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二、The injection and Compression Molding
Injection molding si principally used for the production of the thermoplastic parts, although some progress has been made in developing a method for injection molding some thermosetting materials. The problem of injecting a melted plastic into a mold cavity form a reservoir of melted material has been extremely difficult to solve for thermosetting plastics which cure and harden under such conditions within a few minutes. The principle of injection molding is quite similar to that of die-casting. The process consists of feeding a plastic compound in powdered or granular form from a hopper through metering and melting stages and then injecting it into a mold. After a brief coolling period, the mold is opened and the solidified part ejected. Injection-molding machines can be arranged for manual operation, automatic single-cucle operation, and full automatic operation. The advantage of injection molding are:
(i) a high molding speed adapted for mass production is possible;
(ii) there is a wide choice of thermoplastic materials providing a variety of usefull properties;
(iii) it is possible to mold threads, undercuts, side holes, and large thin sections.
Several methods are used to force or inject the melted plastic into the mold. The most commonly used system in the larger machines is the in-line reciprocating screw.The screw acts as a combination and plasticizing unit.As the plastic is fed to the rotating screw,it passes through three zones as shown: feed,compression, and metering. After the feed zone, the screw-flight depth is gradually reduced,forcing the plastic to compress. The work is converted to heat by shearing the plastic, making it a semifluid mass. In the metering zone, additional heat is applied by conduction from the barrel surface. As the chamber in front of the screw becomes filled, it forces the screw back, tripping a limit switch that activates a hydraulic cylinder that forces the screw forward and injects the fluid plastic into the closed mold.An antiflowback valve prevents plastic under pressure from escaping back into the screw flights.
The clamping force that a machine is capable of exerting is part of the size designation and is measured in tons. A rule-of-thumb can be used to determine the tonnage required for a particular job. It is based on two tons of clamp force per square inch of projected area. If the flow pattern is difficult and the parts are thin,this may have to go to three or four tons.
Many reciprocating - screw machines are capable of handing thermosetting plastic materials.Previously these materials were handled by compression or transfer molding.Thermosetting materials cure or polymerize in the mold and are ejected hot in the range of 375℃~410℃.Thermoplastic parts must be allowed to cool in the mold in order to remove them without distortion.Thus thermosetting cycles can be faster.Of course the mold must be heated rather than chilled,as with thermoplastics.
The importance of Injecting the mold are :
⑴、Plastics have the density small, the quality light, the specific tenacity big, the insulating property good, the dielectric loss low, the chemical stability strong, the formation productivity high and the price inexpensive and so on the merits, obtained day by day the widespread application in the national economy and people's daily life each domain, as early as in the beginning of 1990s, the plastic annual output already surpassed the steel and iron and the non-ferrous metal annual output sum total according to the volume computation.In mechanical and electrical (for example so-called black electrical appliances), domains and so on measuring appliance, chemical, the automobile and astronautics aviation, the plastic has become the metal the good substitution material, had the metal material plastic tendency.
⑵、Take the automobile industry as the example , as a result of the automobile lightweight, the low energy consumption development request, the automobile spare part material constitution occurred obviously has modelled the band steel the change, at present our country automobile plastic accounts for 5% which the automobile was self-possessed to 6%, but overseas has reached 13%, forecast according to the expert, the automobile plastic bicycle amount used will also be able further to increase.On modern vehicles, regardless of is outside installs the assorted items, the internal installation assorted items, the function and the structural element, all may use the plastic material, outside installs the assorted items to have the bumper, the fender, the wheel hub cap, the air deflector and so on; After the internal installation assorted items have in the display board, the vehicle door the board, the vice-display board, the sundry goods box lid, the chair, the guard shield and so on; The function and the structural element have the fuel tank, the radiator header, the spatial filter hood, the fan blade and so on.Statistics have indicated, our country in 2000 automobile output more than 200 ten thousand, the vehicle amounted to 1,380,000 tons with the plastic.Looked from the domestic and foreign automobile plastic application situation that, the automobile plastic amount used already became one of weight automobile production technical level symbols.
⑶、Injection of a molding formation as plastic workpiece most effective formation methods because may by one time take shape each kind of structure complex, the size precise and has the metal to inlay a product, and the formation cycle is short, may by mold multi-cavities, the productivity be high, when mass productions the cost isvery inexpensive, easy to realize the automated production, therefore holds the extremely important status in the plastic processing profession.Statistics have indicated, plastic mold composition all molds (including metal pattern) 38.2%, the plastic product gross weight about 32% is uses in injecting the formation, 80% above engineering plastics product all must use the injection formation way production. 4. counts according to the customs, our country in 2000 altogether imported mold 977,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 550,000,000 US dollars, occupied for 56.3%,2001 years altogether to import mold 1,112,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 616,000,000 US dollars, accounted for 55.4%.From the variety, the import volume biggest is the plastic molding forms.
⑷、Counts according to the customs, our country in 2000 altogether imported mold 977,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 550,000,000 US dollars, occupied for 56.3%, 2001 years altogether to import mold 1,112,000,000 US dollars, in which plastic molding forms altogether 616,000,000 US dollars, accounted for 55.4%.From the variety, the import volume biggest is the plastic molding forms.
In compression molding the palstic material as powder or preforms is placed into a heated steel mold cavity,Since the parting surface is in a horizontal plane ,the upper half of the mold descends vertically.It closes the mold cavity and pressures for a predetermined period.A pressure of from 2 to 3 tons square inch and a temperaure at approximately 350F converts the plastic to a semiliquid which flows to all parts of the mold cavity.Usually from 1 to 15 minutes is required for curing,altough a recently developed alkyd plastic will cure in less than 25 secends. The mold is then opended and the molded part removed.If metal insers are desired in the parts,they should be placed in the mold cavity on pins or in the holes before the plastic is loaded.Also, the preforms should be preheated before loading into the mold cavity to eliminate gases,inprove flow,and decrease curing time.Dieletric heating is a convenient method of heating the preforms.
Since the plastic material is placed directly into the mold cavity,the mold itself can be simpler than those used for other molding precesses.Gates and sprues are unnecessary.This also results in a saving in material,because trimmed-off gates and sprues would be a complete loss of the thermosetting plastic.The press require the full attention of one operator.However,several smaller presses can be operated by one operator. The presses are conveniently located so the operator can easilymove from one to the next.By the time he gets around to a particular press again,that mold will be ready to open.the thermosetting plastics which harden under heat and pressure are suitable for compression molding and transfer molding.It is not practical to moid shermoplastic materials by these methods,since the molds would have to be alternately heated and cooled.In order to harden and eject thermoplastic parts form the mold,cooling would be necessary.
Types of molds for compression molding.The molds used for compression molding are classified into four basic types, namely ,positive molds,landed positive mold,flash-type molds,and semipositive molds.In a positive mold the plunger on the upper mold enters the lower mold cavity.since there are no lands or stops on the lower die ,the plunger completely trap the plastic material and descends with full pressure on the charge.A dense part with good electrical and physical properties is produced.The amount of plastic placed in the die cavity must be accurately measured,since it determines the thickness of the part .A landed positive mold is similar to a positive mold except that lands are added to stop the travel of the plunger at predetermined point.In this case,the lands absorb some of the pressure that should be exerted on the parts.The thickness of the parts will be accurately controlled,but the density may vary cansideraby.In a flash-type mold,flash redges are added ti the top and bottom molds.As the upper mold exerts pressure on the plastic,excess material is forced out between the flash ridges where it forms flash.This flash is further compressed.becomes hardened,and finally stops the downard thavel of the upper mold.A slight excess of the plastic material is always chared to ensure sufficient pressurs to produce a dense molded part.This type of mold is widely used because it is comparatively easy to construct and it controls thickness and density within colse limits.The semipositive mold is a combination od the flash type and landed posive molds.In addition to the flash ridges,a land is employed to restrict the travel of the upper mold.
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題 目 階梯圓桶落料拉深復(fù)合模具設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 姓 名
指 導(dǎo) 教 師
20XX年 1 月 4 日
學(xué)院(系) 數(shù)控技術(shù) 專業(yè)
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)論 文 任 務(wù) 書
一、題目及專題:
1、題目 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)
2、專題 階梯圓筒落料拉深模具設(shè)計(jì)
二、課題來源及選題依據(jù)
課題來源:企業(yè)開發(fā)研制產(chǎn)品需要。
選題依據(jù):根據(jù)學(xué)生所學(xué)專業(yè)及教學(xué)大綱要求,結(jié)合相關(guān)企業(yè)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)需要及設(shè)計(jì)模式,促使學(xué)生將所學(xué)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及專業(yè)知識(shí)具體應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中,培養(yǎng)其理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的能力。
三、本設(shè)計(jì)(論文或其他)應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求:
1.根據(jù)零件的使用條件、技術(shù)要求、形狀和尺寸,確定該零件的冷沖壓工藝方案(包括排樣圖);
2.選擇各工序沖壓設(shè)備,填寫沖壓工藝過程卡;
3.設(shè)計(jì)本工序的工裝設(shè)備(模具);
4.繪制全套模具圖(工序圖、排樣圖、裝配圖和零件圖);
5.撰寫設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書一份,字?jǐn)?shù)約10000字符。
四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生:
班 姓名
五、開始及完成日期:
自20 年 11 月 05 至 20 年1月04日
六、設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)(或顧問):
指導(dǎo)教師 簽名
簽名
教研室主任
〔學(xué)科組組長研究所所長〕 簽名
院長(系主任) 簽名
年 月 日
摘要
此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是由XX老師親自指導(dǎo),設(shè)計(jì)一副簡單的復(fù)合模具,經(jīng)過數(shù)個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì),基本完成此次設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)。此副模具主要是階梯圓筒形零件的設(shè)計(jì),采用落料﹑拉深兩道工序相結(jié)合的復(fù)合模,本人經(jīng)查閱相關(guān)書籍﹑資料以隊(duì)此副模具所用到的相關(guān)公式﹑數(shù)據(jù)做出了一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的依據(jù)。
此副模具的設(shè)計(jì)一共分為四章,和其他模具的設(shè)計(jì)一樣,首先第一章是對(duì)零件進(jìn)行了工藝分析,接著對(duì)工藝方案進(jìn)行了比較,最終確定采用先落料拉深后切邊的工藝方案,然后畫工序圖﹑經(jīng)過計(jì)算選擇沖壓設(shè)備。第二章是選擇沖模類型以及結(jié)構(gòu)形式,接著是一些模具設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算。第三章是對(duì)模具凸模﹑凹模加工工藝過程以及加工工藝方案的確定,最后填寫凸凹模加工工藝規(guī)程卡以及編制凸模數(shù)控加工程序。第四章是設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)﹑謝辭以及參考文獻(xiàn)。
本人在設(shè)計(jì)過程中得到了其他同學(xué)的大力支持,并有XX老師的息心指導(dǎo),在此表示誠懇的感謝。由于本人水平有限,此次設(shè)計(jì)難免還存在一些缺點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤,懇請閱讀者批評(píng)指正。
目 錄
第1章 沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)······························1
1.1 零件的工藝分析····································1
1.2 制定沖壓工藝方案·································3
1.3 畫工序圖··········································4
1.4 初選沖壓設(shè)備······································6
1.5編制沖壓工藝卡·····································8
第2章 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)·····························10
2.1 沖模類型及結(jié)構(gòu)形式·······························10
2.2 模具設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·····································10
第3章 模具主要零件加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)·················14
3.1 制定凸凹模加工工藝過程···························14
3.2 填寫凸凹模加工工藝規(guī)程卡·························16
3.3 編制凸模或凹模數(shù)控加工程序·······················19
第4章 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)·································21
致謝············································22
參考文獻(xiàn)········································23
第 23 頁
第1章 沖壓工藝設(shè)計(jì)
1.1 零件的工藝分析
此零件形狀為階梯圓筒形件,需要采用落料,拉深,切邊三道工序,通過計(jì)算確定拉深次數(shù)。
零件材料為10鋼,根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[1]表1.4.1得:10鋼的抗剪強(qiáng)度=210MPa。
由此可見,其塑性較好,有較高的強(qiáng)度,適合于成形加工。=260~440MPa、抗拉強(qiáng)度b=300~440MPa﹑伸長率10=29%、屈服強(qiáng)度=210MPa。
由此可見,其塑性較好,有較高的強(qiáng)度,適合與成形加工。
此零件毛坯形狀為圓形,故采用沖裁工藝中的落料工序。
首先計(jì)算出毛坯的尺寸,根據(jù)毛坯尺寸要求計(jì)算出凸凹模的尺寸,但要注意落料見的尺寸應(yīng)增加修邊余量,以保證零件的高度。后面還有拉深等其它工序,最重要的是毛坯外形尺寸精度要保證下一道工序的完成。
拉深見工藝性的好壞,直接影響到該零件能否用拉深方法生產(chǎn)出來,不僅能滿足產(chǎn)品的使用要求,同時(shí)也能夠用最簡單,最經(jīng)濟(jì)和最快的方法生產(chǎn)出來。
拉深見外形尺寸的要求應(yīng)根據(jù)零件的高度以及厚度等選擇一次拉深還是多次拉深。
1.計(jì)算落料毛坯尺寸:
t=0.5mm<1mm. 故可以按外形尺寸計(jì)算
查《指導(dǎo)》表4-2. 取修邊余量=2.5mm
則零件外徑 D’=34+2×2.5=39㎜
由《指導(dǎo)》表4-4.將零件分為序號(hào)9和序號(hào)11兩部分
由序號(hào)9得:
取 =21.7mm =28mm =39mm r=2mm
∴ D1=38.9mm
去掉d1部分圓面積的材料
則 A1=D-d=(38.92-21.72)≈×104.2.3mm2
由序號(hào)11得: D2=
取 d1=5mm d2=9mm d3=12mm d4=21.7mm
r1=1.5mm r2=2mm h=0.5mm
∴
則 A2=D=×23.72=×561.7mm2
∴ 毛坯的總面積 A=A1+A2=(1042.3+561.7)=×1604mm2
∴ 所以毛坯直徑
因此毛坯直徑為40mm
2.確定拉深次數(shù):
查《指導(dǎo)》表4-8得:當(dāng) ×100%=1.25(<1.5~1),一次拉深可得最大相對(duì)高度為0.84~0.65,故零件以以一次拉深成形。
3.計(jì)算拉深系數(shù)
因該零件兼有凸緣見拉深與階梯圓筒件拉深的持性,所以近似按此兩種拉深方法估算總拉深系數(shù).
由參考文獻(xiàn)[2]或(4-15)得:
查參考文獻(xiàn)[2]表4-9 當(dāng)>2.8~3.0時(shí) [m1]=0.16~0.20<m總
此零件厚度為0.5mm,拉深件的底部與側(cè)壁間的圓角半徑R1為1.5mm,1.5>0.5mm,各階梯連接處的半徑為1.5mm,1.5>2t=1mm,即滿足R1t,R2t ,所以拉深可以順利進(jìn)行,不需要增加整形工序,零件產(chǎn)品尺寸為、精度為IT10~I(xiàn)T11級(jí)、,精度為IT14級(jí),其中、 由拉深工序保證。拉深成形后切除零件多余外邊,保證零件最后的外形尺寸公差,故由切邊工序保證。
1.2 制定沖壓工藝方案
1.2.1 工藝方案分析比較
此零件外殼形狀表明它為拉深件,所以拉深為基本工序,其毛坯可用落料工序完成。根據(jù)前面的計(jì)算,只需要一次拉深,故根據(jù)該零件所需基本沖壓工序,做出一個(gè)合格的零件,可以有三種工藝方案:
第一種方案是把落料、拉深、二道工序做一個(gè)簡單復(fù)合模,然后再以切邊工序做一個(gè)單工序切邊模。
第二種方案是以落料、拉深、切邊工序分開,各做一副單工序模。
第三種方案是把落料、拉深、切邊三道工序并在一起,做一副多工位的級(jí)進(jìn)模。
三種方案的比較:
第一種方案:落料、拉深是一個(gè)簡單復(fù)合模,設(shè)計(jì)簡便,制造也不難生產(chǎn)效率高,裝夾方便,切邊工序作為單工序模,只要保證一個(gè)尺寸精度要求,方便、簡單。
第二種方案:三道工序分開,分布鮮明,有序進(jìn)行,看得懂,弄得請,但效率不高,占用設(shè)備多,若單用一個(gè)設(shè)備,則需拆下來,裝上去次數(shù)多,比較麻煩。
第三種方案:三道工序一起進(jìn)行,效率比較高,但是制造麻煩,周期長,成本高,只有大批量生產(chǎn)中才適合。
1.2.2 工藝方案確定
根據(jù)工藝方案的比較:
方案一:落料拉深復(fù)合→切邊
方案二:落料→拉深→切邊
方案三:落料、拉深、切邊級(jí)進(jìn)模
綜合所有因素,此零件選用方案一。
1.3 畫工序圖
1.工序1:落料拉深
(1)毛坯圖
圖1-1
(2)工序圖
圖1-2
(3)排樣圖
a.計(jì)算開料寬度及步距
由參考文獻(xiàn)[1]表2.5.2 取搭邊值=1.5mm =1.2mm
由表2.5.3得 減料公差=0.4mm 導(dǎo)料間隙C=0.1mm
考慮落料后需自然卸下條料 單惻需沖開0.5mm深缺口
則開料寬度 B=(D-0.5++2+C)
=(40-0.5+1.5+2×0.4+0.1)
=41.9mm
取B=41.9mm
步距A=D+=40+1.2=41.2mm. 取A=42mm
b.畫排樣圖
圖1-3
2.工序2:切邊
圖1-4
1.4 初選沖壓設(shè)備
(1)計(jì)算拉深工藝力,相對(duì)厚度=1.25%<1.5%
t=0.5mm 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[1]表4.5.2 拉深時(shí)需采用壓邊圈。在該模具中可利用凸凹模與成型頂塊進(jìn)行壓邊。
由于該零件只一次拉深 因此拉深時(shí)需兼整形。拉深工藝力應(yīng)按整形力計(jì)算。參考彎曲校正力進(jìn)行計(jì)算。查參考文獻(xiàn)[1]表3.3.3。取單位校正力q=40MPa
則
(2)計(jì)算沖裁工藝力
F沖=Ltb=×40×0.5×440=27632N
由參考文獻(xiàn)[1]取頂件力系數(shù)K頂=0.08
則 F頂=K頂F沖=0.08×27632=2210.6N
F總2=F沖+F頂=27632+2210.6=29842.6N
(3)計(jì)算沖壓工藝力
F總=F總1+F總2=47759.4+29842.6=77602N
按F總=77602N,以及F總≤(0.7~0.8)F公
得 F公≥97002.5~110860N
查參考文獻(xiàn)[2]表8-10 初選壓力機(jī)為J23-16
1.5 編制沖壓工藝卡
表1-1 沖壓工藝過程卡
無錫技師學(xué)院
沖壓工藝過程卡
產(chǎn)品型號(hào)
C003
零(部)件名稱
共1 頁
產(chǎn)品名稱
階梯圓筒
零(部)件型號(hào)
第 1 頁
材料牌號(hào)及規(guī)格
材料技術(shù)要求
毛 坯 尺 寸
每個(gè)毛坯可制件數(shù)
毛坯重量
輔助材料
10鋼
0.5×48×1000
工序號(hào)
工序名稱
工 序 內(nèi) 容
加 工 簡 圖
設(shè) 備
工藝裝備
備注
0
下料
剪床上裁板
48×1000
材料厚度為
0.5mm
1
落料拉深
落料與拉深復(fù)合模
J23-10
落料拉深
落料與拉深復(fù)合模
編制(日期)
審核(日期)
會(huì)簽(日期)
標(biāo)記
處數(shù)
更該文件號(hào)
簽字
日期
標(biāo)記
處數(shù)
更該文件號(hào)
簽字
日期
續(xù)表1-1
無錫技師學(xué)院
沖壓工藝過程卡
產(chǎn)品型號(hào)
C003
零(部)件名稱
共 1 頁
產(chǎn)品名稱
階梯圓筒
零(部)件型號(hào)
第 1 頁
材料牌號(hào)及規(guī)格
材料技術(shù)要求
毛 坯 尺 寸
每個(gè)毛坯可制件數(shù)
毛坯重量
輔助材料
10鋼
0.5×48×1000
工序號(hào)
工序名稱
工 序 內(nèi) 容
加 工 簡 圖
設(shè) 備
工藝裝備
備注
2
切邊
切除凸圓邊達(dá)尺寸要求
↓
↓
J23-10
切邊模
↓表示沖壓方向
3
檢驗(yàn)
檢驗(yàn)所有尺寸
編制(日期)
審核(日期)
會(huì)簽(日期)
標(biāo)記
處數(shù)
更該文件號(hào)
簽字
日期
標(biāo)記
處數(shù)
更該文件號(hào)
簽字
日期
第2章 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)
2.1 沖模類型及結(jié)構(gòu)形式
此零件形狀為階梯圓筒形件,分為落料拉深(C003-1)、切邊(C003-2)兩副模具,本人設(shè)計(jì)C003-1模具,即落料拉深復(fù)合模,采用正裝式。利用擋料釘定距,模具本身利用M8螺釘固定及Ф8銷釘定位,本模具采用彈頂器以及打桿作為卸料裝置。
2.2 模具設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
1.壓力中心
此零件為階梯圓筒形件,即屬于旋轉(zhuǎn)體件,結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱,所以壓力中心應(yīng)該在其幾何中心。
2.各主要零件外形尺寸
(1)落料凹模外形尺寸
由參考文獻(xiàn)[1]式(2.8.8) H=Kb
查表2.8.2 K取0.3 b=40mm
H1=Kb=0.3×40=12mm 按要求需滿足H1≥15mm
因?yàn)槭菑?fù)合模,另有拉深工序,零件高度為6mm,材料厚度為0.5mm,加之有凸模進(jìn)入凹模的深度,綜上所述,查參考文獻(xiàn)[2],H=25mm
由式(2.8.9)凹模壁厚C=(1.5-2)H1=(1.5~2)×15=22.5~30mm
按要求需滿足C≥30~40mm 故取 C=30mm
為便于加工模板取圓形
則D=2×30+40=100
(2)固定板外形尺寸
直徑D與凹模相同 為100mm
厚度H2=(0.6~0.8)H1(0.6~0.8)×25
=(15~20)mm
取H2=20mm
(3)墊板外形尺寸
直徑D=100mm
厚度H3=(6~12)mm
取H3=8mm
各模板采用Φ8與M8螺釘定位與連接
根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[4] 孔距取76mm
(4)凸凹模、凸凹模型芯、成形頂塊、拉深凸模外形尺寸
根據(jù)成型要求凸凹模、凸凹模型芯、成形頂塊以及拉深凸凹模長度分別為41mm、35.5mm、18.5和42.5mm。
綜上所述,歸納所得 (單位:mm)
落料凹模Ф100×25 GB2858.4-81
上、下固定板Ф100×20 GB2858.5-81
上、下墊板Ф100×8 GB2858.5-81
凸凹模: Ф46×40
凸凹模型芯:Ф9×35.5
成形頂塊:Ф40×18.5
拉深凸模:Ф14×42.5
聯(lián)接螺釘:M8 GB70-85
定位銷釘:Ф8 GB119-86
孔距Ф76
3.凸凹模間隙及凸凹模工作部分尺寸
(1)落料凸凹模尺寸及公差
因?yàn)槊鞒叽鏒=40mm,無公差要求
根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[1],落料尺寸以凹模為基準(zhǔn),凸模采用配合加工,由于該零件最后需要切邊保證最終尺寸,故落料凹模尺寸直接采用計(jì)算尺寸Ф40,另外制造公差取0.02mm。凸模與凹模配制,雙面間隙0.04~0.06mm(參考文獻(xiàn)[1]表2.2.3)。凸、凹模尺寸要求參考零件圖。
(2)拉深凸、凹模尺寸及公差
由零件圖知,工件外形尺寸及公差有要求,故以拉深凹模為基準(zhǔn),其值為:
D=(28-0.75×0.52)=27.6
D=27.7
D=(9-0.75×0.36)
D=(D-2c)=(8.7-2×0.5)=7.7mm
注:以上凸、凹模制造公差取0.03mm
4.選用模架
因?yàn)榘寄V芙鐬椐?00,根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[3],采用冷沖?;瑒?dòng)導(dǎo)向中間導(dǎo)柱模架,根據(jù)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),選用模架為:模架100×130~150 GB2851.6-81.HT20-40
上、下模板厚度分別為H=25mm. H=30mm
5.校核壓力機(jī)
(1)閉合高度校核
模具閉合高度H=H+ H+HtH+H+H
=25+8+35.5+0.5+42.5+8+30=149.5mm
由[2]表8-10得 壓力機(jī)最大裝模高度H=220-40=180mm
由[2]表8-10得 壓力機(jī)最小裝模高度H=180-45=135mm
滿足H-5≥H≥H+10
(2)公稱壓力F校核
F=160KN>F=77.6KN
所以F合格。
(3)滑塊行程校核
根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[2]表8-10得滑塊行程H=55㎜
模具工作行程H=(2~2.5)H=(2~2.5)×6=(12~15)mm
H>H 滿足使用要求
(4)工作臺(tái)尺寸校核
由參考文獻(xiàn)[2]. 工作臺(tái)前后尺寸為300mm,左右為450㎜
模架型號(hào)100×130~150
由參考文獻(xiàn)[3]. 模架左右為260㎜,前后為170㎜,滿足工作臺(tái)尺寸每邊大于模具50~70mm的要求
因?yàn)楣ぷ髋_(tái)孔尺寸直徑為210㎜,能容納下彈頂器,所以滿足要求。
第3章 模具主要零件加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)
3.1 制定凸凹模加工工藝過程
3.1.1 加工工藝過程方案分析
(1)凸凹模(落料凸模兼拉深凹模)
根據(jù)凸模加工方法,可以制定出的凸模加工工藝過程有很多種,
現(xiàn)選兩種方案進(jìn)行比較:
方案一:備料(下料、鍛造)—─去應(yīng)力退火─—毛坯外形加工(普通車床)——數(shù)控車削粗加工(外形)——數(shù)控車削半精加工——數(shù)控車削精加工——內(nèi)輪廓粗加工(數(shù)控加工中心加工)——精加工——鉗工精修——淬火、回火——研磨(拋光)。
方案二:備料(下料、鍛造)—─去應(yīng)力退火─—毛坯外形加工(普通車床)——數(shù)控內(nèi)輪廓粗加工——精加工——數(shù)控車削外形粗加工——半精加工——精加工——鉗工精修——淬火、回火——研磨(拋光)。
方案一的工藝過程占用設(shè)備多,拆、裝麻煩,影響工件精度,效率較低。
方案二的工藝過程有序進(jìn)行,能消除熱處理變形對(duì)凸模精度的影響,加工精度較高。
圖3-1
* 尺寸與凹模配制雙面間隙0.04~0.06
(2)落料凹模
根據(jù)凹模形狀以及要求,可以制定出的凹模加工工藝過程有很多種。
現(xiàn)選兩種方案進(jìn)行比較:
方案一:備料(下料、鍛造)—─去應(yīng)力退火─—毛坯外形加工(普通車床車削)— —數(shù)控車削內(nèi)輪廓粗加工——半精加工——精加工——鉆削粗加工——精加工——鉗工精修——淬火、回火——研磨。
方案二:備料(下料、鍛造)—─去應(yīng)力退火─—毛坯外形加工(普通車床車削)——數(shù)控加工中心鉆——半精加工——精加工——鉗工精修——淬火、回火——研磨。
方案一的工藝過程:設(shè)備占用多,以至于影響工件精度,且效率偏低。
方案二的工藝過程:加工精度高,成本較大,但效率高,加工方便。
圖3-2
3.1.2.確定加工工藝過程
凸凹模的加工工藝過程:
選方案二:備料(下料、鍛造)—─去應(yīng)力退火─—毛坯外形加工(普通車床)——數(shù)控內(nèi)輪廓粗加工——精加工——數(shù)控車削外形粗加工——半精加工——精加工——鉗工精修——淬火、回火——研磨(拋光)。
凹模加工工藝過程:
選方案二:備料(下料、鍛造)—─去應(yīng)力退火─—毛坯外形加工(普通車床車削)——數(shù)控加工中心鉆——半精加工——精加工——鉗工精修——淬火、回火——研磨。
3.2 填寫凸凹模加工工藝規(guī)程卡
表3-1 機(jī) 械 加 工 工 藝 規(guī) 程
無錫技師學(xué)院
機(jī)械加工工藝過程卡
產(chǎn) 品 型 號(hào)
產(chǎn) 品 名 稱
C003
階梯圓筒
零件名稱
零件材料
毛坯種類
毛 坯 尺 寸
凈 重
備 注
凸凹模
Cr12MoV
圓件
Φ58×60
工序號(hào)
工序名稱
工 序 內(nèi) 容
設(shè) 備
1
備料(鍛造)
備制尺寸Φ58×60圓形件,進(jìn)行鍛造
2
熱處理
退火(改善切削加工性能)
3
毛坯粗加工
車床車削(光一刀,去處表面氧化層)
普通車床
4
內(nèi)輪廓粗加工
內(nèi)輪廓尺寸留有余量為0.1mm
數(shù)控車床
5
精加工
達(dá)到尺寸要求,留拋光余量為0.1mm
數(shù)控車床
6
外形粗加工
車出外形,余量為1mm
數(shù)控車床
7
半精加工
按照尺寸要求,余量為0.4mm
數(shù)控車床
8
精加工
達(dá)到尺寸要求,外形留有磨削余量0.15mm-0.20mm
數(shù)控車床
9
淬火、回火
提高硬度
10
鉗工
去除毛刺,打光內(nèi)輪廓
銼刀、油石
11
外圓磨
磨削外形至尺寸要求
外圓磨床
12
檢驗(yàn)
檢驗(yàn)所有尺寸
編制
審核
批準(zhǔn)
年 月 日
第 頁
表3-2 數(shù)控加工工序卡片
單 位
名 稱
無錫技師學(xué)院
產(chǎn)品名稱或代號(hào)
零件名稱
零件圖號(hào)
階梯圓筒
凸凹模
C003-1-13
工序號(hào)
程序編號(hào)
夾具名稱
使用設(shè)備
車 間
工步號(hào)
工步內(nèi)容
刀具號(hào)
刀具規(guī)格
主軸轉(zhuǎn)速
進(jìn)給速度
背/側(cè)吃刀量
備注
1
鉆Φ9H7孔
T01
中心鉆
500r/min
0.3
2
鉆Φ9H7孔至55
T02
Φ8.9鉆頭
500r/min
0.3
3
忽Φ9H7孔
T03
100r/min
0.3
4
粗車內(nèi)輪廓Φ27.8,斜角60度,深2mm
T04
鏜刀
500r/min
0.3
5
粗車Φ27.8,斜角60度
T04
鏜刀
500r/min
0.3
6
粗車外形Φ55×5,Φ53×15(退刀槽0.5×1.5倒角)
Φ41×30
T05
粗車刀
500r/min
0.3
編制
審核
批準(zhǔn)
年 月 日
第 頁
續(xù)表3-2
單 位
名 稱
無錫技師學(xué)院
產(chǎn)品名稱或代號(hào)
零件名稱
零件圖號(hào)
階梯圓筒
凸凹模
C003-1-13
工序號(hào)
程序編號(hào)
夾具名稱
使用設(shè)備
車 間
工步號(hào)
工步內(nèi)容
刀具號(hào)
刀具規(guī)格
主軸轉(zhuǎn)速
進(jìn)給速度
背/側(cè)吃刀量
備注
7
半精車Φ55×5,Φ52.5×15
(退刀槽0.5×1.5倒角)
Φ40.05×30
T05
粗車刀
500r/min
0.3
8
精車Φ55×5,Φ52×15
(退刀槽0.5×1.5倒角)
Φ40×30
T06
精車刀
500r/min
0.3
9
鉸Φ9H7的孔
T07
Φ9絞刀
100r/min
0.3
編制
審核
批準(zhǔn)
年 月 日
第 頁
3.3 編制凸?;虬寄?shù)控加工程序
凸凹模數(shù)控加工程序(車削)
O0001
G43 G80 M03 T0101 S500
G00 X25 Z2
G73 U0 W2 R2
G73 P5 Q10 U0.1 W01 F0.3
N5 G0 X19.3
G1 Z0 F0.1
G2 X13.55 Z-0.2 R1.5
G1 X10.78 Z-1.8
G3 X0.03 Z-2 R1.5
G1 X8
N10 G0 Z2
G00 X100 Z100
S800 T0101
G0 X25 Z2
G70 P5 Q10
G00 X100 Z100
T0202 S500
G0 X62 Z2
G71 V1 R1
G71 P15 Q20 V0.5 W01 F0.3
N15 G0 X50.1
G1 Z0 F01
G1 Z-30
G1 X52.2 Z-31
Z-45
X55
N20 Z-50
G00 X100 Z100
S1000 T0202
G00 X62 Z2
G70 D15 Q20
G00 X100 Z100
M05
M30
刀具:
T1 鏜孔刀
T2 外圓刀
第4章 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)
數(shù)月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)即將結(jié)束,希望老師對(duì)我的設(shè)計(jì)過程作最后的審閱,最全面的指正。
在這次課程設(shè)計(jì)中我通過參考及查閱各種有關(guān)模具設(shè)計(jì)方面的資料,請蔡昀老師指導(dǎo)有關(guān)模具方面的問題,特別是采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件時(shí)所遇到的困擾,老師給予我們想要的解答,使我在著短短的時(shí)間里對(duì)模具結(jié)構(gòu)及動(dòng)作過程等有了更深一步的了解。其中在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,起初設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)與最終所想有些矛盾,但通過查閱相關(guān)書籍都得到了解決,從開始的無從下手到現(xiàn)在的得心應(yīng)手,至少了解了簡單模具設(shè)計(jì)。這些都是通過自己的努力與老師的指導(dǎo)才得到了現(xiàn)在的水準(zhǔn)。
經(jīng)過這幾個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì),我深信這次課程設(shè)計(jì)能為我以后的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)做一個(gè)很好的基礎(chǔ),甚至對(duì)以后的踏上社會(huì)也有許多幫助。
致謝
在這次設(shè)計(jì)過程中得到了蔡昀老師的幫助,從一開始,課題的選擇到后來的設(shè)計(jì)過程中,蔡老師給了我很大的幫助,幫我選擇課題和尋找相關(guān)的資料,特別是老師的悉心知道,使我受益良多,謝謝!
致此,感謝蔡老師在我設(shè)計(jì)過程中給予我的幫助。
謝謝!
參考文獻(xiàn)
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[2]王芳,冷沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo),北京,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999
[3]中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB2851-2875-81冷沖模,中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社
[4]劉力,機(jī)械制圖,北京,高等教育出版社,2002
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[6]陳于萍,高曉康編著,互換性與測量技術(shù),北京高等教育出版社,2002
[7]吳宗澤,機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊,北京,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992
[8]許發(fā)越,實(shí)用模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造手冊,北京,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992
[9]朱傳禮,林蒲生,高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文指導(dǎo)手冊機(jī)械卷,北京高等教育出版社 經(jīng)濟(jì)日報(bào)出版社,1998
[10]王之鑠,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)綜合課程設(shè)計(jì),北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2003
南京工程學(xué)院繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)專用紙