泵， 和極大增加阻力的油缸。為了解決傳統(tǒng)手動(dòng)千斤頂在載荷和速度之間的沖突， 我們發(fā)明了一種新型手動(dòng)液壓千斤頂，其專利為液壓交換裝置。2.2. 設(shè)計(jì)新型液壓千斤頂設(shè)計(jì)新型液壓千斤頂2.12.1 新型液壓千斤頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)理念新型液壓千斤頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)理念為了達(dá)到輕便、功能強(qiáng)大、多速和可靠的目的，我們既不使用傳統(tǒng)千斤頂只有一個(gè)油缸和一個(gè)油泵的設(shè)計(jì)理念，也不參考在進(jìn)油缸和出油缸之間有幾種液壓調(diào)速的設(shè)計(jì)理念。10進(jìn)過(guò)調(diào)查， 我們決定采用一個(gè)大油泵、 一個(gè)小油泵、 一個(gè)小油缸和一個(gè)大油缸的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在大小油泵系統(tǒng)和大小油缸系統(tǒng)有優(yōu)勢(shì)。 下面為主要思路描述： 增加一個(gè)受約束的大油泵和小油泵， 即在油缸進(jìn)油路連接一個(gè)輕載荷油路； 增加一個(gè)受約束的小油泵和大油泵，順序閥代替溢流閥。因此，我們可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)手柄上的的力和速度，使無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速在一個(gè)小范圍內(nèi)， 同時(shí)我們也可以通過(guò)切換控制閥和匹配大小油缸的方法在大范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速。2.22.2 液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖設(shè)計(jì)液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于大量的研究和改進(jìn)， 我們制定了新型液壓千斤頂?shù)囊簤涸硐到y(tǒng)圖， 如同 1 所示。在新型千斤頂中，有控制手柄 1 和 9，小油泵 2，單向閥 3、7、10，小油缸 4，大油缸 5，順序閥 6，大油泵 8 和進(jìn)油管道和回油管線等。圖 1 還顯示出，大油缸 8 的單向閥 7 也是小油缸進(jìn)油輸入路線，小油缸 2 的單向閥 3也是缸體 4 進(jìn)油線路，大油缸 5 也是郵箱。因此，我們通過(guò)連接所有管道制成雙油泵雙油缸系統(tǒng)。大油泵吸油與油缸排油同步。當(dāng)千斤頂需要回到原來(lái)的位置，油缸停止工作，同時(shí)工件的重力和活塞迫使油缸開(kāi)始放油， 排出的油通過(guò)雙向閥返回到油泵中。 這個(gè)過(guò)程稱為油泵的吸排油。圖 1 新型液壓千斤頂液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖通過(guò)移動(dòng)手柄，在大油泵的油被排到油缸，向上推動(dòng)，這個(gè)過(guò)程稱為大油泵排油。2.32.3 千斤頂速度分析千斤頂速度分析我們可以根據(jù)負(fù)載的大小分析這種新型千斤頂?shù)乃俣取Ｔ跓o(wú)負(fù)載情況下的速度：在這種情況下，順序閥關(guān)閉，大油泵推動(dòng)油液到小油缸，小11油缸推動(dòng)大油缸的活塞，其以最高速度到達(dá)工件。在小負(fù)載情況下的速度： 在活塞接觸工件后， 順序閥微微打開(kāi)， 小油泵推小油缸向上，同時(shí)大油泵推動(dòng)油缸向上，因此千斤頂承受的載荷小。在中等負(fù)載情況下的速度：在這個(gè)情況下，順序閥部分打開(kāi)，更多的油進(jìn)入大油缸，推桿上的力也開(kāi)始增大，千斤頂上的力強(qiáng)制使油泵停止工作，脫扣器推遲動(dòng)作，因此手柄僅驅(qū)動(dòng)小油泵，小油泵推高，壓力油進(jìn)入小油缸，迫使活塞以中等速度移動(dòng)。在重載情況下的速度：在這種情況下，順序閥完全打開(kāi)，小油泵泵入高壓油，其直接進(jìn)入大油缸和小油缸，活塞以最低速度中載荷移動(dòng)。3.3. 結(jié)構(gòu)圖例結(jié)構(gòu)圖例這種新型千斤頂結(jié)構(gòu)圖例如圖 2 所示，其外觀如圖 3 所示。圖 2 顯示，大油泵與基座14 和郵箱的蓋 8 復(fù)合，大油缸與缸體 15 和大活塞 5 復(fù)合， 小油缸與被置于在基座中間和小活塞 4-1 之間的管道 4 復(fù)合，腳踏叉 9 附連到大油泵，控制手柄 1 安裝到小油泵，基座 14 和頂梁 13 與導(dǎo)柱 11 連接，可移動(dòng)臂 12 能通過(guò)導(dǎo)柱 11 在大小油缸間移動(dòng)。在無(wú)載荷情況下，可以踏動(dòng)腳踏叉 9,大油泵將泵入液壓油到泄油閥 10、3、7 中，然后油液進(jìn)入大小油缸，以高速瞬間推動(dòng)活塞到達(dá)工件處。在輕載荷情況下，可以踏動(dòng)腳踏叉 9，大油泵將以更高的壓力泵入油液，部分油液通過(guò)排油閥 10 進(jìn)入大油泵，驅(qū)動(dòng)大油缸，與此同時(shí)，其它油液通過(guò)排油閥 7 進(jìn)入小油泵 2，所以小油泵中的油液比大油泵中油液的有更高的壓力， 這些油液通過(guò)推動(dòng)梁快速起來(lái)的排油閥 3 驅(qū)動(dòng)大小油缸。 在重載情況下，大油泵中的油液壓力升高，然后油液進(jìn)入小油泵，油液的壓力通過(guò)小油泵再次升高，然后油液進(jìn)入大小油缸，大小油缸一起推動(dòng)工件，其承載能力是大小油缸的總和。當(dāng)油缸要返回時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)順序閥 6-3 的手柄來(lái)松開(kāi)順序閥 6-1 和回油閥 6-2，提高腳踏叉 9 來(lái)確保大油泵完全打開(kāi)順序閥的兩個(gè)孔，工件和活塞的重力驅(qū)動(dòng)大小油缸回到原來(lái)位置。圖 3 樣品千斤頂外觀12這種新型液壓千斤頂已經(jīng)解決了結(jié)構(gòu)和操作的問(wèn)題， 其創(chuàng)新如下： (1)內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生液壓聯(lián)動(dòng)：大油泵輸油管線與大小油缸的回油管線直接連接， 順序閥不僅僅是大油缸和大油泵的進(jìn)油閥，也是小油缸和大油缸的回油閥，卸油管道也是進(jìn)油管道，大油泵的排油閥也是小油泵的進(jìn)油閥，也就是說(shuō)閥有多種功能。 （2）它使大小油泵和大小油缸的變速系統(tǒng)高度集成。（3）封閉循環(huán)是相當(dāng)?shù)母咝Ш涂煽浚河鸵哼M(jìn)入油缸沒(méi)有任何其它中間部分，所以這種千斤頂摩擦阻力小、很少的能量損失和靈活的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 （4）該結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單：系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)潔、管線短、損耗小和零件數(shù)目少。我們已將傳統(tǒng)千斤頂與我們的樣品千斤頂相比較。新型千斤頂和傳統(tǒng)千斤頂都具有12000 公斤的起重能力。 假設(shè)千斤頂手柄在工作行程中的移動(dòng)速度是 0.5m/s， 傳統(tǒng)千斤頂具有大約 5mm/s 的速度。 但是這種新型樣品千斤頂?shù)乃俣饶軌蛟?1.054260mm/s 間改變。在回程過(guò)程中，僅僅需要轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)順序閥的手柄，該千斤頂能以高速返回到原來(lái)的位置，但是對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)千斤頂，只有推動(dòng)油缸的活塞才能回到原來(lái)的位置。結(jié)束語(yǔ)結(jié)束語(yǔ)這種新型手動(dòng)多速千斤頂最初使用封閉循環(huán)系統(tǒng)， 其有一內(nèi)部過(guò)程液壓聯(lián)動(dòng)和使用大油泵作為油箱， 它可以通過(guò)順序閥導(dǎo)向自返回油液而自動(dòng)改變速度。 這種速度幾乎沒(méi)有壓力損失、機(jī)械損失、機(jī)械損失、容積效率損失和能量損失。這種新型千斤頂巧妙的解決速度和力的問(wèn)題，其設(shè)計(jì)理論也用于其它類型的手工工具，比如虎鉗等。參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)1AIWU.HU.Research and development new type of manual instrument based oncoordination with strength and speed. Master Thesis.Central South University，Changsha，Hunan,2007.2AIWU HU,AILUN WANG.The innovation design for clamp according to unification offorce and speed.Development & innovation of machinery and electrical production.2006，Number2;21-22.26.3 CHAOLAI FAN.Ascrew driving setup having a rapid and slow speed. China Patent，CN1094348,1994.4 QUN FAN. Multi-speed adjustment methods for a type of jack and a multi-speed jack.ChinaPatent, CN1408635,2001.5 XUANZHE HU. Transaction device of hydraulic pressure.China Patent,CN2309453,1999.13附件附件 2 2：外文原文：外文原文Malaysian Science and Technology Congress,MSTC08, 1617 Dec, KLCC, Malaysia, 2008.Development ofAuto Car Jack Using Internal Car PowerM.M.Noor, K.Kadirgama, M.M.Rahman, M.S.M.Sani, M.R.M.RejabFaculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)TunAbdul Razak Highway, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan PahangPhone: +609-5492223 Fax: +609-5492244.(muhamadump.edu.my/ kumaranump.edu.my)AbstractCar jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle bymanual force. More powerful jacks are using hydraulic power to provide more lift over greaterdistances. This paper presents the development of the car jack for emergency use with usinginternal cigarette lighter power (12volts). The automatic easy car-jack utilizes this power sourceto save individuals having to exert any energy. To increase the lifting power in order to ensurethe power is adequate, gear ratio was used. The car jacker was developed utilizing theSolidworks and its analyses to check the safetyfactor and force acting. The fabrication workhas been done with milling and grinding machine. The car jacker will be tested and it predictedto have enough power to lift and holding the car as normal car jacker.Keywords: Automatic car jack, cigarette lighter, Solidworks, gear ratioINTRODUCTIONAn automotive jack is a device used to raise all or part of a vehicle into the air in order tofacilitate vehicle maintenances or breakdown repairs. Most people are familiar with thebasic car jack (manually operated) and its included as standard equipment for most of the newcars. Vehicle owners who would like to rotate their tires themselves either front toback and so forth or who may install snow tires before the winter and remove them in the springneed to use a jack to perform the job 1. Changing a flat tire is not a very pleasantexperience. Nowadays, a variety of car jacks have been developed for lifting an automobilefrom a ground surface.Available car jacks, however, are typically manually operated andtherefore require substantial laborious physical effort on the part of the user. Such jacks present14difficulties for the elderly and handicapped and are especially disadvantageous under badweather conditions 2. In light of such inherent disadvantages, commercial automobile repairand service stations are commonly equipped with large and hi-tech car lift, wherein such liftsare raised and lowered via electrically-powered systems 3. However, due to their size and highcosts of purchasing and maintaining electrically-powered car lifts, such lifts are not available tothe average car owner. Such electrical-powered portable jacks not only remove the arduous taskof lifting an automobile via manually-operated jacks, but further decrease the time needed torepair the automobile. Such a feature can be especially advantageous when it is necessary torepair an automobile on the side of a roadway or under other hazardous conditions 4.There also reports on car jacks which lead to a serious number of accidents.Aspecified jackpurposed to hold up to 1000 kilograms, but tests undertaken by Consumer Affairs hasrevealed that is fails to work after lifting 250 kilograms and may physically break when ithas a weight close to its 1000 kilograms capacity 3. Tests have proven that the jack has thepropensity to buckle well under the weight it is promoted to withstand, and it doesnt meet theminimum or performance requirements of the Australian Standard for vehicle jacks 5. Thepurpose of this project is to develop a car jack which is easy to be operated, safe and able liftand lowering the car without involving much physical effort.THE DEVELOPMENTFigure 1 shows the design of automatic car jacker where:1.Original Scissor jack2.Screw shaft3.Power window motor4.Pinion5.Gear6.Frame holder7.Stabilizer baseFurthermore, Figure 2 is the actual prototype of the automatic car jack. The entire requirementfrom the drawing is then transform onto the real prototype. It also included a switch buttonssystem to raise and lowering the jack (Head load). Figure 1, shows the used scissor jack whichhas been collected from the junk yard and it still can be used. The scissor jack is the best jacks15available in the market.According to Farhad, the pneumatic and hydraulic jack is not safebecause usually need maintenance and sometime leaked 6. The development will be base onthis scissor jack. The screw shaft which can be rotated and raise the head load up and down.The screw shaft is very important because in this design will need a system which canwithstand the load and lock the raised level of the jack. The screw will be the mechanism toadjust and hold the height level. The motor is from the junk yard and it is from used car powerwindow motor. From the manufacturer and calculated value for the torque, it supplied5.877N.mtorque which is high enough and suitable for the project 7. There is also the pinion (small) andthe gear (large) which is the main gearing system as shown in figure 3. This is the gearingsystem which increased the torque to 17.631N.m 8. Furthermore, the frame is the holder forthe power window motor. Lastly, the stabilizer base is to support the weight of the motor andto stabilize the scissor jack. It is also good for flat surface when jacking the car 9.Figure 1. Design from SolidworkFigure 2.Developed prototype16Figure 3. Gearing systemMECHANICAL PARTSThe mechanism lifting system was applied on the scissor jack. The scissor jack specificdescription is it can withstand the maximum load of 850kg which is the best because thetest car for this project is a PERODUAKancil (682kg) 10.The test will be detailed explainedin the result.No.3 is the motor which the original gear needed to be discarded because no. 4,pinion and no. 5, gear are manufactured using wire EDM cutting machine. All the specificationof the gears according to the torque needed to be applied on the system 11. The gearingsystem is the crucial thing as it is the lifting mechanism powered from the motor.The torquefrom the motor will be supplied to the pinion and then transmit to the gear and it rotated thescrew shaft clockwise or counter- clockwise.By using the wire EDM cutting machine, the operator needed to insert the drawing that hasbeen made and then program the machine so it will work.After the no.4 pinion is fabricated,it is inserted into the slot of the power window motor and welded. The no.6 frame is fabricatedbase on the design to hold the motor. It is fabricated using 3mm low carbon metal and then cutusing grinder into small pieces according the dimensions 5. The cut pieces are then welded onthe end of the scissor jack and welded together with other pieces as the picture shown.The welding machine that involved is MIG machine (Metal Inert Gas).No 7 is the stabilizerbase which is made from the L iron bar 8. The length of each iron bar is 30cm and then isscrewed and welded on the base of the scissor jack. This is to stabilize the scissor jack withincreasing of the surface area will increase the stability 5. Moreover, bending machine is also17used to bend the cover for the gearing system and bend saw machine is used to cut the rawmaterial for the gear. Fabricated gear shown in Figure 4.Figure 4. Fabricated gearBase on Figure 5, switch for the scissor jack to be lifted and lowered are controlled by a 2buttons switch with ON/OFF.This switch circuit is to make the motor enabled to rotateclockwise and counter-clockwise without changing the terminal positive and negative. Itis time consumable to change the terminal every time when using this jack, so by usingthis switch, it is more flexible and easier for the user. The switch also contains 2 relayswhich will act when a lifting button is press it will actuate one of the relay and it will rotatethe motor to the desire level. The most important part is that when the button is release it willstop directly. Let say if the red button is pressed, then it will actuated the coil in relay 1 and thenit will change over the switch and supply will flow to the motor and to the second relay whichwill go directly to negative terminal and the motor will rotate clock-wise. Vice versa, if theblack button is pressed 11Figure 5: Switch circuitCONSLUSIONS18Considering all available car jacks in the market, this prototype can be improved by a fewmodifications on the features and design. The objectives are to design a car jack that is safe,reliable and able to raise and lower the level, to develop a car jack that is powered by internalcar power and automated with buttons system. Although this car jack was design only onPERODUAKancil, by using higher torque it is able to lift more loads such as Proton Wiraand Proton Iswara car.Acknowledgments The financial support by University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and finalyear student Amir Iskandar Bin Ariffin is grateful acknowledged.REFERENCES1.American Lift Institute,ALI brochureAutomotive Lift - PurchaseConsiderations. July 2004.2.Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Department of Health andageingSafetyAlert working under a vehicle. Brochure 2007.3.Boston Jacks Corporation, jacking beams Manufacturer ISO 9002 (BS5750) 500 GaleStreet Dagenham Essex RM9 4NU.Tel: +44 (0)20 8593 7514 Fax: +44 (0)20 8595 2923,www.boston- (Oct 2008).4.Edward M.Lonon, East Orange,N.J,US Motorized Jack. United States Patent. Patentnumber: 5085407.Date of Patent: Feb 4, 1992.5.Farhad Razzaghi, Douglasville, GA, US. Apparatus and Method for an ElectricJack. United States Patent. Patent number: US2007/0256526A1.Date of patent: Nov8,20076.Hon Jennifer Rankine, Minister for Consumer Affairs, Government of SouthAustralia.News release: Vehicle jack that cant stand the strainTuesday 31stJuly 20077.Jay Heizer and Barry Render, Operations Management, Sixth Edition: PearsonInternational Edition. 2006.8.Joseph E.Shigley, 7th edition, Mechanical engineering Design, 20049.Kalpakjian S. and Schmid S.R Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. Fourth Edition:Prentice Hall International, 2001.10. Mackubin Thomas Owens. The Washington Times: USMA report on the Integration andPerformance of Women at West Point. Oct 10, 1998.11. Pat L. Mangonon ,The Principles of materials selection for engineering19design, Design, selection, and failure of materials, pg 432, 1999.12. Pat L. Mangonon, The Principles of materials selection for engineering design, Design,selection, and failure of materials, pg 433-436, 1999.13. Steve Levenstein, US. Railcar jack AssemblyUS Patent Issued on September 11, 1993,Patent number: 5876018.14. William H. Crouse and Donald L. Anglin, Automotive Mechanics 10thedition, 199315. Yangchou Liu, Taipei, Taiwan.Manually operated car jackUnited States Patent. Patentnumber: 5603486.Date of Patent: Feb 18, 1997.20ResearchResearch ofof A A NewNew TypeType ofof HydraulicHydraulic JackJackAiwu HU,Zhihong FU,Xuangzhe HU1 College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering,Center SouthUniversity,Changsha,410083,China2Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,412008,ChinaE-mail:Abstract： The main disadvantage of traditional manual hydraulic jack is that it has a slow speedwith a big clamping force or a rapid speed with a small clamping force A new type of hydraulicjack is introduced in this
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