購(gòu)買設(shè)計(jì)請(qǐng)充值后下載，，資源目錄下的文件所見(jiàn)即所得，都可以點(diǎn)開(kāi)預(yù)覽，，資料完整，充值下載可得到資源目錄里的所有文件。。?！咀ⅰ浚篸wg后綴為CAD圖紙，doc,docx為WORD文檔，原稿無(wú)水印，可編輯。。。具體請(qǐng)見(jiàn)文件預(yù)覽，有不明白之處，可咨詢QQ:12401814
單位代碼 02
學(xué) 號(hào) 080105025
分 類 號(hào) T H
密 級(jí) 秘 密
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
文獻(xiàn)翻譯
院（系）名稱
工學(xué)院機(jī)械系
專業(yè)名稱
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
學(xué)生姓名
龐宇江
指導(dǎo)教師
賈百合
2012年2月27日
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）書(shū)
題目
四軸頭多工位同步鉆床設(shè)計(jì)
作者姓名
所在專業(yè)
所在班級(jí)
申請(qǐng)學(xué)位
指導(dǎo)教師
職稱
答辯時(shí)間
2008 年 6 月 日
一、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主要內(nèi)容
機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，其目的在于通過(guò)機(jī)床主運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械變速傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，使我們?cè)跀M定傳動(dòng)和變速的結(jié)構(gòu)方案過(guò)程中，得到設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思、方案的分析、結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性、機(jī)械制圖、零件計(jì)算、編寫(xiě)技術(shù)文件和查閱資料等方面的綜合訓(xùn)練，樹(shù)立正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想，掌握基本的設(shè)計(jì)方法，培養(yǎng)基本的設(shè)計(jì)方法，并培養(yǎng)了自己具有初步的結(jié)構(gòu)分析、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算能力。
1、運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 根據(jù)給定的被加工零件，確定機(jī)床的切削用量，通過(guò)分析比較擬定傳動(dòng)方案和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖，確定傳動(dòng)副的傳動(dòng)比及齒輪的齒數(shù)，并計(jì)算主軸的實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相對(duì)誤差。
2、動(dòng)力設(shè)計(jì) 根據(jù)給定的工件，初算傳動(dòng)軸的直徑、齒輪的模數(shù)；確定動(dòng)力箱；計(jì)算多軸箱尺寸及設(shè)計(jì)傳動(dòng)路線。完成裝配草圖后，要驗(yàn)算傳動(dòng)軸的直徑，齒輪模數(shù)否在允許范圍內(nèi)。還要驗(yàn)算主軸主件的靜剛度。
3、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 進(jìn)行主運(yùn)動(dòng)傳動(dòng)軸系、變速機(jī)構(gòu)、主軸主件、箱體、潤(rùn)滑與密封等的布置和機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。即繪制裝配圖和零件工作圖。
4、編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的基本要求
1.根據(jù)工件零件圖上加工孔的主要技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)。
加工8個(gè)Φ10的孔。表面粗糙度Ra3.2um.孔的位置度公差為Φ0.3mm
工件材料為HT200，HB175～255，要求生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)為（考慮廢品及備品率）年產(chǎn)量6萬(wàn)件，單班制生產(chǎn)
2、在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)按時(shí)按量完成設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)；
3、要會(huì)查閱相關(guān)資料和手冊(cè)；
4、注意設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)的完整性和統(tǒng)一性；
5、會(huì)運(yùn)用相關(guān)軟件。
三、應(yīng)收集的資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn)
1、徐景輝等編.機(jī)床裝配.成都：四川人民出版社，1982
2、儲(chǔ)凱、許斌等主編.機(jī)械工程材料.重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，2002
3、邱宣懷主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).北京：高等教育出版社，2003
4、吳宗澤主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè).北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2000
5、龔桂主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書(shū).北京：高等教育出版社，1990
6、齊占慶、王振臣主編.電氣控制技術(shù).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2002
7、常斗南主編.可編程序控制器原理·應(yīng)用·實(shí)驗(yàn).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004
8、殷洪義主編.可編程序控制器選擇設(shè)計(jì)與維護(hù).北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004
9、機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)。
10、相關(guān)書(shū)籍（機(jī)床夾具、公差配合與技術(shù)測(cè)量、工程材料、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)等）
四、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)度計(jì)劃
起 迄 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
備 注
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）答辯提問(wèn)錄
學(xué)生姓名
學(xué)號(hào)
所在學(xué)院
專業(yè)
答辯日期
答辯時(shí)間
答辯組所提問(wèn)題及學(xué)生解答情況（簡(jiǎn)述）
答辯小組組長(zhǎng)(簽名)
年 月 日
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定
指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)：
指導(dǎo)教師(簽名)
年 月 日
答辯小組評(píng)語(yǔ)：
答辯小組組長(zhǎng)(簽名)
年 月 日
畢業(yè)論文
（設(shè)計(jì)）
成績(jī)
系主任
（簽名）
年 月 日
審批單位
（蓋章）
年 月 日
摘要
制造業(yè)是一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要支柱，其發(fā)展水平標(biāo)志著該國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、科技水平、生活水準(zhǔn)和國(guó)防實(shí)力。而制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)能力主要取決于制造裝備——機(jī)床的先進(jìn)程度。
本文對(duì)減速器箱蓋連接孔的加工工藝進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，就其孔的加工提出了“一次裝夾，多工位加工，達(dá)到產(chǎn)品圖樣的精度要求”的思路。根據(jù)這一思路設(shè)計(jì)了四軸頭多工位同步鉆床。
該組合機(jī)床由立柱、立柱底座、中間底座、Y、Z軸液壓滑臺(tái)、液壓站、動(dòng)力頭、刀具、控制部分等組成。本文對(duì)各部分的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的計(jì)算和論證，并提出了優(yōu)化工藝結(jié)構(gòu)的方法。采用的PLC控制穩(wěn)定可靠。它的研制成功對(duì)提高箱蓋孔加工的工作效率和質(zhì)量具有重要的意義。機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)分析后，提高工效3～5倍，達(dá)到了國(guó)內(nèi)同行業(yè)的領(lǐng)先水平。
關(guān)鍵詞：制造業(yè)；減速器；四軸頭多工位同步鉆床；組合機(jī)床；PLC控制
Abstract
The Manufacture is an important support of economic development in a country or area. Its level of development stands for the economic power, technical and scientific level, living standard and national defensive power of the country or area. While the capability of production in trade of manufacture mostly depends on the advanced producing equipment－machine tool .
This paper has carried out detailed analysis for the case cover processing technology of gear reducer that joins hole, the processing for its hole have put forward the train of thought of " once pack folder, work position is processed , reach the precision requirement of product pattern ".According to this train of thought , have designed the four-axle first work drilling machine of bit alignment.
This modular machine tool is formed by pillar , pillar base , center base, Y、Z axle hydraulic slide unit, hydraulic station, head, cutting tool and control partial etc . The design of this paper for each part has carried out the detailed method that calculates and expounds and proves and has put forward the structure of optimization technology. The PLC control of adopting is steady and reliable. It has important meaning to raising the working efficiency and quality of case cover hole by the successful design of machine tool. After the design of machine tool is analysed, raise the work efficiency 3～5 times, have reached the lead level in the domestic trade of the same occupation .
Keyword: Manufacturing industry；Gear reducer；The four-axle first work drilling machine of bit alignment；Modular machine tool；PLC controls.
目錄
摘要
Abstract
第1章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 機(jī)床在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的地位及其發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史 ……………………………… 1
1.2 組合機(jī)床的國(guó)內(nèi)、外現(xiàn)狀 …………………………………………… 2
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)組合機(jī)床現(xiàn)狀 …………………………………………………… 3
1.2.2 國(guó)外組合機(jī)床現(xiàn)狀 …………………………………………………… 4
1.3 機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的目的、內(nèi)容、要求 ……………………………………… 5
1.3.1 設(shè)計(jì)的目的 ………………………………………………………… 5
1.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 …………………………………………………………… 5
1.3.3 設(shè)計(jì)要求 …………………………………………………………… 6
1.4 機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ……………………………………………………… 6
1.4.1 調(diào)查研究 …………………………………………………………… 6
1.4.2 擬定方案 …………………………………………………………… 6
1.4.3 工作圖設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………… 6
第2章 四軸頭多工位同步鉆床總體設(shè)計(jì) ………………………… 8
2.1 組合機(jī)床方案的制定 ………………………………………………… 8
2.1.1 制定工藝方案 ……………………………………………………… 8
2.1.2 確定組合機(jī)床的配置形式和結(jié)構(gòu)方案 ………………………………… 8
2.2 確定切削用量及選擇刀具 …………………………………………… 10
2.2.1 確定工序間余量 …………………………………………………… 10
2.2.2 選擇切削用量 ……………………………………………………… 10
2.2.3 確定切削刀、切削扭矩、切削功率 …………………………………… 11
2.2.4 選擇刀具結(jié)構(gòu) ……………………………………………………… 12
2.3 四軸頭多工位同步鉆床總設(shè)計(jì)“三圖一卡”的編制 ……………… 12
2.3.1 被加工零件工序圖 …………………………………………………… 12
2.3.2 加工示意圖 ………………………………………………………… 13
2.3.3 機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖 …………………………………………………… 18
2.3.4 生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡 ……………………………………………………… 21
2.4 多軸箱的設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………… 23
2.4.1 繪制多軸箱設(shè)計(jì)原始依據(jù)圖 ………………………………………… 23
2.4.2 主軸、齒輪模數(shù)的選擇 ……………………………………………… 24
2.4.3 多軸箱的傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) …………………………………………………… 24
2.4.4 繪制傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖 …………………………………………………… 28
2.4.5 傳動(dòng)零件的校核 …………………………………………………… 28
2.5 確定機(jī)械重塊平衡機(jī)構(gòu) ……………………………………………… 32
2.6 液壓系統(tǒng) ……………………………………………………………… 34
2.6.1 Z軸液壓泵的確定 …………………………………………………… 34
2.6.2 Ｙ軸液壓動(dòng)力的確定 ………………………………………………… 35
2.6.3 擬定液壓系統(tǒng)圖 ……………………………………………………… 36
第3章 電氣控制 ………………………………………………………… 39
3.1 運(yùn)動(dòng)分析 ……………………………………………………………… 39
3.2 控制要求及功能分配 ………………………………………………… 39
3.2.1 控制要求 …………………………………………………………… 39
3.2.2 功能分配 …………………………………………………………… 39
3.3 PLC的選擇及其I/O端子分配 ……………………………………… 39
3.3.1 PLC的選擇 ………………………………………………………… 39
3.3.2 I/O分配表 …………………………………………………………… 40
3.3.3 PLC接線圖 ………………………………………………………… 41
3.4 應(yīng)用程序的編制 ……………………………………………………… 41
3.4.1 整體程序結(jié)構(gòu) ……………………………………………………… 41
3.4.2 手動(dòng)操作模塊 ……………………………………………………… 43
3.4.3 自動(dòng)操作模塊 ……………………………………………………… 44
3.4.4 編制程序 …………………………………………………………… 47
結(jié)論 ………………………………………………………………………… 49
參考文獻(xiàn) ……………………………………………………………………… 50
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………… 51
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)任務(wù)書(shū) …………………………………………………… 52
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ) …………………………………………… 54
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)評(píng)閱人評(píng)語(yǔ) ……………………………………………… 55
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯小組評(píng)語(yǔ) …………………………………………… 56
英文原文 …………………………………………………………………… 57
英文翻譯 …………………………………………………………………… 64
General transformation of multi-axis drilling
machine drilling machine
Summary: The aggregate machine-tool is take the general part as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig, the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-locations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high several times to several dozens times. Because the general part already the standardization and the seriation, might according to need to dispose nimbly, could reduce the design and the manufacturing cycle. The multi-axle-boxes are aggregate machine-tool's core parts. It selects the common parts, carries on the design according to the special-purpose request, in the aggregate machine-tool design's process, is one of work load big parts.Multi-axis processing is more and more widely used in industrial production. It not only increase the processing accuracy, but also greatly improve working efficiency, adapt to the market to seek and increase the competitive power.
Key word: Multi-axis drilling machine Spindle box Multi-axis head Machine Tool
At present, China's small and medium enterprises in product quality and production efficiency are the need for a new increase. But the processing means is far from sufficient .Many small and medium enterprises with their actual technical state of equipment improvements, through strengthening its own. In order to self-development. Common drilling for single-axis machine tools, but the installation will become a multi-axis multi-axle box of the drill, transformation into a multi-axis drilling, we could greatly shorten the processing time, improve production efficiency. ?????????????
Application of multi-axis machining ：According to statistics, in general machine tools in the workshop in general, the average cutting time rarely exceeds 15% of total working hours. The remaining time is plug-in, loading and unloading the workpiece, exchange tools, operation tools, measurements, and clear the iron filings and so forth. Although the use of CNC machine tools can improve 85%, but the purchase of costly. In some cases, even if the high productivity, but the processing of the same components, the cost is not necessarily lower than the average machine. Therefore must be more to shorten the processing time. Different processing methods have different characteristics, the drilling process, the multi-axis machining is a small investment to increase productivity through effective measures.
The advantages of multi-axis machining ：Although it is not the first in automatic multi-axis adjustable long line applications, but only limited to high-volume production. Even with the adjustable multi-axis head expanded the scope of use is still far from being able to meet the volume is small, hole complex requirements. In particular, as industrial development, large and complex multi-axis machining is even more compelling. For example, large-scale nuclear power plants in the water-wall tube plate condenser has 15000 ψ20 holes, if radial drilling machine processing, and simply drilling holes and countersink countersunk head is necessary to 842.5 hours, while also crossed hours 151.1 hours. However, if the 8-axis CNC machining floor drilling, drilling countersink holes as long as 171.6 hours, crossed is also simple, as long as 1.9 hours. Therefore, the use of numerical control of two axis, so that proper alignment tool processing location, combined with multi-axis machining can not only expand the range of processing, but also on the basis of improving the accuracy can greatly enhance the work efficiency, easy to quickly create original processing parts. Some analysis of large high-speed diesel engine with 30 kinds of box-shaped rod-shaped parts of the more than 2,000 drilling operations, 40% could be the automatic replacement of machines using two-axis spindle box, three-axis or four-axis multi-axis machining head, the average can be reduced 20% of the processing time. Machine Tool Exhibition in Paris in 1975 also reflected the multi-axis machining using more and more the trend.
Multi-axis machining equipment ：Multi-axis machining is the same time in a feed processing a number of holes or simultaneously in many of the same or different processing of a workpiece on each hole. This will not only shorten the cutting time and improve accuracy, reduce fixturing or positioning time, and in the CNC machine tool is not necessary to calculate the coordinates, reducing the number of character blocks and simplified programming. It can be processed using the following equipment: radial drilling vertical drilling, or upload multi-axis head, multi-axis drilling machine, multi-axis modular machine tool spindle box heart and automatic replacement of machines. May even be able to automatically adjust wheelbase by two or more of the spindle axle box, junction
All CNC vertical and horizontal table two directions of movement, processing a variety of round or oval-shaped hole group of one or several steps. Now the status quo in this regard to make a profile.
Multi-Axis Head ：Transmission is from the main drive gear drive with two kinds of universal joint couplings. This is our familiar. Former is more efficient, simple structure, which is easy to adjust wheelbase. From the structure is concerned there is not adjustable and the adjustable two kinds. The former can not change the wheelbase, multi-use gear drive, only applies to high-volume production. Adaptability in order to expand its approval to develop a multi-axis adjustable head, in a certain range adjustable wheelbase. It is mainly mounted in a universal. Two. (1) there are two kinds of universal axis: alignment device with a spindle. Spindle mounted on adjustable bracket in an adjustable bracket can be T-shaped slot in the shell move, and the position in alignment with bolted. (2) with a tolerance of cylindrical spindle units. Set of fixed spindle hole with pieces of the same type template. The former applies to small batch and the rules of distribution of pore groups are artifacts (such as the hole groups in different diameter circle). The latter applies to a larger batch-type production of small quantities of turns, rigid better pitch accuracy is also high, but a different hole requires a different template.
Multi-axis head can be mounted on vertical drilling-type radial drilling machine, press the drill itself with the various functions work. This multi-axis processing methods, due to drilling efficiency, range and accuracy of processing of the relationship between the use of limited scope.
Multi-axle box ：As also the first multi-axis as the production as a standard component. U.S. Secto's standard gear boxes, multi-axle box, etc. are not designed adjustable multi-axle box. 32 kinds of specifications, process size from 300X300 mm to 600X1050 mm, the working-axis up to 60, and power up to 22.5 kilowatts. Romai factory adjustable multi-axle box easy to adjust, as long as the gear should first be adjusted to the location near the pass and then connected with its adjustable-axis move to the correct location. Therefore, this structure changes as long as the template, will be able to pass a certain extent change the content of shoes, and can reach more than ordinary axle box smaller pitch.
According to principles of the use of group processing the first multi-axle, or a combination of multi-axis machine tool is applicable to large and medium volume production. In order to process to get good results, need to consider the following points: (1) workpiece clamping simple, there is enough coolant away iron filings. (2) The fixture rigidity, processing, without deformation, dividing the right position. (3) the possibility of using the two group knives for a group to use, another set of grinding and adjustment, thereby reducing tool change downtime. (4) The use of quality tools to monitor whether the blunt tool, drill grinding to machine. (5) Dimensions can be detected immediately when the ultra-poor.
Multi-axis drilling machine ：This is a multi-axis machining to meet the requirements of the drill. Such as orientation, power, feed, speed and processing range. Displayed at the Paris Exhibition of multi-axis drilling machine with hydraulic multi-feed. Throughout its work, such as fast-forward through the bad, workers enter and clear the iron filings are all automatically. It is noteworthy that the majority of agencies with separate variable speed, so that one group can adapt to the different pore size hole processing needs. 1.2.4 automatic replacement machine tool spindle box
In order to rationalize the needs of small and medium volume production in recent years the development of the automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box.
(1) The automatic replacement spindle machine
Automatic replacement of rotary spindle machine tool spindle box at the top is a library, there are several non-adjustable hanging spindle box. Vertical and horizontal patch panel to the first series of good working procedures, so that the corresponding spindle box into the processing station, location and with the power connection tight, and then turn to the table with the workpiece spindle box below, upward mobility for processing. When the change processing object, as long as the exchange suspension spindle box, you can pass with different processes for different needs.
(2) The multi-axis machine tool turret
Turret to install more non-adjustable or universal coupling spindle box, turret can automatically switch to digital, and clamp the workpiece in the rotary table to feed motion. Through the rotary table can be a number of workpiece surface. Because the turret not be too big, so it is generally not exceed the median of workers 4-6. And the spindle box is also not too large. When the machining process more objects, size larger, it should automatically replace the machine tool spindle box fit, but its simple structure.
(3) Automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box
It consists of automatic line or a combination of standard machine parts. Non-adjustable multi-axle box and power box by home base in the horizontal, the spindle rotates, the entire case library fastening device to the system in the slip into the board. Library Headstock rotation and feed movement is based on standard routines of work. Headstock time for a few seconds. Clamping the hydraulic sub-degree rotary table so that each workpiece surface. Good fruit rotary table accompanied by discharging device, we can co-flow production automation. In the variable production system using this device, accompanied by the corresponding controller can obtain a complete processing system.
(4) 8-axis CNC drill floor
Large condenser water wall tube plate holes as many as 15,000, which linked together with the support plate processing. Diameter of 20 mm, hole depth 180 mm. Used inside the cooling pipe has a twist drill ,5-7 bar pressure, coolant directly into the cutting area is conducive to chip removal. And ground into a 90 ° drill point for the self-centering. Durable than regular twist drill, and a large quantity of feed. To shorten the processing time to 8-axis CNC machining floor.
trends in multi-axis machining ：Multi-axis machining high production efficiency, low investment and production preparation cycle is short, product modification, when a small loss of equipment. And as China's CNC technology, the scope of multi-axis machining will become the broad, processing efficiency will be improved.
production tasks ：A group of cast-iron joints have the same surface processing with multiple holes. In the general processing of vertical holes on the drill, usually a hole a hole drilling, production efficiency is low, use non-standard equipment, that is, combination of machining, production efficiency is high, but the large investment in equipment.
However, the number of common vertical drilling machine to transform ordinary single-axis vertical multi-axis drilling machine after transformation, multi-axis drilling machine can simultaneously perform multiple hole drilling, expansion, hinges, and other processes.