2012年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件：第21講 Unit 1 Great scientists（新課標(biāo)人教版必修5）

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2012年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件：第21講 Unit 1 Great scientists（新課標(biāo)人教版必修5）,第21講 Unit 1 Great scientists,第21講 │ 美文佳句,誦美文 請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇120詞左右的短文，介紹偉大的發(fā)明家——愛(ài)迪生。要求根據(jù)所給信息作適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，且需包括以下三部分內(nèi)容： 1．對(duì)該人物的簡(jiǎn)單介紹； 2．喜歡該人物的理由； 3．從該人物身上得到的啟示。,Thomas Edison Inventor； Creative；diligent； Full of wisdom “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”,第21講 │ 美文佳句,Thomas Edison Born in America，Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth educating. Later, however, he turned out to be a man full of imagination. I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1,000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to have the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And this explained why he had so many great inventions.,第21講 │ 美文佳句,What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hard-working teammate. From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.,第21講 │ 美文佳句,背佳句 1．He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth educating. 他曾被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)不值得教育的孩子。 [賞析] 該句包含了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其中主句中使用了think sb. to be的被動(dòng)式，從句中使用了“be worth doing”結(jié)構(gòu)。,第21講 │ 美文佳句,2．In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to have the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. 在他的一生中，他總是渴望搞清楚事物的原理，這使得他擁有綽號(hào)“the Wizard of Melo Park”。 [賞析] 該句中包含了一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。其中主句中又包含了how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作know的賓語(yǔ)。,第21講 │ 美文佳句,3．From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life. 從他身上，我認(rèn)識(shí)到成功的秘訣不在于你是在何時(shí)何地出生的，而在于生活中你在做什么以及是怎樣做的。 [賞析] 主句為I realize，賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句中用not…but，以及and等成分連接了三個(gè)名詞性從句。,第21講 │ 美文佳句,Ⅰ. 單詞拼寫(xiě) 1． From these observations we c_________ that the moon has little or no atmosphere. 2． He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people e___________to cholera. 3． I hope the doctor can c_____the pain in my shoulder. 4．The school was a_______almost entirely by local children. 5．Nowadays no one will c_________ the fact that the earth is round.,第21講 │課前熱身,onclude,xposed,ttended,ure,hallenge,6．In many countries，political ________(嫌疑犯) are kept under police observation in the country. 7．She got up and s_______ a little turn. 8．The supermarket r________ all spotted apples. 9．Honesty and hard work c_________ to success and happiness. 10．The river has been p__________ by waste products from the factory.,第21講 │ 課前熱身,suspects,pun,ejected,ontribute,olluted,Ⅱ.完成短語(yǔ) 1．通向；導(dǎo)致 2．有意義 3．將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái) 4．提出 5．除……之外；此外 6．得出結(jié)論 7．對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格 8．暴露；使暴露,,,第21講 │ 課前熱身,lead to make sense link… to … put forward apart from draw a conclusion (be) strict with … expose …to,Ⅲ. 完成句子 1． 他們認(rèn)為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節(jié)目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。 They consider it almost a crime __________________ ___________and sex on TV. 2． 這段不知所云的文章讀起來(lái)很費(fèi)勁。 The paragraph which doesn't ____________is hard to read.,第21講 │ 課前熱身,to expose children to violence,make sense,3． 有了這個(gè)證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染的水?dāng)y帶病毒。 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to _______________________that polluted water carried the disease. 4． 除了幾個(gè)單詞外，我對(duì)法語(yǔ)一無(wú)所知。 ____________a few words，I do not know any French at all. 5． 湯姆一向?qū)⒆雍車(chē)?yán)格。 Tom is always ________________his children.,第21講 │ 課前熱身,strict with,announce with certainty,Apart from,,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,conclude vt.&vi. (to infer on the basis of convincing evidence) 推斷出；(to finish or be over)結(jié)束；締結(jié) conclude sth (from sth) (從某事)推斷出某事 conclude…with/by doing… 以(做)……結(jié)束 conclusion n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束 come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 in conclusion 最后，總之,1,【活學(xué)活用】 (1) 會(huì)議于十點(diǎn)鐘在《國(guó)際歌》中結(jié)束。 The meeting ____________________________at ten o'clock. (2) 他們從這些事實(shí)中得出了不同的結(jié)論。 They ________________________________the facts. (3) 你從這些觀察中能得出什么結(jié)論？ ________________________from these observations?,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,concluded with The International,drew different conclusions from,What can you conclude,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,attend vt.(take care of, look after)照顧；( to be present at)出席；(to accompany or wait upon as a servant)護(hù)理；(go to…)上(學(xué)等) attend a lecture/movie/meeting 聽(tīng)演講/看電影/參加會(huì)議 attend on/upon sb 伺候某人；照顧某人 attend to 處理；注意傾聽(tīng)；專(zhuān)心于 attend school/classes 上課 attend church 做禮拜 attendant n. 服務(wù)員；使者,2,【活學(xué)活用】 翻譯句子，注意attend的用法 (1) Only seven people attended the meeting. ____________________________________。 (2) 我也許會(huì)遲到，我有一兩件事要處理。 ______________________________________________. (3) 所有6—16歲的孩子必須上學(xué)。 _________________________________________________. (4) She didn't attend to what I was saying. ______________________________________________。,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,只有7個(gè)人參加了會(huì)議,I may be late—I have got one or two things to attend to,All children between the ages of 6－16 must attend school,她并不注意聽(tīng)我所說(shuō)的話,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,【活學(xué)活用】 (1) 你不應(yīng)該讓士兵們冒不必要的危險(xiǎn)。 You ___________________________to unnecessary risks. (2) 不要把膠片曝光。 _____________________________light.,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,shouldn't expose the soldiers,Don't expose the film to,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,【活學(xué)活用】 (1) 她想盡一切辦法試圖改掉她孩子的這個(gè)惡習(xí)。 She tried every means____________________________. (2) 治療感冒尚無(wú)良方。 There's no known____________________.,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,to cure her child of the bad habit,cure for a cold,blame vt.(to place responsibility for)責(zé)備；譴責(zé) n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備 be to blame (for…) (在……上)應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任 blame sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人 blame sb for sth/doing sth 因……而責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事 take the blame for… 承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任 put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人 【溫馨提示】 be to blame沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，因此要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,5,【活學(xué)活用】 用blame相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 (1) The teacher __________________________________(因?qū)W生犯了錯(cuò)誤而責(zé)怪他們)． (2) 我準(zhǔn)備承擔(dān)這一錯(cuò)誤的責(zé)任。 I am ready_______________________________________. (3) 許多孩子害怕講英語(yǔ)時(shí)因犯錯(cuò)誤而受到懲罰。 Many children are afraid ______________________ __________________in speaking English. (4) 不要總把失敗歸咎于他人，有時(shí)候該怪你自己。 Don't always____________________________. Sometimes you yourself________________.,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,blamed his students for making mistakes,to take the blame for the mistake,of being blamed for making mistakes,blame your own failure on others,are to blame,announce vt. (to make sth known publicly)通告，宣告 announcement n． 通告；宣告；通知 announcer n. 廣播員，播音員 make an announcement 宣布 【易混辨析】 announce，declare announce側(cè)重于“通知，宣布(結(jié)果、決定等)”；declare的意思是“宣布(公告、法律等)，聲明”，一般指在正式場(chǎng)合宣布官方的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度。 用announce或declare的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 (1) She __________that the singer would give one extra song. (2) The new Congress ________a state of war with Germany.,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,6,announced,declared,【溫馨提示】 announce后不能跟雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，如果要表達(dá)“向某人宣布某事”應(yīng)該這樣表達(dá)：announce sth to sb，不能用announce sb結(jié)構(gòu)。除了announce外，類(lèi)似的詞還有say, explain, mention等。,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,contribute vi. 貢獻(xiàn)；(to submit for publication) 投稿； 捐獻(xiàn)/助，有助于 contribution n． 貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng) contribute…to… 向……捐獻(xiàn)(投稿) contribute to… 促成；起作用；有助于 make a contribution to… 給……做出貢獻(xiàn) 【溫馨提示】 contribute to短語(yǔ)中，to為介詞，后面可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。,7,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,【活學(xué)活用】 翻譯句子 (1) Many people contributed money to the poor girl, which contributed to her returning to school. A teacher wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ________________________________________,許多人給這位家境貧寒的女孩捐款，這使她重新回到校園。一位老師寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于此事的文章，并把它投到了報(bào)社。,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,(2) I will devote my whole life to scientific research, and make contributions to the country where I was born and the people who brought me up. ________________________________________________ ____________________________,我將用全部的生命從事科學(xué)研究，貢獻(xiàn)給生育我、栽培我的祖國(guó)和人民。,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,【活學(xué)活用】 (1) 所有帶斑點(diǎn)的蘋(píng)果都被剔除。 All apples with spots_________________________. (2) 他擔(dān)心她會(huì)因他不是本國(guó)人而拒絕他。 He was afraid______________________________________ _____________________. (3) 病人排斥移植的心臟。 The patient___________________________________.,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,were rejected,she would reject him because he was a foreigner,rejected the transplanted heart,【易混辨析】 reject, refuse，decline (1) reject表示拒不接受不適合、不滿足或厭惡的東西，如“建議、計(jì)劃、贈(zèng)物、求婚、忠告”等，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，有時(shí)還含有“拋棄；剔除”等意思。只可接名詞或代詞，主語(yǔ)只能是人。 (2) refuse是普通用語(yǔ)，指堅(jiān)決、果斷甚至是粗暴地對(duì)別人的要求、請(qǐng)求、引誘或幫助加以拒絕，后接名詞、代詞或不定式，主語(yǔ)可以是人或物。,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,(3) decline常指婉轉(zhuǎn)地拒絕，近似漢語(yǔ)的“謝絕”，多用于對(duì)他人的邀請(qǐng)或提供的幫助。在與不定式連用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一般的“拒絕”，可與refuse通用。 用reject, refuse或decline的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 (1) He ___________their invitation point-blank. (2) The big clock ____________to welcome the New Year.,第21講 │ 單詞點(diǎn)睛,rejected,refused,第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),【溫馨提示】 在表示提出(主意、計(jì)劃)時(shí)，come up with和put forward為及物動(dòng)詞詞組，可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；而come up意思是“被提出”，是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,【活學(xué)活用】 1． 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子 (1) 男子半決賽已被提前到1：30舉行。 The men's semifinal __________________________1：30. (2) 他在會(huì)上提出了一個(gè)很好的建議。 He _________________________a very good suggestion at the meeting. 2． 用put相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 (1) The firefighters spent 3 hours _____________the big fire. (2) The meeting _______________because of the heavy snow. (3) At last her husband couldn't ____________her.,第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),has been put forward to,put forward/came up with,(in) putting out,was put off,put up with,第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),apart from 除……之外；此外 in addition to 除了……之外(還有) besides 除……之外(還有) except for 除……之外；只是 except 除了……之外,2,第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),【溫馨提示】 apart from后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，相當(dāng)于besides[除……以外(還包括)]或except[除……以外(不包括)]。如： Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.除了母語(yǔ)外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語(yǔ)。 I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英語(yǔ)外，我喜歡所有科目。,第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),【活學(xué)活用】 (1) 你看得懂這首詩(shī)嗎？ Can you __________________________this poem? (2) 讀句子，告訴我它是否講得通。 Read the sentence and_________________________. (3) 為這樣的事煩惱沒(méi)有意義。 _______________________________such a thing.,,第21講 │ 短語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ),make sense of /understand,tell me if it makes sense,There is no sense (in) worrying about,1． (1)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. (2)To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.,第21講 │ 句型透視,句型公式 (1) 主語(yǔ)＋suggest(表明，暗示)＋that clause(動(dòng)詞不需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) (2) 主語(yǔ)＋suggest (建議，提議)＋that clause(動(dòng)詞需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略) 【相關(guān)拓展】 若是直接接動(dòng)詞則用suggest doing，表示“建議做某事”。,第21講 │ 句型透視,【活學(xué)活用】 (1) All the members suggested that a new library ________________(build)． (2) Her smile suggested that she _______________(satisfy) with my answer. (3) His pale face suggests that he _____(be) in poor health.,第21講 │ 句型透視,(should) be built,was satisfied,is,2． So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 句型公式 主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋…every time＋從句 【句式分析】 本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，every time相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“每次……，每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，相當(dāng)于whenever。如： Every time he phones I always seem to be in the bath. 他每次打電話來(lái)，我好像總是在浴室里。,第21講 │ 句型透視,【相關(guān)拓展】 名詞詞組作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的有： every time, each time, any time, the last time, next time, the moment, the second, the minute, the hour, the day等。 這一系列的詞組是具有連詞功能的名詞短語(yǔ)，可直接 引導(dǎo)從句，不需要其他的連接成分。如： Every time I made a mistake, I was punished. 我每次犯錯(cuò)都會(huì)受到懲罰。,第21講 │ 句型透視,【活學(xué)活用】 (1) 每次碰到學(xué)習(xí)上的困難，我都是獨(dú)自解決。 __________________________________in study，I solve it by myself. (2) 下次你來(lái)北京，務(wù)必要提前告訴我。 _____________________________, be sure to let me know in advance.,第21講 │ 句型透視,Every time I meet with difficulties,Next time you come to Beijing,1. ________， I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me. A．On the whole B．In general C．In conclusion D．In other words 【解析】 C 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 on the whole“總體上，大體上”； in general“通常，一般”； in conclusion “總之，最后，作為結(jié)論”，用于概括； in other words“換句話說(shuō)”，用于兩句意思相近的話之間。句意為：最后，我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺?。故選C。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,2． When I came into her room, she was in her book. A．a(chǎn)bsorbed B．controlled C．exposed D．devoted 【解析】 A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。be absorbed in“全神貫注于”；controlled“被控制”；exposed“暴露”；devote與to搭配意為“致力于做某事”。句意為：當(dāng)我進(jìn)她屋的時(shí)候，她正專(zhuān)心地看書(shū)。故答案為A。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,3． [2010·福建卷] —In this day and age，women can have children and jobs as well. —I can't agree more. It's great to have the two . A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined 【解析】 D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。第二句意思為：“我非常贊同。讓這兩件事情相結(jié)合是非常好的。”have sth done.意為“使某事被做”。linked“相聯(lián)系的”；related “有關(guān)的”；connected“相連接的”；combined“相結(jié)合的，聯(lián)合的”。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,4．Eating too much fat and sugar can heart disease and high blood pressure. A．result from B．a(chǎn)ttend to C．devote to D．contribute to 【解析】 D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：攝入過(guò)多的脂肪和糖會(huì)引起心臟病和高血壓。表示“引起”或“導(dǎo)致”時(shí)，可用contribute to，result in或cause。result from表示“原因是”；attend to表示“照顧”；devote…to表示“獻(xiàn)身于”。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,5. providing humanitarian aid，the UN is also supposed to enforce(實(shí)施) agreements. A．Apart from B．Rather than C．Far from D．Except for 【解析】 A 句意為：除了提供人道主義援助之外，聯(lián)合國(guó)還應(yīng)該敦促讓協(xié)議得到實(shí)施。由句中的also可知，這里用apart from表示“除了……還”。rather than“而不是”，far from“遠(yuǎn)非”，except for“除了”。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,6． When I left the hospital I was completely . A．diagnosed B．treated C．cured D．healed 【答案】 C 7． Considering your salary, you should at least 100 dollars a week. A．put up B．put forward C．put aside D．put out 【答案】 C,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,8．Jane's pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she medical examination. A．be; should have B．was; have C．should be; have D．was; has 【解析】 B 考查suggest的賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞suggest作“建議，提議”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用“(should) ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形”；作“暗示；表明”講時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,9．“It is not only you but also Tom who ，” said the teacher after knowing what had happened. A．a(chǎn)re to be blamed B．is to be blamed C．a(chǎn)re to blame D．is to blame 【解析】 D 考查主謂一致。not only … but also 連接并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 應(yīng)遵循就近原則。再結(jié)合be to blame的用法，可以判斷應(yīng)該選D。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,10．In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn't make any . A．idea B．meaning C．sense D．point 【解析】 C 考查名詞辨析。make sense是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“有道理，意義清楚”。 11．To talk about more details is still too early, but we will __________them in the near future. A．report B．print C．a(chǎn)nnounce D．declare 【解析】 C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：現(xiàn)在談?wù)摳嗟募?xì)節(jié)還為時(shí)過(guò)早，但是我們會(huì)在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)公布。所以選C。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,12．The park which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A．has built B．has been built C．is building D．is being built 【解析】 D 從句中的…will be open to tourists soon看應(yīng)該是在建設(shè)中，the park與build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,13．Bill suggested a meeting on what to do after the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A．having held B．to hold C．holding D．hold 【解析】 C 考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。suggest后可以接doing sth作賓語(yǔ)。這里表示的是建議，事情還沒(méi)有發(fā)生，所以不能用完成時(shí)，故最大的干擾項(xiàng)A 應(yīng)該排除。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,14．The teacher voted to the government’s pay offer. A．a(chǎn)ccept B．disagree C．reject D．a(chǎn)gree 【解析】 C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。reject拒絕。句意為：教師們投票拒絕接受政府提出的工資方案。disagree是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,15．An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been . A．given off B．called in C．put forward D．set out 【解析】 C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。put forward“提出(建議、計(jì)劃等)”。句意為：一個(gè)有趣的測(cè)量火星周?chē)髿獾慕ㄗh已經(jīng)被人提出來(lái)了。give off意思是“發(fā)散”，call in意思是“請(qǐng)求收回；請(qǐng)來(lái)”。 set out意思是“開(kāi)始”，都不符合語(yǔ)境。,第21講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,