【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】廢舊輪胎資源綜合利用技術

【機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯】廢舊輪胎資源綜合利用技術,機械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對照文獻翻譯,機械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對照,對比,比照,文獻,翻譯,廢舊,輪胎,資源,綜合利用,技術 附錄 I 廢舊輪胎資源綜合利用技術 摘要：據統(tǒng)計，目前全世界每年有15億條輪胎報廢，其中北美大約4億條，西歐近2億條，日本1億條[1～5]。如何將廢舊輪胎資源化、減量化、無害化，不僅關系到環(huán)境保護這個重要的社會問題，而且還關系到持續(xù)發(fā)展這一全球性的戰(zhàn)略問題。 關鍵詞：鋼線子午線輪胎 捕雨系統(tǒng) 膠粉 熱分解 汽車給人們帶來了交通便利，公路運輸促進了國民經濟的發(fā)展。但我們在享受便利和品嘗經濟發(fā)展的成果時，不得不面對日益增多的廢舊輪胎。據統(tǒng)計，目前全世界每年有15億條輪胎報廢，其中北美大約4億條，西歐近2億條，日本1億條[1～5]。如何將廢舊輪胎資源化、減量化、無害化，不僅關系到環(huán)境保護這個重要的社會問題，而且還關系到持續(xù)發(fā)展這一全球性的戰(zhàn)略問題。 合理處置廢舊輪胎，長期以來一直是環(huán)境保護的難題。在上世紀90年代，世界各國最普遍的做法是對廢舊輪胎進行掩埋或堆放。以美國為例，1992年廢舊輪胎掩埋/堆放率達到63%[1,5]。但隨著地價上漲，征用土地用作掩埋/堆放場所越來越困難。另一方面，廢舊輪胎大量堆積，極易引起火災，造成第二次公害。隨著科學技術進步，世界各國紛紛積極開辟廢舊輪胎綜合利用新途徑。尤其是近些年來，公眾的環(huán)境保護意識日益增強，利用廢舊資源培育新型產業(yè)，實現(xiàn)經濟可持續(xù)性發(fā)展成了世界各國的共識。目前廢舊輪胎的綜合利用途徑有翻新、原形改制、熱能利用、熱分解、再生膠、膠粉等。 一、輪胎翻新[2,5～9] 翻新是利用廢舊輪胎的主要方式和最佳選擇。將已經磨損的、不能使用的廢舊輪胎的外層削去，粘貼上膠料，再進行硫化，即可得到能夠重新使用的翻新胎。在使用、保養(yǎng)良好的條件下，一條輪胎可以翻新多次，具體地說，尼龍簾線輪胎可翻新2～3次，鋼線子午線輪胎可翻新3～6次。每翻新一次，可重新獲得相當于新輪胎壽命60～90％的使用壽命，平均里程大約為5～7萬公里。通過多次翻新，至少可使輪胎的總壽命延長1～2倍，換句話說，一條輪胎經過多次翻新后起碼相當于2～3條輪胎。而翻新一條廢舊輪胎所消耗的原材料只相當于生產一條同規(guī)格新輪胎的15～30％，價格僅為新輪胎的20～50％。 由于翻新保持了輪胎的原始物性和形狀，耗用的能源和人工都較少，但卻達到了物盡其用的目的，所以被普遍認為是廢舊輪胎最有效的利用方法。另一方面，其他綜合利用方法，譬如生產再生膠、膠粉、熱分解、熱能利用等均或多或少在能源消耗、成本、污染方面存在一些問題，相比之下，廢舊輪胎翻新具有明顯的優(yōu)勢，所以歷來倍受重視。 輪胎翻新最早始于1907年的英國，在1933年后傳入中國。傳統(tǒng)的翻新工藝是熱硫化法，該法目前仍是我國翻胎業(yè)的主導工藝，但在美國、法國、日本等發(fā)達國家已逐漸遭淘汰。最先進的翻新工藝是環(huán)狀胎面預硫化法，它由意大利馬朗貢尼（Marangoni）集團于上世紀70年代研發(fā)并于1973年投放市場。該集團是一家既制造輪胎翻新設備和檢驗設備，同時又從事輪胎翻新生產的跨國公司。與馬朗貢尼齊名的還有美國奔達可（Bandag）公司，該公司自上世紀80年代投身輪胎翻新業(yè)以來，每年營業(yè)額均在30億美元以上。近年來崛起的后起之秀是米其林輪胎翻新技術公司（MRTI），它是排在世界輪胎業(yè)前三名的法國米其林集團設在北美地區(qū)的一家子公司。MRTI擁有兩項專利技術：預硫化翻新（Recamic）技術和熱硫化翻新（Remix）技術。通過實行兩條腿走路的方針，即自辦輪胎翻新廠與向其他輪胎翻新廠出讓技術使用權相結合，MRTI業(yè)已建立起龐大的輪胎翻新網絡。該網絡目前擁有40多間MRTI翻胎廠和37間加盟翻胎廠。只要交上2.5萬美元并與MRTI簽署五年合約，即可成為MRTI的加盟翻胎廠，享受由MRTI租借翻胎生產設備和提供翻胎生產技術的服務。MRTI的興起已經嚴重影響到奔達可在北美地區(qū)近百年的壟斷地位。 美國60％以上的廢舊輪胎得到翻新，歐共體規(guī)定2000年廢舊輪胎的25％必須得到翻新，而我國與先進國家存在較大的差距，目前得到翻新的廢舊輪胎還不到10％。 二、原形改制[3,5,9,10,11] 原形改制是通過捆綁、裁剪、沖切等方式，將廢舊輪胎改造成有利用價值的物品。最常見的是用作碼頭和船舶的護舷、沉入海底充當人工魚礁、用作航標燈的漂浮燈塔等。 美國每年產生廢舊輪胎2.5億條，通過原形改制可使其中的500～600萬條變廢為寶。柵網墊排公司收集廢舊輪胎，用切割機分離胎圈與胎身，再根據需要將胎身裁成不同尺寸的膠條，用這些膠條編織成彈性防護網、防撞擋壁、防滑墊排等。彈性防護網供建筑、爆破工地擋飛石落物；防撞擋壁供保護船塢用；防滑墊用來臨時加固路面，使重型車輛順利通過泥濘地帶。從廢舊輪胎上截取下來的胎圈，還可以被加工成排污管道出售。 美國康涅狄格州許多居民有將廢舊輪胎代替地下管道使用的好習慣。他們將廢舊輪胎豎立相疊，排成一列埋入地下，經固定充當泄洪暗渠，也相當經濟實用。 美國加利福尼亞州一位娛樂業(yè)老板發(fā)明了利用廢舊輪胎改制成的“捕雨系統(tǒng)”，節(jié)約高爾夫球場草坪灌溉費用的技術，并為此而申請了專利。所謂“捕雨系統(tǒng)”也就是將廢舊輪胎從中間破開一分為二，然后埋入高爾夫球場草坪深一英尺的地下。遇天下雨時，雨水聚積在半個輪胎內，不至于滲漏流失，保證有充足水分供草根吸收，從而減少灌溉次數。鋪滿一個標準的18穴高爾夫球場，大概要用120萬條廢舊輪胎，一年可節(jié)約灌溉費用1～7萬美元。 日本有人發(fā)明了用廢舊輪胎固坡。具體做法是：將廢舊輪胎整齊地擺放在坡面上，然后用水泥澆灌空隙，使廢舊輪胎與坡面連成整體。這種方法不僅節(jié)約水泥，而且增強了坡面的堅固程度，同時又消耗了廢舊輪胎，其好處何止一舉兩得。 法國技術人員用廢舊輪胎建筑“綠色消音墻”，使用證明吸音效果極佳，音頻在250～2000Hz的噪音可被吸收掉85％。其具體做法是：沿直徑將廢舊輪胎剖成對稱的兩半，然后將其傾斜20°層層疊放，再在墻外罩以金屬格柵作為防火護板。之所以需要傾斜20°擺放，主要是方便排水，避免飄入的雨水積存在輪胎內滋生蚊蟲。 與其他綜合利用途徑相比，原形改制是一種非常有價值的回收利用方法，它在耗費能源和人工較少的情況下使廢舊輪胎物盡其用，而且給人們提供了充分發(fā)揮想象力的空間以及大膽實踐的機會。但該方法消耗的廢舊輪胎量并不大，所以只能當作是一種輔助途徑。 三、熱能利用[1,2,4,12,13] 廢舊輪胎是一種高熱值材料，其每公斤的發(fā)熱量分別比木材高69%、、比煙煤高10%、比焦炭高4%。熱能利用就是用廢舊輪胎代替燃料使用。一是直接燃燒回收熱能，此法雖然簡單，但會造成大氣污染，不宜提倡；二是將廢舊輪胎破碎，然后按一定比例與各種可燃廢舊物混合，配制成固體垃圾燃料（RDF），供高爐噴吹代替煤、油和焦炭，供水泥回轉窯代替煤以及火力發(fā)電用。同時，該法還有副產品——炭黑生成，經活化后可作為補強劑再次用于橡膠制品生產。 如今在美國、日本以及歐洲許多國家，有不少水泥廠、發(fā)電廠、造紙廠、鋼鐵廠和冶煉廠都在用廢舊輪胎作燃料，效果非常好，不僅降低了生產成本，而且從根本上解決了廢舊輪胎引起的環(huán)境污染問題。對水泥廠而言，廢舊輪胎中的鋼絲簾線和胎圈鋼絲正好代替制造水泥所需的鐵礦石成份，也就是說用廢舊輪胎焙燒水泥，可以少加或不加鐵礦石，這真是一物二用，何樂而不為呢？ 在所有綜合利用途徑中，熱能利用是目前能夠最大量地消耗廢舊輪胎的唯一途徑，此是其一；由于輪胎是橡膠、鋼絲、纖維等多種不同材料的復合體，這就增加了回收利用的難度，像制造膠粉就必須先對廢舊輪胎進行預處理，將輪胎中的橡膠部分和鋼絲、纖維部分分離，而熱能利用則無此要求，此是其二；其三是相對于其他綜合利用途徑，熱能利用的設備投資最少。因此，近年來熱能利用已逐漸引起各國政府和環(huán)保組織的重視，被認為是處理廢舊輪胎的最好辦法，從而被確定為今后綜合利用廢舊輪胎的重點發(fā)展方向。相信不出三五年，熱能利用將在廢舊輪胎綜合利用中占據主導地位。 四、再生膠[4,5,9,13] 通過化學方法，使廢舊輪胎橡膠脫硫，得到再生橡膠是綜合利用廢舊輪胎最古老的方法。最早可追溯到1847年，有人發(fā)明了用松節(jié)油和廢硫化橡膠一同煮沸脫硫的方法，得到世界第一批再生膠。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，各國都面臨不同程度的橡膠資源匱乏。為彌補不足，各國大力發(fā)展再生膠生產，新工藝、新技術不斷涌現(xiàn)，生產自動化程度逐漸提高，再生膠行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了空前興旺的景象。這段時間是再生膠工業(yè)的鼎盛時期。二戰(zhàn)結束后，天然橡膠短缺得到緩解，尤其是合成橡膠開始大規(guī)模工業(yè)化生產后，再生膠作為橡膠代用品的地位被完全動搖，退居為膠料的配合劑，再生膠生產量、耗用量逐年下降，再生膠市場一年比一年萎縮。可以說，如果天然橡膠和合成橡膠的價格不提高到足以令再生橡膠具有明顯的經濟效益的話，再生膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展今后很難重新振興。 特別是近些年來，隨著全球環(huán)保之風愈吹愈烈，再生膠工業(yè)的諸多劣勢，譬如工藝復雜，耗費能源多，生產過程污染環(huán)境，造成第二次公害等愈加引起公眾關注。另一方面，與橡膠相比，再生膠由于性能欠佳，應用范圍受到限制。因此，發(fā)達國家早已逐年削減再生膠產量，有計劃地關閉再生膠廠，用生產膠粉來取代制造再生膠，再生膠工業(yè)興旺發(fā)達的時代已一去不復返了。 目前采用的再生膠生產技術有動態(tài)脫硫再生法（恩格爾科法）、常溫再生法、低溫再生法（TCR法）、低溫相轉移催化脫硫法、微波再生法、幅射再生法和壓出再生法。 再生膠的主要用途是在橡膠制品生產中，按一定比例摻入膠料，一來取代一小部分生膠，以降低產品成本，二來改善膠料加工性能。摻有再生膠的膠料可制造各種橡膠制品。再生膠在輪胎中的用量一般為5％，在工業(yè)制品中的用量一般為10～20％，在鞋跟、鞋底等低檔制品中的用量一般可達到40％左右。 五、膠粉[2,13～15] 通過機械方式將廢舊輪胎粉碎后得到的粉末狀物質就是膠粉，其生產工藝有常溫粉碎法、低溫冷凍粉碎法、水沖擊法等。顧名思義，低溫冷凍粉碎法就是利用冷媒（通常是液氮）將廢舊輪胎冷凍到低于膠料中的高聚物的玻璃化溫度Tg值以下（譬如天然橡膠或丁苯橡膠為－90～－67℃），使其脆化后再進行粉碎。這樣得到的膠粉，粒度細，流動性好，而且具有一系列常溫粉碎膠粉所不具備的特點。 與再生膠相比，膠粉無須脫硫，所以生產過程耗費能源少，工藝較再生膠簡單得多，不排放廢水、廢氣污染環(huán)境，而且膠粉性能優(yōu)異，用途極其廣泛。通過生產膠粉來回收廢舊輪胎是集環(huán)保與資源再利用于一體的很有前途的方式，這也是發(fā)達國家摒棄再生膠生產，將廢舊輪胎利用重點由再生膠轉向膠粉和開辟其他利用領域的根源。有專家預言，制造膠粉有望成為排在翻新、熱能利用之后的第三種主要途徑。 膠粉有許多重要用途，譬如摻入膠料中可代替部分生膠，降低產品成本；活化膠粉或改性膠粉可用來制造各種橡膠制品（汽車輪胎、汽車配件、運輸帶、擋泥板、防塵罩、鞋底和鞋芯、彈性磚、圈和墊等等）；與瀝青或水泥混合，用于公路建設和房屋建筑；與塑料并用可制作防水卷材、農用節(jié)水滲灌管、消音板和地板、水管和油管、包裝材料、框架、周轉箱、浴缸、水箱；制作涂料、油漆和粘合劑；生產活性炭。 據外刊報道，美國霍華德大學研究人員用膠粉制成膠板，然后將膠板粘貼在鐵板上代替水泥墻作高速公路隔音墻。據介紹，一道長1.6公里、高8米的隔音墻可消耗6萬條廢舊輪胎。這種隔音墻的制造成本與水泥墻相仿，但隔音效果要比水泥墻好得多。皆因橡膠具有滯后性能，所以其吸收噪音的能力比水泥強。 美國還用膠粉制造下水道蓋板和街道窨井蓋，既降低了市政工程投資，又減少了廢舊輪胎對環(huán)境的污染。而日本則將膠粉大量用于制造分別具有安全性、透水性、柔軟的步行感和耐水性等不同功能的橡膠墊、體育場館地板材料、游泳池護緣、擦字橡皮等，產品不僅成本低，而且易著色。據說，底層為沙石、表層為膠粉的復合地磚，其使用壽命可長達50年。 近幾年來，膠粉應用在我國也得到長足進展，已有多家機構開發(fā)出多種實用技術。北京中創(chuàng)新技術研究中心就是其中的一例。該中心用膠粉生產彩色彈性地磚取得成功，并已申請國家專利。這種地磚無毒、無污染、防滑、防霉、防火、耐磨、輕質、抗老化，吸收沖擊能力強，具有適合人行走、運動所需的最佳磨擦系數，不僅外觀典雅，腳感舒適，而且成本較低，鋪設方便，可廣泛用于廣場、公園、人行通道、體育場、泳池、家庭衛(wèi)生間、露臺、微機房以及其他各種器械運動場地和公共場所的地面鋪設。相信在未來的城鎮(zhèn)道路和公共場館建設中，這種新型地磚必將大有用武之地，同時這類新技術亦可望成為新的投資熱點。 回收利用廢棄物其實是一項系統(tǒng)工程。不僅要求在將廢棄物轉化成新資源時成本要低，不要產生新的污染源，而且還要求由廢棄物轉化過來的新資源是可用的，最好是能夠被大量地使用和消費，否則將造成新的資源積壓和浪費，無法形成“變廢為寶”的良性循環(huán)。粉碎廢舊輪胎生產膠粉也不例外。為達到上述目的，世界各國近年來一直在積極拓展膠粉應用范圍，鍥而不舍地尋找新的用途。 膠粉與瀝青共混得到改性瀝青，將其用于公路建設是最近10年間世界各國的重點發(fā)展方向。膠粉摻入到瀝青中，可提高瀝青的韌性，而且由于能夠吸收瀝青中的油蠟，減少了游離蠟含量，從而使瀝青對溫度的敏感性下降。用膠粉改性瀝青鋪設的路面比普通瀝青路面更耐用，低噪音，少產生裂紋，耐候性更好，壽命長一倍，嚴寒天氣不易結冰。據介紹，用膠粉改性瀝青鋪設一條雙向高等級公路，每公里路面可消耗1萬條廢舊輪胎制成的膠粉。從上世紀90年代開始，以美國為首的西方國家紛紛以立法形式，鼓勵或強制在公路修建中使用膠粉。如美國國會于1991年通過的《陸上綜合運輸經濟法案（ISTEA）》就明文規(guī)定，從1994年起凡用聯(lián)邦撥款采購熱拌瀝青混合料的，其中5％的撥款必須用來采購膠粉改性瀝青，以后每年遞增5％，到1997年增加到20％。該法案出臺后，從根本上推進了膠粉在公路修建中的應用。到上世紀末，美國鋪設的膠粉改性瀝青路面已超過1.1萬公里。此外日本、俄羅斯、加拿大、瑞典、韓國、芬蘭等亦已成功地將膠粉改性瀝青用于修建高速或高等級公路。 近年來，我國每年修建公路需消耗多達200～300萬噸的瀝青，公路維護保養(yǎng)所消耗的瀝青還不包括在內。若在瀝青中摻入15％的膠粉，則每年可消耗膠粉30～40萬噸。其結果必然是既不用進口昂貴的SBS改性瀝青，又疏通了膠粉的消費渠道，使國內自有資源得到充分的利用，扶持了膠粉生產企業(yè)的發(fā)展，促進了廢舊輪胎的回收利用。 六、熱分解[2,4,9,12,15] 熱分解就是用高溫加熱廢舊輪胎，促使其分解成油、可燃氣體、碳粉。熱分解所得的油與商業(yè)燃油特性相近，可用于直接燃燒或與石油提取的燃油混合后使用，也可以用作橡膠加工軟化劑。熱分解所得的可燃氣體主要由氫和甲烷等組成，可作燃料使用，也可以就地燃燒供熱分解過程的需要。熱分解所得的碳粉可代替炭黑使用，或經處理后制成特種吸附劑。這種吸附劑對水中污物，尤其是水銀等有毒金屬有極強的濾清作用。此外，熱分解產物還有廢鋼絲。 最近英國研究人員對傳統(tǒng)熱分解技術進行了改革，由先前的有氧條件變?yōu)闊o氧狀態(tài)，進一步提高了分解產物的經濟價值，從而使該技術具有更廣闊的應用前景。 據美國的一份資料介紹，利用熱分解技術處理廢舊輪胎，每分解4條輪胎，可獲得3美元利潤。但熱分解目前存在的設備投資大、操作費用高的問題仍然有待解決，否則勢必妨礙該法的推廣和擴大使用。 七、結語 輪胎工業(yè)的原材料在很大程度上依賴于石油，特別是在天然橡膠資源缺乏、大量使用合成橡膠和合成纖維的國家，70％以上的原材料是以石油為基礎。在美國，每生產1條乘用輪胎要消耗26升石油，每生產1條載重輪胎要消耗106升石油?？梢哉f，不管以何種方式利用廢舊輪胎，其最終結果都是提高了石油的利用價值，在目前能源日趨緊張的形勢下，回收利用廢舊輪胎對節(jié)約能源具有重大意義。我國是一個橡膠消費大國，2000年汽車輪胎產量就達到7828萬條，廢舊輪胎日益增多，已成為亟待解決的問題。如不未雨綢繆，及早治理，必將給城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境帶來不良影響。勿庸置疑，努力開發(fā)各種處理廢舊輪胎的新技術、新工藝，對充分利用再生資源，減少環(huán)境污染，改善人類的生存環(huán)境具有積極意義。 參考文獻： 1、 廢變寶公司 簡論我國廢舊橡膠粉現(xiàn)狀與未來 再生資源研究 2001 2、 聶永豐等 三廢處理工程技術手冊 北京 化學工業(yè)出版社 2000 附錄 II Old tires resource utilization technologies Name : Long Hua Units: mechanical 02-5 Ban 9th Abstract: According to statistics, there are currently 1.5 billion worldwide each year, spent tyres, North America about 400 million, nearly 200 million, Western Europe, Japan, [1~5] 100 million. How old tyres of resources, reductions of, the sound of, not only related to the environmental protection of this important social problem, but also related to the sustainable development of the global strategy. Keyword: Telegraph meridian tyres catch stormwater system Jiaofen thermal decomposition Motor brought traffic facilities, road transport for the development of the national economy. But we enjoy the facilities and taste the results of economic development, had to face a growing number of old tyres.According to statistics, there are currently 1.5 billion worldwide each year, spent tyres, North America about 400 million, nearly 200 million, Western Europe, Japan, [1~5] 100 million. How old tyres of resources, reductions of, the sound of, not only related to the environmental protection of this important social problem, but also related to the sustainable development of the global strategy. Reasonable disposition of old tires, environmental protection has long been a problem. In the 1990s, the world is the most common practices of old tyres for burial or stowage. In the United States, for example, old tires buried 1992 / stowage rate 63%[1,5]. However, as land prices rise, the expropriation of land for burial / stowage places increasingly difficult. On the other hand, a large number of old tires piled up, could easily trigger fires, resulting in the second hazard. Along with scientific and technological progress, the nations of the world have actively open up new avenues of old tires use. Especially in recent years, growing public awareness of environmental protection, the use of waste resources to nurture new industries, economic sustainable development has become the world in 1992. Currently the cost for a renovation of old tires, prototype restructuring, the use of heat, thermal decomposition, renewable plastic, Jiaofen. One, tyres renovation [2,5~9] Renovation of the main ways is to use old tires and the best choice. Will have wear and tear, can not use the old tyres outer cut, paste, glue, another alum, will be able to re-use renovation births. In the use and maintenance of good conditions, a number of tyres can be refurbished, specifically, nylon tyres can Lianxian renovation 2~3 times Telegraph meridian tyres may renovation 3~6 times. Each refurbished one can regain the equivalent new tyre life 60~90% useful life, the average mileage of about 10,000 km 5~7. Through repeated renovation, extension of life expectancy at least allow tyres total 1~2 times, in other words, a tyre through several refurbished minimum of the equivalent of 2~3 tyres. And the renovation of an old tyres only to the production of a raw material consumed with the specifications 15~30% new tyres, new tyres for the 20~50% prices. The renovation maintained the original objects and shapes tyres, the consumption of energy and have less artificial, but to make the best use of a purpose, is generally regarded as the most effective use of old tyres. On the other hand, uses methods such as the production of renewable plastic, Jiaofen, thermal decomposition, all more or less in the use of thermal energy consumption, cost, pollution exist some problems, compared with the refurbishment of old tires obvious advantages, it has always attracted attention. Tire renovation began in 1907 the first British in 1933 after entering China. The renovation process is the traditional hot sulphide law, which still remained the country's leading crafts industry through births, but in the United States, France, Japan and other developed countries have gradually been eliminated. The renovation process is the most advanced pre sulphide cyclic pattern law, which the Italian Maran Gongni (solid) groups in the 1970s developed and put on the market in 1973. The Group is a renovation of both manufacturing equipment and testing equipment tyres, while the transnational corporations engaged in the production of tyres renovation. And the United States are anxious to share the honor Malanggongni (Bandag) company since the 1980s in tyres renovation industry has an annual turnover is under 30 million. In recent years, rising up-and-coming talent is Mijilin tyres renovation Technology Corporation (MRTI), which is ranked top in the world tyre industry Mijilin group based in France, a subsidiary of the North American region. MRTI has two patented technologies : pre sulphide renovation (Recamic) technical renovation and hot sulphide (Remix) technology. Through the imposition of walking on two legs approach, running tyres refurbished plant and transferring technology to other plants the right to use tyres renovation combined MRTI has built a huge network of tyres renovation. The network now has more than 40 factories and 37-MRTI through births between joining through births plant. As long as friends and MRTI 25,000 U.S. dollars and signed a five-year contract, the union could become MRTI through births plant enjoyment by MRTI leased through births production equipment and technical services provided through births. MRTI has been seriously affected by the rise in the North American region for nearly 100 years discussing monopoly. 60% of waste tyres are American renovation, the EC provided 25% of 2000 waste tyres must be renovated, and my presence larger gap with the advanced countries, which is now being refurbished old tires less than 10%. Second, the Company restructured [3,5,9,10,11] Company tied up through restructuring, tailoring, Chongqie way, old tires into usable items. The most common is for the pier and ship fenders, the land sank to the bottom of the sea to serve as artificial reefs, as a floating buoy lights beacon. 250 million scrap tires generated annually America, through restructuring will enable the Company changed 500~600 million spent for Po. Ring network pad platoon companies collect old tires, and used cutting machines separation births are births circle, then according to the needs of different sizes of plastic births are cut as with the flexible plastic woven into protective net, crash barriers block wall, non-slippery cushion platoon. Flexible protective network for the construction, flying rock blasting site turned up materials. Crash barriers block wall for the protection of shipyards; Skid - proof pad for the temporary reinforcement of the road so that heavy vehicles pass muddy strip. From old tyres down on the interception of births circle, but also can be processed into outfall sale. Connecticut, many U.S. residents will use old tires to replace underground piping good habits. They will be worn tyres erected cons, alighted buried in the ground, as fixed by flood carrying culverts, are also quite economical and practical. USA California invented a boss using old tyres entertainment industry restructuring into "catch stormwater system," the cost savings golf course lawn irrigation technology, and thus apply for a patent. The so-called "catch stormwater system" that is to be broken up among the old tires from one into two, and then buried in a golf course lawn feet deep underground. In the world of rain, rainwater accumulated in the first half of tyres, so leakage wastage, and ensure adequate moisture for grass-roots absorb, thereby reducing the frequency of irrigation. Top of a standard 18 hole golf course, about 1.2 million of scrap tyres have a year to save irrigation costs 1~7 million. It was invented by Japan's old tyres while slope. Practice is : to be worn tyres were placed in the surface, and then use cement irrigation gaps so that old tires and even into the overall depth. This approach not only save cement, and reinforced the solid surface level, while consumption of old tires, its benefits In addition to killing two birds with one stone. French technicians using old tyres building "green fabric walls", the use of sound-absorbing effect that the excellent audio in 250~2000Hz noise can be absorbed into 85%. The specific practices are : Split along diameter will be worn tyres symmetrical two and a half, and then in favor of 20 meridian east at its height, and then cover with metal grilles in the wall panels as fire protection. The need to display more 20 meridian east, mainly to facilitate drainage and to avoid floating into the rain-breeding of mosquitoes in tires. Compared with other integrated way, prototype restructuring is a very valuable recycling methods, which consume less energy and labour conditions to make the best use of waste tyres, but will provide the space imaginatively and boldly practice opportunities. However, the method of consumption waste tyres are not large, so only as a supplementary means. Third, the use of thermal [1,2,4,12,13] Old tires is a high fever value materials, the Fat calories per kg, respectively, 69% higher than wood, and 10% higher than bituminous coal, coke higher than 4%. Heat is used to replace worn tires fuel use. First, direct burning heat recovery, the law is simple, but will cause air pollution, it advocates; Second, old tyres broken, and then by a certain proportion of combustible waste material and mixed solid waste into fuel preparation (RDF), for furnace Penchui replace coal, oil and coke, and coal for cement Huizhuanyao replace coal. At the same time, there are by-products of the law -- black generation, as shown by the active agent can again for rubber production. Today in the United States, Japan and many European countries, many plants, power plants, paper mills, steel mills and smelters in using old tires as fuel, and the effect was very good, not only reduced production costs, but fundamentally solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by old tires. Of the plant, the steel wire Lianxian old tyres and steel wire births circle of iron ore is required to replace cement manufacturing components, namely the use of old tyres roast cement, less plus or without iron ore, which is really a two objects used, why? In all integrated way, the heat is used to the greatest exertion old tyres only way to survey the plot, this is one; The tyres are rubber, steel wool, fibre and other various materials complex, which increased the difficulty of recycling, as it must be to create Jiaofen old tires for processing, rubber tyres, parts and steel wire, fibre segment separation, and no use of the heat, this is the second; Third, relative to other sources means the use of thermal equipment investment minimum. Therefore, the use of heat in recent years have gradually aroused the attention of Governments and environmental groups, is considered the best way to deal with old tyres, thus identified as the focus of future use old tyres direction. I believe no 1935, the use of heat sources in old tyres occupy the leading position. Four, renewable plastic [4,5,9,13] Through chemical methods for waste tyres rubber desulfurization from renewable resources old rubber tyres is the oldest method. The earliest dating back to 1847, it was invented by turpentine and spent sulphide rubber to boiling desulfurization method is the first in the world of renewable plastic. During the Second World War, countries are facing varying degrees of rubber scarce resources. To remedy deficiencies and develop renewable plastic production countries, the new processes, new technologies are emerging, gradually increase the degree of automation of production, renewable plastic industry has experienced unprecedented prosperity picture. Period is the peak period of renewable plastic industry. After the end of World War II, natural rubber shortages eased, particularly large-scale industrialization began production of synthetic rubber, plastic renewable status as a rubber substitutes were completely shaken, were pushed into the match agents to glue, renewable plastic production, consumption dropped, renewable plastic market and make them shrink. It can be said that if the price of natural rubber and synthetic rubber not raise enough to make a clear economic benefits of renewable rubber, plastic industrial development in the future is renewable revitalization. Especially in recent years, with the increasingly global environmental winds blowing more, the many disadvantages of renewable plastic industries, such as crafts complex, multi-energy, production processes pollute the environment, causing pollution, the second increasingly have caused public concern. On the other hand, compared with rubber, plastic Because renewable poor performance, application is limited in scope. Thus, the developed countries have gradually reduce its output of renewable plastic, systematic closure of renewable plastic plant used to replace manufacturing production Jiaofen renewable plastic, plastic industry renewable prosperity era has gone forever. Plastic currently used renewable production technologies dynamics desulfurization renewable Fran