高考英語二輪復習 考點題組訓練 專題1 冠詞和代詞1
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專題1 冠詞和代詞 1.(2016新課標Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. 1.the→a 句意:我叔叔說他從沒夢想過在短時間內(nèi)變得富有。in a short period of time“在短時間內(nèi)”,為固定短語。 2.(2016新課標Ⅱ)But in that case,we will learn little about world. 2.world前加the 句意:但是,在那種情況下,我們對世界的認識就會很少。world前通常加定冠詞the,表示特指。 3.(2016新課標Ⅲ)At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 3.去掉the 句意:起初,我認為我知道一切,并且能夠獨自做決定。at first“起初;一開始”,為固定短語。 4.(2016四川)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. 4.kitchen前加the 句意:我告訴媽媽待在客廳,我在廚房里做飯。此處表示特指“我”家的廚房,故應用定冠詞the。 5.(2015新課標Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy in a shop window...A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. 5.第三個a→the 句意:……有個婦女見他哭了,就告訴他在那家商店外面等候。由上下文可知,此處shop指前面“Tony saw a toy in a shop window”中的shop,應用定冠詞。 6.(2015陜西)I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party...At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just to get some more of these biscuits.” 6.第一個a→the 句意:……在那次聚會上,我的教練口含餅干驚奇地問道是誰做的,并且開玩笑說:“為了多吃一些這樣的餅干我明年可能會再退休一次。”根據(jù)上文“I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.”可知,此處指前面所提到的那次退休聚會。 7.(2014新課標Ⅰ)As result,the plants are growing everywhere. 7.As后加a 句意:結(jié)果,圣女果長得到處都是。as a result為固定短語,意為“結(jié)果是”。 8.(2014浙江)A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket and became quite upset...The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. 8.a(chǎn)→the 句意:……找到票的那個人為自己的成功露出了高興的微笑。使用定冠詞the特指上文提及的同一事物,本文中特指前面提及的那張票。 9.(2014遼寧)Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. 9.第一個a→an 句意:此外,Cleo習慣于每天平均吠叫六個小時。名詞average以元音音素開頭,所以用an修飾,an average of...“……的平均數(shù)”。 10.(2014四川)Today,I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off...Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. 10.第二個a→the 句意:……很快,消防戰(zhàn)士們就會過來將火撲滅。根據(jù)文章第一句a fire alarm可知,指大家都已經(jīng)知道的那場火災,用the表示特指。 1.(2016新課標Ⅰ,70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects. 1.the 句意:護理團隊每隔幾天就把他和他的妹妹互換一下,這樣當他們中的一個在被人工喂養(yǎng)的時候,另一個是和媽媽在一起的——她從不懷疑。one...the other...“一個……另一個……”。 2.(2016新課標Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy. 2.a(chǎn) 句意:你可以先出去一會兒,通過鍛煉或做些你喜歡的事情來讓你的身體和大腦得到休息。for a while意為“一會兒”。 3.(2016浙江,2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris. 3.The;a 句意:這個比賽獲勝者的獎品是一個為期兩周的在巴黎度假的機會。第一空特指“獲勝者的獎品”,用定冠詞the;第二空泛指“一個為期兩周的假期”,用不定冠詞a。 4.(2015新課標Ⅱ,42)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers. 4.the 句意:由美國西南部的印第安村莊的印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最現(xiàn)代的建筑師和工程師欣賞。根據(jù)后面的most modern可知應為“最現(xiàn)代化的”,最高級前要用定冠詞the。 5.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. 5.a(chǎn) 句意:布萊恩在寫音樂方面很有天賦;他很有可能會成為一個貝多芬。不定冠詞加人名,意為“一個像某某那樣的人”,因此填a。 6.(2015陜西,14)________ more learned a man is,________ more modest he usually becomes. 6.The;the 句意:一個人越有學問,通常會越謙虛?!皌he+比較級+簡單句,the+比較級+簡單句”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越……越……”。 7.(2014廣東,23)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor. 7.the 句意:她因為錯誤向我們道歉,并額外給我們提供了頂層的VIP房間。此處top floor指說話雙方都清楚的那家賓館的頂樓房間,前面需要有定冠詞,表特指。 8.(2014浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days ________ week,often long into ________ night. 8.a(chǎn);the 句意:下個月要上交論文,我整個星期都在寫,經(jīng)常寫到夜里。seven days a week意為“整個星期,一周七天”,into the night意為“直到夜里”,是固定短語。 9.(2013福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development. 9.a(chǎn);a 句意:“中國夢”是一個提升人們幸福感的夢想,是一個和諧、和平與發(fā)展的夢想。由句意可知,兩空均在解釋中國夢,表示“一個……的夢想”。 10.(2013浙江,15)People develop________preference for a particular style of learning at________early age and these preferences affect learning. 10.a(chǎn);an 句意:人們在很小的時候就養(yǎng)成了對某種特定的學習風格的偏愛,并且這些偏愛會影響學習。第一空是考查短語develop a preference for...“養(yǎng)成對……的偏好”;第二空是固定搭配at an early age“在很小的時候”,故均填不定冠詞。 11.(2012課標全國Ⅰ,22)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with satisfaction. 11.the 句意:薩拉滿意地看著已經(jīng)完成的那幅畫。finished painting特指“已經(jīng)完成的那幅畫”,所以應用定冠詞。 12.(2012安徽,21)Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day. 12.a(chǎn) 句意:卡爾正在大學里學習食品科學,他希望有一天成立一家自己的肉類加工廠。泛指“一家工廠”,所以用不定冠詞。 13.(2012四川,18)We are said to be living in ________Information Age,________time of new discoveries and great changes. 13.the;a 句意:據(jù)說,我們生活在信息時代,這是一個充滿了新發(fā)現(xiàn)和巨大變化的時代。第一空后Information Age是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞,前面要用定冠詞;第二空至句末為the Imformation Age的同位語,對其進行解釋表示“一個……的時代”,表泛指,所以用不定冠詞。 14.(2012遼寧,21)I woke up with________bad headache,yet by________evening the pain had gone. 14.a(chǎn);the 句意:一陣劇烈的頭痛讓我醒來,然而到了晚上疼痛消失了。泛指“一陣頭疼”,headache前用不定冠詞;by the evening/morning/afternoon是習慣搭配。 15.(2012重慶,24)Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take ________place of George. 15.the 句意:薩姆已被任命為工程部的經(jīng)理來接替喬治。take the place of sb.是固定搭配,表示“取代某人”。 16.(2012江西,21)The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________sea. 16.the 句意:史密斯夫婦不喜歡住在旅館里,不過去年夏天,他們在海邊的一家不錯的旅館住過幾天。by the sea“在海邊”。 17.(2012全國Ⅱ,7) He missed ________ gold in the high jump,but will get ________ second chance in the long jump. 17.the;a 句意:他錯過了跳高比賽的金牌,但是在跳遠比賽中還有一次機會。第一空特指“跳高比賽的金牌”,gold前要用定冠詞;第二空后是序數(shù)詞second,但這里不是表示順序,而是指“再一,又一”,其前需用不定冠詞。 1.在做短文改錯時首先要看名詞是否可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞前不能加冠詞,故不可數(shù)名詞前的不定冠詞為多余;而可數(shù)名詞前若無冠詞,則為冠詞缺失,必須添加相應的冠詞。 2.做題時要看可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞修飾詞的讀音。以元音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞修飾詞前要用不定冠詞an,以輔音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞修飾詞前則用a。特別要注意useful,universal,uniform,united,once,one及hour,honest,honor等詞的讀音。 3.同時我們還要看修飾語是否為形容詞的最高級。表示最高級的詞前或表示“兩者中更……”的名詞前用定冠詞,否則用不定冠詞。 4.做題時還需要聯(lián)系上下文及意義。上文出現(xiàn)過的詞或者短語在意義上為特指,此處重復則用定冠詞;同時還要注意牢記一些習慣用法或固定短語中冠詞的用法。 (2015新課標Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside. 【解析】 countryside前加the 句意:我現(xiàn)在住在城里,但是想念鄉(xiāng)下的家。這里countryside是特指“我”家所在的農(nóng)村,故用定冠詞the。 (2014陜西)That day I didnt learn much about animals,insects or trees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! 【解析】 a→an 句意:那天我學習與動物、昆蟲及樹木有關的東西不多,但是我學到了關于重力很有印象的一課。后面的形容詞impressive以元音音素開頭,所以用an。 1.觀察空格后部分的中心詞是否是名詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語,因為冠詞唯一的作用就是用來修飾名詞的。 2.準確理解語境,確定空格所填詞表示泛指還是特指。泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物;特指則指上文已提到的、有限定詞修飾的或說話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。 3.理解空格所在句子的意義,分析所填詞是否是冠詞活用或固定用法。例如,抽象名詞表示具體意義時前面用不定冠詞;有些名詞前有無冠詞意義不同;固定搭配或習慣用法中冠詞的用法等。 (2015重慶,3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask. 【解析】 the;a 句意:我剛聽說朵拉工作的那家銀行被一個戴著面罩的槍手搶劫了。bank后面有定語從句,說明是特指,所以用定冠詞the;第二空雖有定語修飾,但是指一個未知的人,表泛指,所以填不定冠詞a。 (2014新課標Ⅰ,63)Now,years later,this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 【解析】 the 句意:現(xiàn)在,數(shù)年之后,這條河是環(huán)境治理最杰出的例子之一??崭窈蟛糠值闹行脑~是名詞examples,再由one of...可知,這里的most表示比較意義;形容詞最高級前用定冠詞the。 1.(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)How are you?Today Ive got a wonderful news to tell you. 1.去掉a 句意:你好!今天我有個好消息要告訴你。news是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能用不定冠詞。 2.(2016江西南昌高三聯(lián)考)...they only eat what they like and never touch food they dont like even if they really need it for their health. 2.food前加the 句意:……他們只吃他們喜歡的東西,即使那些食物對他們的健康有益他們也不會吃不喜歡的那些食物。根據(jù)句子后面的定語從句they dont like可知,此處的food為特指,在food前面加the。 3.(2016山東臨沭一中高三第一次月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. 3.第二個car前加a 句意:在那兒的停車場,由于一輛小汽車很快地從貨車后面沖出來,吉娜差一點被撞著。由于car是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),前面需加冠詞,且所提到的小車并非特定的某輛小車,用不定冠詞a。 4.(2016四川成都外國語學校高三月考)I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore. 4.去掉the 句意:我告訴他我不會上大學,因為我不想再讀書了。英語中,表示“上學”這一狀態(tài)時,學校前面不用冠詞。 1.(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)In the centre of the main road into the town,he placed ______ very large stone. 1.a(chǎn) 句意:他在進城的主干道中間放了一塊很大的石頭。在此stone作可數(shù)名詞,意為“一塊石頭”,前面需要用不定冠詞a。 2.(2016湖南衡陽八中二模)...when they heard the sound of horses,and saw Darcy and Bingley riding down the street.______ two gentlemen came straight towards the ladies to greet them. 2.The 句意:……這時她們聽到了馬嘶的聲音,看見達西和賓利騎著馬在街上走來。這兩位男士徑直朝那些女士們走來問候。根據(jù)上文可知,此處的gentlemen指上文中的達西和賓利,須用定冠詞the。 3.(2016四川成都外國語學校高三月考)They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things ______ same way. 3.the 句意:他們可能想過要傷害你,或者他們并沒有用同樣的方式看待事情。當名詞前面有形容詞same修飾時,same前面必須加定冠詞the。 4.(2015江西九江高三一模)On the third day,I received a message from Mikes wife that she said Mike had been killed in ______ unexplained truck crash on the morning of my call. 4.a(chǎn)n 句意:第三天,我收到了來自邁克妻子的短信,她說在我打電話的那天早上邁克在一次不明原因的卡車撞擊事故中死亡。此處泛指“一次不明原因的車禍”,故用不定冠詞;unexplained以元音音素開頭,故填an。 5.(2015云南民族中學高三適應性月考)Covering ______ area of 16,800 square kilometers with a population of about 11 million,Beijing has 18 districts and counties under its jurisdiction(管轄). 5.a(chǎn)n 句意:占地16 800平方千米,擁有約1 100萬人口的北京市,管轄著18個區(qū)和縣。an area of...“面積是……”,是固定短語。 6.(2015江西南昌高三一模)What if your first choice is wrong?If so,just give yourself ______ second chance. 6.a(chǎn) 句意:如果你的第一次選擇錯誤怎么辦?如果是這樣,要再給自己一次機會。根據(jù)意思可知,指犯錯誤后的又一次、再一次機會,序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞,表示“再一,又一”,所以填不定冠詞a。 7.(2014山西太原高三二診)So God turned it into ______ dog. 7.a(chǎn) 句意:所以上帝把它變成了一條狗。此處泛指“一條狗”,所以填不定冠詞。 8.(2014山東濰坊高三上期末)A government study has found that South Korean children are ______ least happy compared to children in 29 other developed countries. 8.the 句意:政府研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與其他29個發(fā)達國家的兒童相比韓國兒童是最不快樂的。形容詞最高級前用定冠詞。 9.(2014甘肅西北師大附中12月月考)I am ______ reporter from the New York Times. 9.a(chǎn) 句意:我是來自《紐約時報》的一名記者。泛指“一名記者”,表示身份,用不定冠詞。 10.(2014遼寧大連六校期末聯(lián)考)I consider myself very lucky because I was ______ only one of my friends who had their dads around. 10.the 句意:我認為自己很幸運,因為我是朋友當中唯一一個爸爸在身邊的。only前一般用定冠詞,表示“唯一的”。 1.(2016新課標Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steadily. 1.our→his 句意:……相反,他希望他的生意能夠穩(wěn)步增長。根據(jù)語境可知,此處與主語he對應,指他的生意,用his指代,保持人稱一致。 2.(2016新課標Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 2.your→our 句意:如果我們出國旅游,我們就能拓寬視野并學到書本上學不到的知識。此處應該使用our與本句的主語we在人稱上保持一致。 3.(2016新課標Ⅱ)It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot. 3.many→much 句意:那樣花費不多,而我們?nèi)匀豢梢詫W到很多。此處代詞much指代不可數(shù)名詞much money,作為動詞cost的賓語,而many通常指代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 4.(2016新課標Ⅲ)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.However,my parents didnt seem to think such. 4.such→so 句意:然而,我的父母看起來不那樣認為。so作指示代詞時,可以代替前面的could make decisions by myself,such不能指代前面的內(nèi)容。 5.(2016新課標Ⅲ)At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 5.yourself→myself 句意:起初,我認為我知道一切,并且能夠獨自做決定。句子的主語是I,因此反身代詞用myself。 6.(2016新課標Ⅲ)At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 6.need前加I 句意:……但我還是想無論什么時候我需要幫助,都有父母可以讓我求助。此處是讓步狀語從句,句子缺少主語,由前面的語境可知主語用I。 7.(2016四川)When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 7.her→his 句意:當他回來時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他手里有一束花。根據(jù)句意可知應用his。 8.(2015新課標Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment. 8.your→our 句意:我們必須要找到保護環(huán)境的方法。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及上文的意思可知,這里指保護“我們”的環(huán)境,與we相對應;此處應用our。 9.(2015陜西)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 9.a(chǎn)nything→something 句意:我想在他退休聚會上為他做些特別的事情??隙ň渲杏胹omething。 10.(2015浙江)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 10.them→it 句意:靠近學校的是一個綠樹成蔭的公園。由于此處指公園里有許多樹,應用it指代前面的公園。 11.(2014新課標Ⅰ)The fruits are small in size,but juicy and tasty.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. 11.much→many 句意:……圣女果很多,于是我們常跟鄰居們分享。根據(jù)上下文的意思可知,句中用many指代上文提到的the fruits,所以不能使用much。 12.(2014浙江)Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket,which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. 12.his→its/the 句意:于是車廂里所有的人都開始尋找那張票,最后在離它的主人幾排的座位下面找到了。表示“它的主人”,應用its或the。 13.(2014四川)If its a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. 13.us→you 句意:如果是誤警而沒有起火,你們的老師將會把你們領回教室。根據(jù)句子的主語your teacher可知此處應是“你們的老師會帶你們回教室”。 14.(2014遼寧)We appreciate our apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. 14.our→your 句意:我們非常欣賞你們的道歉和善意,然而我們也希望你們能夠想出解決這件事情的好方法。根據(jù)全文的意思及句子的意思分析可知,我們是對對方的道歉和善意感到高興,而不是自己的道歉。 15.(2014陜西)My uncles all came along with bows and arrows for hunting...Neither of the arrows hit the target. 15.Neither→None 句意:……沒有一支箭擊中目標。根據(jù)第一段中的all可知,指所有叔叔們的箭都沒有擊中目標。 1.(2016新課標Ⅰ,68)On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________(it)mother. 1.its 句意:在我最近的一次參觀中,可愛的三個月大的雙胞胎中的一只被它的媽媽遺棄了。由后面的mother可知,此處應用形容詞性物主代詞its表示所屬關系。 2.(2016四川,68)By that time,the panda no longer needed ________(it)mother for food. 2.its 句意:到那時,這只熊貓不再需要從它的母親那里獲取食物。此處用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾mother。 3.(2016浙江,3)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK. 3.that 句意:在很多方面,美國的教育體系和英國的教育體系很不一樣。這里指代前面的名詞education system,所以用that。 4.(2015新課標Ⅰ,63)A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with ________(it)choking smog. 4.its 句意:幾小時之前,我待在香港的家,那兒的霧令人窒息。根據(jù)句子意思可知,此處的smog為香港的smog,所以需要一個形容詞性物主代詞修飾。 5.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but ________ is useful to my knowledge. 5.none 句意:妮基總是充滿想法,但是,據(jù)我所知,沒有一個是有用的。此句中代替物、表示否定且有范圍故應用none。 6.(2015重慶,2)The meeting will be held in September,but ________ knows the date for sure. 6.nobody 句意:會議將在九月舉行,但是沒有人知道確切的日期。根據(jù)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知,后面的句子應為否定含義,所以用nobody。 7.(2014遼寧,65)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds. 7.it 句意:抬起腿,讓它在空中待一會兒。let的賓語指的是前面的your leg,故填it。 8.(2014廣西,25)—Whos that at the door? —________ is the milkman. 8.It 句意:——門口的那個人是誰?——送牛奶的。指代身份、性別等不明確的人時用代詞it。 9.(2014浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 9.it 句意:去年的平均降雨量是18.75厘米,這是加利福尼亞自1850年成立以來最干旱的一年。所填詞指代last year,作making的賓語,故用it。 10.(2014陜西,21)Id appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 10.it 句意:如果您能提前通知我來或者不來的話,我將會很感激。動詞appreciate接if從句時,后面須用it作形式賓語,指代后面的if從句。 11.(2014重慶,1)A smile costs ________,but gives much. 11.nothing 句意:微笑不需要付出什么,但卻可以給予很多。由句中轉(zhuǎn)折詞but及give much可知,應填nothing。 12.(2014四川,1)Shed lived in London and Manchester,but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge. 12.neither 句意:她曾經(jīng)住在倫敦和曼徹斯特,但是她哪個也不喜歡,就搬到了劍橋。由句意可知,她對這兩座城市都不喜歡,用否定代詞neither,表示“兩者都不”。 13.(2014福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in________,knives and forks. 13.others 句意:在一些國家,人們用筷子吃飯,然而在另一些國家,人們用刀叉吃飯。由句中關鍵詞in some countries再結(jié)合固定搭配some...others...可知答案。 1.分析句子成分,看句中主語或賓語是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主語,則需要添加人稱代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it;如果缺賓語,則可以添加人稱代詞賓格;如果賓語和主語指同一個人,則應用反身代詞。 2.檢查搭配,看名詞前是否需要代詞。如果名詞前需要代詞,則需要添加形容詞性物主代詞。 3.通讀全文,通過上下文的語境檢查代詞指代是否一致。如果代詞指代不一致就要參照上下文的講述來確定是哪一處出現(xiàn)了錯誤,進行改正。 4.根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu),判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式,it作形式主語、形式賓語或在強調(diào)句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。 5.對不定代詞的考查主要集中在其指代范圍,這就需要分析上下文意義,看代詞是肯定還是否定,是指代兩者還是三者或三者以上,從而確定不定代詞的使用是否合適。 (2015四川)Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. 【解析】 many→much 句意:現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三個星期六了,的確花費很多。根據(jù)句意可知,指花錢很多;在英語中“錢”是不可數(shù)名詞,故用much修飾。 (2014廣西)Otherwise,it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. 【解析】 him→them 句意:否則,對他們來說相互幫助并讓友誼長久是不可能的。由下文的each other及their friendship可知,指的是多個朋友。所以根據(jù)指代一致性原則可知,應該使用them在句中作for的賓語。 1.觀察空格前后的詞,確定用哪一類代詞。若空格后是句子的謂語動詞,要填的詞應考慮人稱代詞主格;若是名詞或相當于名詞的詞,則要填一個形容詞性物主代詞,作定語。若空格前是動詞,要填的詞應考慮人稱代詞賓格、反身代詞、名詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等;若是起限定作用的詞,則要考慮名詞性物主代詞或不定代詞。 2.理清句子的邏輯意義,確定被替代的對象的適用范圍是兩者還是多者、表示否定意義還是肯定意義、是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,如果是可數(shù)名詞,還要分辨是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。 (2015福建,21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but ________ contained any useful suggestions. 【解析】 neither 句意:研究組依據(jù)調(diào)查得出兩份報告,但是這兩份報告都沒有任何有用的建議。由表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的but可知,后面表示否定意義;再分析句子意思可知,空白對應前面的two reports,那么其否定代詞為neither。 (2014新課標Ⅱ,49)A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!Its ________(I).” 【解析】 me/mine 句意:公交車上的一位婦女說,“哦,天哪!是我(的)?!贝颂幾鞅碚Z,可用me,表示“是‘我’丟了手提箱”,或用mine表示“手提箱是‘我的’”。 1.(2016湖南衡陽八中二模)No doubt money plays an important role in our daily life,but it does not mean nothing. 1.nothing→anything 句意:毫無疑問,在日常生活中,金錢起著重要的作用,但是它并不意味著一切。根據(jù)前面分句的意思可知,后面句子為不完全否定,根據(jù)英語表達習慣可知為not...anything。 2.(2016江西南昌高三聯(lián)考)As it is known,we are what we eat. 2.去掉it 句意:眾所周知,我們吃什么就是什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,as引導非限制性定語從句,并在從句中作主語,it多余,故刪去。 3.(2016山東臨沭一中高三第一次月考)They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way home. 3.They→We 句意:最后我們將吉娜送到她父母身邊后回家了。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處并非其他人,而是指作者本人及當時在一起的朋友,因此是指“我們”。 4.(2016四川成都外國語學校高三月考)He reminded how my father had sent me to the best college in our city. 4.reminded后加me 句意:他使我想起了,父親是如何把我送進了城里最好的大學的。根據(jù)動詞remind的用法remind sb.sth.可知,remind后面需加賓語;再分析句子意思可知,此處指提醒作者本人,在reminded后加代詞me。 1.(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town. 1.something 句意:城里曾經(jīng)有個想為市民做些事情的富翁。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示想要為人們做某事,故填something。 2.(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)Instead,with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.________ man came along and did the same thing;then another came,and another. 2.Another 句意:然而,他艱難地繞過石頭繼續(xù)走。另一個人過來了,同樣如此。然后,另一個,又另一個,都是這樣。根據(jù)前后句子的意思可知,指在前面那個人之后的又一個人,即另一個人,故填another。 3.(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove ________. 3.it 句意:他們都抱怨那塊大石頭但都不去將它搬開。根據(jù)句子意思可知,此處指前面提及的那塊大石頭,故用it。 4.(2016湖南衡陽八中二模) ________ changed colour,one white,the other red. 4.Both 句意:兩人的臉色都變了,一人的臉白了,另一人的臉紅了。根據(jù)后面的one white,the other red可知,此處指兩人,應填both。 5.(2016江西南昌高三聯(lián)考)Nowadays,school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon,________ calling for our great concern. 5.something 句意:目前,學校暴力是個熱點問題。我認為這是一個現(xiàn)象,需要極大的關注。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可以看出,空格后面的內(nèi)容對phenomenon進行了解釋說明,故用something作phenomenon的同位語。 6.(2015山東肥城二中1月月考)At the end of the five minutes,no one could find ________(they)own balloon. 6.their 句意:五分鐘結(jié)束時,沒有人能夠找到自己的氣球。與起強調(diào)作用的own一起作名詞balloon的定語,ones own“某人自己的”。 7.(2015廣西南寧第一次適應性檢測)Dasirees paintings catch your eyes immediately,and then your eyes lock on ________. 7.them 句意:德西里的畫立刻吸引了你們的視線,然后你們的視線就鎖定了這些畫。介詞on的賓語指的是前面提到的paintings,故用them代替。 8.(2015山東曲師大附中階段檢測)She must be shy.You may be shy ________(you). 8.yourself 句意:她一定很害羞,你自己可能也會害羞。反身代詞在句中起強調(diào)作用。 9.(2015江西九江高三一模)We valued every chance we could to keep ________(we)both on the right track. 9.us 句意:我們珍惜每一次我們兩人能夠在正軌上的機會。作動詞keep的賓語,指人,所以用人稱代詞賓格。 10.(2014河南開封高三二模)Only human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help ________(they)realize these choices. 10.themselves 句意:只有人類可以選擇生活的地方和生活的方式,然后提高客觀環(huán)境來幫助自己實現(xiàn)這些選擇。本空所填詞作help的賓語,而help的主語是they,主語與賓語互指,故賓語用反身代詞。 一、不定冠詞的用法 泛指某個或某類人或物,或指未曾提到的、對方不熟悉的人或物。 I was born in a small village in Shandong Province. A child needs not only food and clothes,but love as well. 用在轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞、表示具體意義的抽象名詞前。 The party held last weekend was a great success. 表示“一”或“每一”概念。 He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times a week. 二、定冠詞的用法 特指雙方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。 What a pity that you couldnt be there to receive the prize! 用在形容詞或分詞前,表一類人或物。 Many of the injured are still in a serious condition. 用在姓氏的復數(shù)形式前,表示一家人或夫婦倆。 I paid a visit to the Turners last week. 用在方位名詞、西洋樂器名詞和宇宙中獨一無二的事物前。 the east 東部 play the piano 彈鋼琴 the universe 宇宙 the moon 月亮 用在序數(shù)詞、比較級(兩者相比較,表示特指的時候)、最高級和形容詞only,very(恰好是),same 前。 Its the first time that I have been to China. Which story is the more interesting of the two? We were the only people there. 用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”中。 take sb.by the arm 拉著某人的胳膊 hit sb.in the face/on the nose打某人的臉/鼻子 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。 The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall. 用在表示世紀、年代的詞前。 The book was published in the 1980s. 定冠詞用法口訣 特指、熟悉和重提,復數(shù)姓氏、最高級; 獨一無二和年代,序數(shù)詞、方位和樂器; 普通名詞專有化,固定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。 三、零冠詞的用法 不可數(shù)名詞、復數(shù)名詞表泛指或類指時。 By getting close to nature,you can really get refreshed. Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China. 名詞前已有限定詞時。 His car is much more expensive than mine. 表示三餐、球類、棋類、學科、季節(jié)、年、月等的名詞前。 He has milk and bread for breakfast every day. Of all the subjects,I like physics best. Autumn is the harvest season. 獨一無二的頭銜和職位名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時。 Mr.Smith was elected president of our school. 系動詞turn后作表語的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。 Tom has turned(=become a)professional player. 表示交通方式的“by+名詞”中的名詞前。 He goes to work every day by- 配套講稿:
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