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附 錄
附錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)原文
Introduce dual-clutch automatic transmission
The clutch is located in engine and transmission between engine and transmission power transfer "switch", it is a kind already can transmit power, and can cut off power transmission mechanism. Its major functions is to guarantee the car can smooth start, variable speed change Block transmission gears when reduce the impact load and prevent transmission overload. In general bus, auto shift by clutch separation and joints when, in separation and realize between mating have power transfer temporary interruption phenomenon. In the ordinary bus no effect, but the clock in your car, if the clutch master bad power behind the speed will slow, affect scores.
In order to solve this problem, the early 1980s, the automotive engineering will make a double clutch system transmission, abbreviation vehicles.the (English name: Direct Shift Gearbox), assembly on the car, can eliminate shifting clutch of power transfer stagnation phenomenon. For example BuJiaDi EBl6.4 Veyron new 7 speed transmission is the device for double clutch, from a gear change to another gear, time can't exceed 0.2 seconds. Now, the double clutch has been applied to general from racing cars. Audi car company's new audi TT sports car and the new audi A3 have device the vehicles.the. These car assembly vehicles.the purpose is can more smoothly than automatic transmission gear shift, won't have hysteresis phenomenon.
Double on-off gearbox (DCT) also called directly shift gearbox (vehicles.the). Count down it also has the nearly 70 years of history, but for a very long time and this gearbox are unknown, and the genuine used in mass production car is not long ago things. Double on-off gearbox advantages obviously, but its internal structure by comparison is very complicated. First of all it has two clutches respectively by electronic control and push by hydraulic system, and two clutches corresponding two groups of planetary gear transmission, so also corresponding complex is divided into two parts, the center of solid shaft is responsible for a set of gear, and hollow shaft responsible for another group. Visible double re-rotating the internal structure of the almost overturned thoroughly traditional gearbox form.
The working principle of double on-off gearbox can be simple understanding for a clutch corresponding odd block, another clutch corresponding even block. When the vehicle hangs in a block, another clutch and corresponding next shift has been located in preparation condition, when Former gears separation is immediately jointing next shift gearbox, accordingly double on-off shift speed than the average gearbox even manual gearbox faster. Besides double on-off gearbox although internal complex, but the actual volume and weight compared with automatic transmission character and not how much more than manual gearbox, therefore equipment double on-off gearbox models not smooth too burdensome for himself.
At present domestic in the sale equipment double on-off gearbox models numbered, representative is public its Wallace GTI, EOS leaps, and still cool and equipped with double on-off gearbox soar team and loungyee will also listed in the near future. In addition S40 also have double Volvo re-rotating version. And many of the cars are porsche adopted dual on-off gearbox.
Audi the double clutch system transmission is a whole, there have been six gear, clutch and transmission assembly at the same facility, two clutch cooperate each other work. This good metaphor a car had two sets of clutch, are driver control a set, vice driver control another set. Are the driver hang 1 file loosen clutch pedal started, the deputy drivers advance hang pot 2 but trample clutch pedal, When the speed up ready to shift and are driver trample clutch pedal while vice driver namely loosen clutch pedal, second gear began to work. Thus omitted rotary-switching empty flash, continuous power transfer, and a bit like the relay race. Double clutch system two sets of clutch transmission system, through computer control coordination work.
When the automobile driving in a normal, a clutch and transmission of a gear are linked together, the engine power transfer to the drive wheels, Computer based on the speed and speed for driver shifting intention judgement, foresight to control another clutch with another gear gears connected, but only is in the ready state, has not yet connected with engine power. Shift when first clutch disconnect, at the same time the first 2 clutch will have connected gears and engine joint. Besides, a clutch except gap is closed, another clutch is in the open.Two root transmission shaft respectively by first and second clutch to control and engine power connection and disconnected, are respectively responsible for 1, 3, 5 files and 2, 4 and 6 shifting gear transform. Considering the parts service life, the designer chose tanker diaphragm type clutch, clutch action by the hydraulic system to control.
Vehicles.the transmission is mainly to consumer demand for driving sensation and vehicle fuel-efficient double request, for manual transmission drivers like provides the best choice. Equipped with vehicles.the engine because of fast gear conversion can arise immediately traction and greater flexibility, acceleration time than manual transmission more quick.Advantages:Power transmission coherent with higher efficiency and Editor this section,faults:Complex structure present and manufacturing cost is higher.
附錄B 外文文獻(xiàn)中文翻譯
雙離合式自動(dòng)變速器介紹
離合器位于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速器之間，是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速器動(dòng)力傳遞的“開(kāi)關(guān)”，它是一種既能傳遞動(dòng)力，又能切斷動(dòng)力的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。它的作用主要是保證汽車(chē)能平穩(wěn)起步，變速換 擋時(shí)減輕變速齒輪的沖擊載荷并防止傳動(dòng)系過(guò)載。在一般汽車(chē)上，汽車(chē)換檔時(shí)通過(guò)離合器分離與接合實(shí)現(xiàn)，在分離與接合之間就有動(dòng)力傳遞暫時(shí)中斷的現(xiàn)象。這在普通汽車(chē)上沒(méi)有什么影響，但在爭(zhēng)分奪秒的賽車(chē)上，如果離合器掌握不好動(dòng)力跟不上，車(chē)速就會(huì)變慢，影響成績(jī)。
為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，早在上世紀(jì)80年代，汽車(chē)工程界就弄出了一個(gè)雙離合系統(tǒng)變速器，簡(jiǎn)稱DSG（英文全稱：Direct Shift Gearbox），裝配在賽車(chē)上，能消除換檔離合時(shí)的動(dòng)力傳遞停滯現(xiàn)象。例如 布加迪EBl6.4 Veyron的新型7速變速器是裝置了雙離合器，從一個(gè)檔位換到另一個(gè)檔位，時(shí)間不會(huì)超過(guò)0.2秒。現(xiàn)在，這種雙離合器已經(jīng)從賽車(chē)應(yīng)用到一般跑車(chē)上。奧迪汽車(chē)公司的新型奧迪TT跑車(chē)和新奧迪A3都已經(jīng)裝置了這種DSG。這些汽車(chē)裝配DSG的目的是可以比自動(dòng)變速器更加平順地?fù)Q檔，不會(huì)有遲滯現(xiàn)象。
雙離合變速箱（DCT）也稱直接換擋變速箱（DSG）。算下來(lái)它也有近70年的歷史，但很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)這種變速箱并不為人所知，而真正應(yīng)用在量產(chǎn)車(chē)上也是不久以前的事情。雙離合變速箱優(yōu)勢(shì)很明顯，但其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)相比下非常復(fù)雜。首先它有兩組離合器分別由電子控制并由液壓系統(tǒng)推動(dòng)，而兩組離合器分別對(duì)應(yīng)兩組行星齒輪，這樣傳動(dòng)軸也相應(yīng)復(fù)雜的被分為兩部分，中心的實(shí)心傳動(dòng)軸負(fù)責(zé)一組齒輪，而空心傳動(dòng)軸負(fù)責(zé)另一組?？梢?jiàn)雙離合的內(nèi)部構(gòu)造幾乎徹底顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的變速箱形式。 雙離合變速箱的工作原理可以簡(jiǎn)單理解為一個(gè)離合器對(duì)應(yīng)奇數(shù)擋，另一離合器對(duì)應(yīng)偶數(shù)擋。當(dāng)車(chē)輛掛入一個(gè)擋位時(shí)，另一個(gè)離合器及對(duì)應(yīng)的下一個(gè)擋位已經(jīng)位于預(yù)備狀態(tài)，只要當(dāng) 雙離合變速箱(DCT) 前擋位分離就可以立刻接合下一個(gè)擋位，因此雙離合變速箱的換擋速度要比一般的自動(dòng)變速箱甚至手動(dòng)變速箱還快。此外雙離合變速箱雖然內(nèi)部復(fù)雜，但實(shí)際體積和重量相比自動(dòng)變速箱而言并沒(méi)有比手動(dòng)變速箱增加多少，因此裝備雙離合變速箱的車(chē)型不會(huì)為自己平添過(guò)多的負(fù)擔(dān)。
目前國(guó)內(nèi)在售的裝備雙離合變速箱的車(chē)型屈指可數(shù)，具代表性的是大眾旗下的邁騰、GTI、EOS以及尚酷，而裝備雙離合變速箱的速騰及朗逸也會(huì)在不久的將來(lái)上市。此外沃爾沃S40也有雙離合版本。而保時(shí)捷的眾多車(chē)型也都采用了雙離合變速箱。奧迪這種雙離合系統(tǒng)變速器是一個(gè)整體，有6個(gè)檔位，離合器與變速器裝配在同一機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)，兩個(gè)離合器互相配合工作。這好比喻一輛車(chē)有兩套離合器，正司機(jī)控制一套，副司機(jī)控制另一套。正司機(jī)掛上1檔松開(kāi)離合踏板起步時(shí)，這時(shí)副司機(jī)也預(yù)先掛上2檔但踩住離合踏板；當(dāng)車(chē)速上來(lái)準(zhǔn)備換檔，正司機(jī)踩住離合踏板的同時(shí)副司機(jī)即松開(kāi)離合踏板，2檔開(kāi)始工作。這樣就省略了檔位空置的一剎那，動(dòng)力傳遞連續(xù)，有點(diǎn)象接力賽。雙離合系統(tǒng)兩套離合器傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)電腦控制協(xié)調(diào)工作。當(dāng)汽車(chē)正常行駛的時(shí)候，一個(gè)離合器與變速器中某一檔位相連，將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力傳遞到驅(qū)動(dòng)輪；電腦根據(jù)汽車(chē)速度和轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)駕駛者的換檔意圖做出判斷，預(yù)見(jiàn)性地控制另一個(gè)離合器與另一個(gè)檔位的齒輪組相連，但僅處于準(zhǔn)備狀態(tài)，尚未與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力相連。換檔時(shí)第1個(gè)離合器斷開(kāi)，同時(shí)第2個(gè)離合器將所相連的齒輪組與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)接合。除了空檔之外，一個(gè)離合器處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，另一個(gè)離合器則處于打開(kāi)狀態(tài)。兩根傳動(dòng)軸分別由第一、第二離合器控制與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力的連接與斷開(kāi)，分別負(fù)責(zé)1、3、5檔和2、4、6檔的檔位變換。考慮到零件使用壽命，設(shè)計(jì)人員選擇了油槽膜片式離合器，離合器動(dòng)作由液壓系統(tǒng)來(lái)控制。
DSG變速器主要是要滿足消費(fèi)者對(duì)駕駛感覺(jué)和車(chē)輛節(jié)油的雙重要求，為喜歡手動(dòng)變速器的駕駛者提供了最佳選擇。配備了DSG的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)由于快速的齒輪轉(zhuǎn)換能夠馬上產(chǎn)生牽引力和更大的靈活性，加速時(shí)間比手動(dòng)變速器更加迅捷。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)力傳輸連貫、效率較高，缺點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、現(xiàn)階段制造成本較高。
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