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Transmission shaft important components and fault diagnosis ruled out
Universal joint is a key component of car transmission. In front of a rear wheel drive car engine, transmission shaft installed in universal output shaft and axles Lord reducer between input shaft; And lead the engine of the car front wheel drive shaft is omitted, gimbal installed in both responsible for driving and be responsible for steering the front axle half shaft between with wheels. Automobile is a movement of the object. On the drive cars, engine, clutch and transmission as a whole, and installed in the frame by frame drive axle of elastic suspension connecting with a distance, both between, need to undertake connection. Auto operation of pavement produces jumpy, rough load variation or two assembly installation position difference, will make the transmission output shaft and axles Lord deceleration .
In engine front rear wheel drive (or with all-wheel drive) bus and because cars in athletic process suspension deformation, the drive shaft Lord reducer input shaft and transmission (or FenDongXiang) output shaft often had relative motion between, in addition, in order to effectively avoid some institutions or device (can't achieve linear transmission), must have a device to achieve power, then the normal transmission appeared gimbal transmission. Gimbal transmission must have the following features: A, guaranteed by the relative position between the two axis within the expected changes, can reliably transfer power;B, assure that connects the two axis can even work. Because universal arising from the Angle of additional load, vibration and noise should be in the range of allowable; C, transmission efficiency should be high, long service life, simple structure, easy fabrication, maintenance easy. For car is concerned, due to a cross axis gimbal output shaft relative to the input shaft (have certain Angle) is not constant rotation, therefore, must adopt double gimbal (or more), and the universal shaft driving with two linked to decorate in the same plane cardan, and make two gimbal Angle are equal. It is very important. In the design should minimize the Angle of universal.
Auto transmission shaft common fault performance for damage, wear, deformation and lost dynamic balance, resulting in driving car produce abnormal sound and vibration car transmission shaft common faults, these auto transmission shaft common faults will cause serious damage to the relevant components. Vehicle, in starting or urgent acceleration out "Gordon sound, but obviously shows part of the desert feeling, pine, if not driving axle gears shaft is loose desert pine desert part. The site is nothing else but loose labels bearing or steel bowl of universal's cross with lugs fork, telescopic sets of spline shaft and spline sets. Generally speaking, the shaft with bearing desert trunnion amount shall not exceed spline 0.13 mm, telescopic with spline set of meshing gap should not be more than 0.3 mm. More than use limit shall repair
Automobile driving if chassis happen "buzz" sound, and running speed, the higher the voice is bigger. The auto transmission shaft is usually due to common faults of universal's cross axes and bearing wear pine, transmission shaft desert intermediate bearings wear, middle rubber bearing damage or hanger loose, or because the position by fixed hanger wrong.
Axle shaft deflection and whether interference occurs. If the car runs with the increased speed, and increase noise with jitter, this car is usually due to transmission shaft common faults caused lose balance. This vibration most obvious in driving indoor feeling. The balabcing dynamic balance shafts should be less than is 100 g. cm.
Dynamic balance shafts will lead to failure serious damage to the relevant components. The most common automobile transmission shaft common failures are clutch shell crack and the middle rubber bearing fatigue damage. Among the shaft installed in the maintenance of pylon is very important. If hanger installation location undeserved, can increase working resistance and noise transmission, resulting in bearing early damage. This kind of car transmission shaft common failure probability is very big, then solve the auto transmission shaft common faults in the way is: reinstall hanger, first hanger retaining bolt don't tightened with cars driving wheel apart, hang low ground jack block, slowly rotating shaft and hanger automatic transmission shaft to find are and then the hanger retaining bolt tightened.
傳動(dòng)軸重要部件及故障診斷排除
萬(wàn)向節(jié)是汽車傳動(dòng)軸上的關(guān)鍵部件。在前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車輛上，萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸安裝在變速器輸出軸與驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主減速器輸入軸之間；而前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車輛省略了傳動(dòng)軸，萬(wàn)向節(jié)安裝在既負(fù)責(zé)驅(qū)動(dòng)又負(fù)責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)向的前橋半軸與車輪之間。汽車是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體。在后驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車上，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、離合器與變速器作為一個(gè)整體安裝在車架上，而驅(qū)動(dòng)橋通過(guò)彈性懸掛與車架連接，兩者之間有一個(gè)距離，需要進(jìn)行連接。汽車運(yùn)行中路面不平產(chǎn)生跳動(dòng)，負(fù)荷變化或者兩個(gè)總成安裝位置差異，都會(huì)使得變速器輸出軸與驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主減速器輸入軸之間的夾角和距離發(fā)生變化，因此要用一個(gè)“以變應(yīng)變”的裝置來(lái)解決這一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此就有了萬(wàn)向節(jié)。
在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)（或全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)）的汽車上，由于汽車在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中懸架變形，驅(qū)動(dòng)軸主減速器輸入軸與變速器（或分動(dòng)箱）輸出軸間經(jīng)常有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，此外，為有效避開(kāi)某些機(jī)構(gòu)或裝置（無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)直線傳遞），必須有一種裝置來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力的正常傳遞，于是就出現(xiàn)了萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)。萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)必須具備以下特點(diǎn)：a 、保證所連接兩軸的相對(duì)位置在預(yù)計(jì)范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)時(shí)，能可靠地傳遞動(dòng)力；b 、保證所連接兩軸能均勻運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。由于萬(wàn)向節(jié)夾角而產(chǎn)生的附加載荷、振動(dòng)和噪聲應(yīng)在允許范圍內(nèi)；c 、傳動(dòng)效率要高，使用壽命長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造方便，維修容易。對(duì)汽車而言，由于一個(gè)十字軸萬(wàn)向節(jié)的輸出軸相對(duì)于輸入軸（有一定的夾角）是不等速旋轉(zhuǎn)的，為此必須采用雙萬(wàn)向節(jié)（或多萬(wàn)向節(jié)）傳動(dòng)，并把同傳動(dòng)軸相連的兩個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉布置在同一平面，且使兩萬(wàn)向節(jié)的夾角相等。這一點(diǎn)是十分重要的。在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量減小萬(wàn)向節(jié)的夾角。
汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障表現(xiàn)為傳動(dòng)軸損壞、磨損、變形以及失去動(dòng)平衡，造成汽車在行駛中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障，這些汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致相關(guān)部件的損壞。汽車行駛中，在起步或急加速時(shí)發(fā)出“格登”的聲響，而且明顯表現(xiàn)出機(jī)件松曠的感覺(jué)，如果不是驅(qū)動(dòng)橋傳動(dòng)齒輪松曠則顯然是傳動(dòng)軸機(jī)件松曠。松曠的部位不外乎是萬(wàn)向節(jié)十字軸承或鋼碗與凸緣叉，伸縮套的花鍵軸與花鍵套。一般來(lái)講，十字軸軸徑與軸承曠量不應(yīng)超過(guò)0.13mm,伸縮花鍵軸與花鍵套嚙合間隙不應(yīng)大于0.3mm。超過(guò)使用極限應(yīng)當(dāng)修復(fù)或更換。
汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障表現(xiàn)為傳動(dòng)軸損壞、磨損、變形以及失去動(dòng)平衡，造成汽車在行駛中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障，這些汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致相關(guān)部件的損壞。汽車行駛中，在起步或急加速時(shí)發(fā)出“格登”的聲響，而且明顯表現(xiàn)出機(jī)件松曠的感覺(jué)，如果不是驅(qū)動(dòng)橋傳動(dòng)齒輪松曠則顯然是傳動(dòng)軸機(jī)件松曠。松曠的部位不外乎是萬(wàn)向節(jié)十字軸承或鋼碗與凸緣叉，伸縮套的花鍵軸與花鍵套。一般來(lái)講，十字軸軸徑與軸承曠量不應(yīng)超過(guò)0.13mm,伸縮花鍵軸與花鍵套嚙合間隙不應(yīng)大于0.3mm。超過(guò)使用極限應(yīng)當(dāng)修復(fù)或更換。
汽車行駛中若底盤(pán)發(fā)生“嗡嗡”聲，而且運(yùn)行速度越高，聲音越大。這個(gè)汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障一般是由于萬(wàn)向節(jié)十字軸與軸承磨損松曠、傳動(dòng)軸中間軸承磨損、中間橡膠支承損壞或吊架松動(dòng)，或是由于吊架固定的位置不對(duì)所致。
6×4汽車在重負(fù)荷時(shí)，特別在行駛顛簸中偶爾發(fā)出敲擊聲，應(yīng)注意檢查中后橋平衡軸是否變位而與傳動(dòng)軸發(fā)生干涉。汽車運(yùn)行中若隨著車速的增高而噪聲增大，并且伴隨有抖動(dòng)，這個(gè)汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障一般是由于傳動(dòng)軸失去平衡所致。這種振動(dòng)在駕駛室內(nèi)感覺(jué)最為明顯。傳動(dòng)軸動(dòng)平衡的不平衡量應(yīng)小于100g.cm。
傳動(dòng)軸動(dòng)平衡失效嚴(yán)重會(huì)導(dǎo)致相關(guān)部件的損壞。最常見(jiàn)的汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障是離合器殼裂紋和中間橡膠支承的疲勞損壞。傳動(dòng)軸中間吊架的安裝在維修中十分重要。如果吊架安裝位置不當(dāng)，會(huì)增加傳動(dòng)軸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)阻力和噪聲，導(dǎo)致軸承的早期損壞。這類汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障發(fā)生概率非常大，那么解決這個(gè)汽車傳動(dòng)軸常見(jiàn)故障的做法是：在重新安裝吊架時(shí)，首先將吊架固定螺栓不要擰緊，將汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)輪用千斤頂支離地面，掛低速檔，慢慢旋轉(zhuǎn)傳動(dòng)軸使傳動(dòng)軸和吊架自動(dòng)找正，然后再將吊架固定螺栓擰緊。