高中英語 Module 4 Great Scientists模塊綜合測評 外研版必修

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模塊綜合測評 (時間：100分鐘，滿分：120分) Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) A Do you suppose Darwin，one of the greatest scientists of all times，really did fools experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish? Sometimes，people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem.Sometimes，they really do know an answer or a solution，but without thinking they are important. Charles Darwin didnt settle for(滿足于)just thinking he knew something.And，he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be. Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape.If you drop them at the same time in the same place，they will fall in the same way.Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets.What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldnt be worth anything. But this simple experiment is important.It explains part of our present day understandings of physics，ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton.And these understandings set_aside some of ancient Greek physics. Scientists sometime stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them.Even the simplest idea，which we might think is foolish，can shake the foundations of science. 【語篇解讀】　有些問題的答案人們已經知曉，但人們沒有想過這個問題是多么重要。偉大的科學家Charles Darwin常通過做實驗來弄懂事情的來龍去脈。 1．The passage tells us that Charles Darwin________. A．was a great English scientist B．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult C．thought even the simplest thing was important D．didnt get well with others 【解析】　短文并沒有說Charles Darwin是哪個國家的科學家，可排除A；由文章可知別人認為Darwin的許多實驗不值得做，可把B排除；文中沒有論述Darwin與別人相處的事情，可排除D。由第三段第二句中“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be”可推出答案C。 【答案】　C 2．The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means“________”． A．throw away　　　　 B．store up C．put to use D．realize 【解析】　由上文可知作者認為做這個簡單實驗是重要的，它解釋了目前人們對于物理方面的理解。因此這些理解當然是推翻了一些希臘古典物理學的觀點。由此可推知set aside與throw away同義。 【答案】　A 3．The author of the passage tries to________. A．convince us that Charles Darwin，Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things C．prove that two sheets of paper，with the same size and shape，will fall at the same speed D．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us 【解析】　短文的最后一段點明最簡單的事情都可能動搖科學的根基，意在告訴讀者要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它非常簡單。 【答案】　D B The Nobel Prize was founded by Alfred Nobel.Since 1901，it has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics，chemistry，medicine，literature，and for work in peace. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm，Sweden，on October 21,1833.He was very interested in social and peacerelated issues.After inventing dynamite (炸藥)，Swedishborn Alfred Nobel became a very rich man.However，he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late.Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite，so in 1895，just two weeks before his death，he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind.Originally there were five awards: literature，physics，chemistry，medicine，and peace.Economics was added in 1968，just sixtyseven years after the first award ceremony. Nobels original legacy (遺產)of nine million dollars was invested，and the interest on this sum is used for the awards，which vary from D|S30,000 to D|S125,000. Every year on December 10，the anniversary of Nobels death，the awards (gold medal，illuminated diploma，and money)are presented to the winners.Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges decision.Americans have won numerous science awards，but relatively few literature (文學)prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.Some people have won two prizes，but this is rare；others have shared prizes. 【語篇解讀】　諾貝爾獎創(chuàng)立于1901年，它是根據(jù)瑞典著名化學家、甘油炸藥的發(fā)明人阿爾弗雷德貝恩哈德諾貝爾的遺囑以其部分遺產作為基金創(chuàng)立的。本文介紹了諾貝爾獎的創(chuàng)立、發(fā)展及其獎項設立的一些情況。 4．When did the first award ceremony take place? A．1895.　　　　　　 B．1901. C．1962.　　 D．1968. 【解析】　從第二段最后一句“Economics was added in 1968，just sixtyseven years after the first award ceremony.”可計算出，第一次頒發(fā)諾貝爾獎是在1901年。 【答案】　B 5．Why was the Nobel Prize established? A．To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity. B．To resolve political differences. C．To honor the inventor of dynamite. D．To spend money. 【解析】　從第二段倒數(shù)第三句“...he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind.”可知設獎的初衷。 【答案】　A 6．In which area have Americans received the most awards? A．Literature. B．Peace. C．Economics. D．Science. 【解析】　從第四段最后一句“Americans have won numerous science awards，but relatively few literature(文學)prizes.”可知，美國在科學領域獲諾貝爾獎最多。 【答案】　D 7. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Awards vary in monetary value. B．Ceremonies are held one December 10 to commemorate Nobels invention. C．Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners. D．A few individuals have won two awards. 【解析】　從第二段可知，頒發(fā)諾貝爾獎是為了獎勵人類做出的貢獻的人，不是為了紀念諾貝爾本人的發(fā)明。 【答案】　B C　　　　 【導學號：98180053】 When I saw a big handmade signboard“Welcome Yu Xin”at the airport，I knew I had found a caring family at the other side of the world—the United States. My host mom had already decorated(裝飾)my room for me.There was a doll on one side of the room，and a bookcase full of books on the other—they had heard I loved reading.Mom had also prepared a keyboard for me，since she knew that I played the piano. My life in the family did not go so well at first.Because I am the only child in my family in China，I was not used to having two younger kids—Zachary and Grace—running around me yelling(大喊大叫)all the time. Mom had a serious talk with me about this problem on a Sunday afternoon.She told me，“You cant just come home from school everyday，go to your room and do your homework.You need to be a part of this family.You need to play with my kids for at least an hour.”This rule was very annoying at first.I did not have much experience playing with children. However，the more time I spent with the kids，the more I grew to love them.We played games and read books together.I even taught them Chinese.Thanks to moms rule，I began to feel like I was really part of the family. Mom also inspired me to live a healthier life.She got up early every morning to go running.On weekends，she took the whole family to visit parks or go camping. I did not like sports much when I was back home，but now I love to join all kinds of sports.I am healthier and more confident too. With my American family，I found joy and laughter.I learned to live with energy and optimism(樂觀)，thanks to the care and responsibility of my loving American parents. 【語篇解讀】　本文介紹了作者在美國寄宿家庭的生活，由于他們的關心和照顧，作者的思想也發(fā)生了變化。 8．The passage is mainly about________. A．the cultural differences Yu Xin experienced in America B．how Yu Xin learned to get along with younger kids in America C．how much Yu Xins caring host family in America changed her D．various difficulties Yu Xin met in America 【解析】　本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了作者在美國寄宿家庭的生活，由于他們的關心和照顧，作者的思想也發(fā)生了變化。 【答案】　C 9．From Paragraph 2，we can see that________. A．the host mom tried hard to make Yu Xin feel at home B．the host mom was good at decorating rooms C．Yu Xin was fond of American dolls D．Yu Xin kept busy with a lot of hobbies 【解析】　根據(jù)文章第二段可知寄宿家庭的母親為作者裝飾了房間，準備了裝滿書的書柜，還為作者準備了鍵盤樂器，可推斷A為正確選項。 【答案】　A 10．What led Yu Xin to feel like she was really part of the family? A．Yu Xins talks with her host parents. B．Having to join in sports with the family. C．The host moms rule about playing with the kids. D．Enjoying weekends with the host family. 【解析】　根據(jù)文章第四段“You need to be a part of this family.You need to play with my kids for at least an hour.”可知C為正確選項。 【答案】　C 11．Which of the following words can best describe the host mom? A．Caring and responsible. B．Strict and patient. C．Rude and demanding. D．Selfish but healthy. 【解析】　根據(jù)文章最后一句話可知A為正確選項。 【答案】　A D Scientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the “traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this. The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visit all locations on his route.Computers solve it by comparing the length of all possible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy for days.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size of grass seed.Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.” The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route. As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating (授粉)crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains，bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman problem without a computer.” 【語篇解讀】　英國的科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，蜜蜂在花叢中飛行時，總是能夠找到最近的路線，這個“銷售員旅行難題”即使用電腦也需要好幾天才能解決。 12．What would be the best title of the passage? A．Bees help salesmen travel B．Tiny brained bees solve a complex mathematical problem C．How bees discover the flowers D．How to solve the “traveling salesman problem” 【解析】　“銷售員旅行難題”用計算機也需要好幾天才能解決，而蜜蜂毫不費力地就能在花叢中找到最近的飛行路線，故B項“具有微小大腦的蜜蜂解決復雜的數(shù)學難題”作為文章的標題最貼切。 【答案】　B 13．We may infer from the second paragraph that the “traveling salesman problem”________． A．can be solved by a computer easily B．cant even be solved by a computer C．can puzzle both people and computers D．remains to be solved by scientists 【解析】　根據(jù)第二段可知，銷售員在出發(fā)之前必須找到合適的路線，這個“銷售員旅行難題”即使用電腦也需要好幾天才能解決。 【答案】　C 14．The main purpose of the last paragraph is to________. A．provide further proof for the research B．tell us how bees can fly the shortest route between flowers C．tell us how the research about bees flying route was conducted D．explain the importance of the research 【解析】　最后一段說明了蜜蜂飛行路線研究的意義和目的，是為了幫助我們在實際生活中更好地節(jié)省時間和精力。 【答案】　D 15．It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A．all creatures are smarter than computers B．the research about bees flying route can be applied to many fields C．our networks are more complex than bees ones D．with the help of the computer we can find out how bees can solve the “traveling salesman problem” 【解析】　根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出對蜜蜂飛行路線的研究可以應用到其他領域中。 【答案】　B Ⅱ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) 根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 How to Become a Top Student Successful students use different techniques(技巧)to study，which brings them more success.__16__Here are the four techniques almost all topperforming students use. They are regular.Almost all successful students study regularly，because they know “what you give is what you get”．If you put in regular hours of studying，then you will learn more and get better grades.__17__This will help you to study regularly. They have clear goals.All topperforming students have definite，specific goals.__18__They motivate(激發(fā))you and drive you to study more.But make sure that you do not get carried away.Set realistic goals which can challenge(挑戰(zhàn))you，but do not seem impossible or too difficult to achieve. They study without pressure(壓力)．Successful students study a lot.But they study without putting strain on themselves.Most students make the mistake of studying too hard or studying continuously for a long time.__19__Studying should be done in a balanced manner.Take a break for a few minutes，after studying for 30 or 45 minutes.Relax，walk around your room or house，or drink some water and return to studying.Such short breaks will refresh your brain and you will learn more. __20__Studying is not something you do just because your parents ask you to do it.Its actually very important for you.Studying gives you knowledge and skills that will remain with you for the rest of your life.It gives you the ability to get a job and earn money.And successful students recognize the value of studying well. A. This creates tension and actually slows down learning and memory. B．But to score grade A in English，you should make wellplanned efforts. C．Set aside some hours，each day or each week，for studying. D．Having such goals gives you a purpose to study better. E．Learn their techniques，and you will also join their rank. F．They finish their homework on time. G．They give importance to study. 【答案】　16－20　ECDAG Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Clarke locked the door and went to the womens club as usual.It was a pleasant way of passing time __21__ an old woman who lived __22__. When she came home she sensed something __23__.Had someone got in? The back door and the windows were all locked and there was no __24__ of forced entry.Had anything been taken? She went from room to room，__25__， and found her camera and spare watch missing. The following Thursday she went out at her usual time，but didnt go to the club.__26__， she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home，__27__ herself in through the back door.She settled down to wait and see what would __28__. It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang.Mrs.Clarke was __29__ tea at the time.The bell rang again，and __30__ she heard her letterbox being pushed open.__31__ the kettle of boiling water，she moved quietly __32__ the door.A piece of wire appeared through the letterbox，and then a __33__.The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door lock.Mrs.Clarke raised the kettle and __34__ the water over the hand.__35__ was heard outside as the __36__ fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back，which was __37__ by the sound of running feet. It wasnt long __38__ the police caught the thief.And Mrs.Clarke was greatly __39__ at the club for her successful __40__. 【語篇解讀】 　本文講述的是Mrs.Clarke在發(fā)現(xiàn)家中被盜后采取的對策，以及她懲治小偷的經過。 21．A.by 　　　　　　　 B．to C．with D．for 【解析】　俱樂部對于孤獨老人來說是一種消磨時光的好方法。 【答案】　D 22．A.lonely B．alone C．away D．busily 【解析】　從全文看，Mrs.Clarke 是獨自一人住。 【答案】　B 23．A.terrible B．uncomfortable C．unusual D．bad 【解析】　她感到家里有點反常(unusual)。 【解析】　C 24．A.information B．show C．sign D．sight 【解析】　由上半句可見并無破門而入的跡象 (sign)。 【答案】　C 25．A.looking B．examining C．searching D．checking 【解析】　這里應該是核查，看看丟了什么東西。 【答案】　D 26．A.Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Again 【解析】　相反，她抄近路回家了。 【答案】　C 27．A.pushing B．letting C．pulling D．leading 【解析】　let sb.in “讓某人進入”。 【答案】　B 28．A.appear B．follow C．happen D．do 【解析】　看看會發(fā)生什么。其余三項動詞含義可包含在此項中。 【答案】　C 29．A.cooking B．making C．burning D．serving 【解析】　“沏茶”習慣用make tea來表示。 【答案】　B 30．A.the next moment B．for a while C．in time D．at once 【解析】　the next moment“緊接著……”。 【答案】　A 31．A.Putting down B．Laying aside C．Picking up D．Taking away 【解析】　結合下文看，此處表示“提起一壺開水”。 【答案】　C 32．A.towards B．away from C．from behind D．near 【解析】　朝門口走去。 【答案】　A 33．A.knife B．hand C．letter D．key 【解析】　伸進來的是“手”(hand)，根據(jù)下文“over the hand”可判斷出選B。 【答案】　B 34．A.used B．dropped C．poured D．covered 【解析】　“倒開水；潑水”用pour。 【答案】　C 35．A.A sad voice B．A strange noise C．A low shout D．A sharp cry 【解析】　開水猛然澆到手上，發(fā)出的是尖叫，并非其他幾種聲音。 【答案】　D 36．A.key B．kettle C．doorlock D．wire 【解析】　從上文得知，應該是鐵絲掉在地上。 【答案】　D 37．A.followed B．caused C．produced D．ended 【解析】　緊接著是逃走的腳步聲。 【答案】　A 38．A.before B．since C．until D．when 【解析】　句型It wasnt long before (后接從句)表示“不久……”。 【答案】　A 39．A.surprised B．praised C．encouraged D．supported 【解析】　如此智勇兼?zhèn)洌匀辉赾lub中受到贊揚。 【答案】　B 40．A.selfsatisfaction B．selfprotection C．selfrespect D．selfservice 【解析】　以上行為屬于自我保護(selfprotection)。 【答案】　B Ⅳ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分) 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。 One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about being late for school.There were many people 41. ________(wait)at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 42. ________(disappoint)．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next 43. ________ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike caught my attention.He 44. ________(ride)beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，45. ________ he refused to stop 46. ________ we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept riding.He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy came up to the door of the bus，and I heard an 47. ________ (excite)conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! Its 48. ________ (I)．”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy 49. ________ (do)，and the crowd of strangers 50. ________ (sudden)became friendly to one another. 【答案】　41.waiting　42.disappointed　43.to 44．was riding　45.but　46.until　47.exciting 48．me/mine　49.had done　50.suddenly Ⅴ.短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加： 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除： 把多余的詞用斜線(\)畫掉。 修改： 在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意： 1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 John is a tall man weighing as much as 100 kilogram.Though he is large，but he fears dogs.One day he was taking walk when a dog suddenly appeared from somewhere.He became so nervous that he ran as fast as he can.The dog kept run after him and it was getting closer.In the danger situation，John decided to climb up a tree to avoid the dog.Unfortunate，it was not an easy job.He hadnt gone up very high when the dog stood right above the tree.The dog jumped up and bit its teeth into his bottom.John fell right onto the dogs head，that killed it immediately. 【答案】　 John is a tall man weighing as much as 100 .Though his is large，but he fears dogs.One day he was taking walk when a dog suddenly appeared from somewhere.He became so nervous that he ran as fast as he .The dog kept after him and it was getting closer.In the situation，John decided to climb up a tree to avoid the dog.，it was not an easy job.He hadnt gone up very high when the dog stood right the tree.The dog jumped up and bit teeth into his bottom.John fell right onto the dogs head， killed it immediately. Ⅵ.書面表達(滿分25分) 用英語寫一篇介紹查爾斯達爾文(Charles Darwin)的100詞左右的短文。 人物：查爾斯達爾文 生平：1809年2月2日出生在離塞文河(the River Severn)不遠的一個家庭里，十六歲時，達爾文進入愛丁堡大學(Edinburgh University)學醫(yī)。后來，他又被送到劍橋大學(Cambridge University)學習，并于1831年畢業(yè)。達爾文持續(xù)不斷地從事他的科學研究，直到1882年去世。他被安葬在倫敦威斯敏斯特教堂(Westminster Abbey)。 _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________