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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(論文)
作 者:
學(xué) 號(hào):
系 部:
專(zhuān) 業(yè):
題 目:
轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)加工工藝及
關(guān)鍵工序工裝設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)者:
評(píng)閱者:
2009 年 6 月
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(論文)中文摘要
工藝規(guī)程是工裝設(shè)計(jì)、制造和確定零件加工方法與加工路線的主要依據(jù),它對(duì)組織生產(chǎn)、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、降低成本、縮短生產(chǎn)周期及改善勞動(dòng)條件等都有著直接的影響,因此是生產(chǎn)中的關(guān)鍵工作。夾具在機(jī)械加工中起著重要的作用,它直接影響著機(jī)械加工的質(zhì)量,生產(chǎn)效率和成本,因此,夾具設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械工藝準(zhǔn)備和施工中的一項(xiàng)重要工作。本文對(duì)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝進(jìn)行了分析,確定了機(jī)械加工工藝路線,制訂出了零件的鑄造工藝方案和機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程,并為加工零件上直徑mm的孔設(shè)計(jì)了一套專(zhuān)用鉆床夾具和專(zhuān)用組合機(jī)床。
關(guān)鍵詞 加工工藝 鑄造工藝 工藝規(guī)程 夾具設(shè)計(jì)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(論文)外文摘要
Abstract
The process is the base of frock design、manufacturing、the method of machining and machining route. Its function is flowing: organizing produce, controlling quality, enhancing productivity, reducing cost, reducing produce periods, improving work conditions, etc. So, the process planning is the core part of produce. Fixture is very important equipment in process of machine manufacturing because it can directly affect the quality of products and productivity and cost. So fixture designing is also a basilica portion in machine process preparative and manufacture. This thesis is about the analysis with the craftwork and the structure of the speed governor tray , make sure the process route, establish the foundry process project and the process planning of the parts, and design a set of appropriative fixture for the bore with diameter 10mm.
Keywords Group technology Foundry technology Process planning Fixture design
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
學(xué) 生 姓 名:
學(xué) 號(hào):
專(zhuān) 業(yè):
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目:
轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)加工工藝及
關(guān)鍵工序工裝設(shè)計(jì)
指 導(dǎo) 教 師:
2009 年 3 月 22 日
開(kāi)題報(bào)告填寫(xiě)要求
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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)(論 文)開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告
1.結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)課題情況,根據(jù)所查閱的文獻(xiàn)資料,每人撰寫(xiě)
2000字左右的文獻(xiàn)綜述:
文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述
摘要 本文著重講述了機(jī)械行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì),轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)的用途,機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的作用及內(nèi)容以及夾具設(shè)計(jì)。隨著科學(xué)的日益發(fā)展進(jìn)步和國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的調(diào)整,工程機(jī)械行業(yè)已成為沒(méi)有政策壁壘的完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行業(yè)。
關(guān)鍵詞 工藝規(guī)程 加工工藝 夾具設(shè)計(jì)
1.機(jī)械行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
機(jī)械工業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的裝備產(chǎn)業(yè),是科學(xué)技術(shù)物化的基礎(chǔ),是高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的載體,是國(guó)防建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)工業(yè),也是為提高人民生活質(zhì)量提供消費(fèi)類(lèi)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的行業(yè)。機(jī)械工業(yè)具有產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)度高,需求彈性大,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)帶動(dòng)促進(jìn)作用強(qiáng),對(duì)國(guó)家積累和社會(huì)就業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)大等特點(diǎn)。各工業(yè)化國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的歷程表明,沒(méi)有強(qiáng)大的裝備制造業(yè),就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化和信息化。目前裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展滯后是制約我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的重要因素,加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度,推進(jìn)機(jī)械工業(yè)持續(xù)、健康、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式,提高國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體素質(zhì),增強(qiáng)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,保障國(guó)防安全等都具有重要而深遠(yuǎn)的意義。
目前機(jī)械工業(yè)全行業(yè)擁有企業(yè)3.97萬(wàn)個(gè),其中工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)系統(tǒng)企業(yè)2.99萬(wàn)個(gè),從業(yè)人員1118.1多萬(wàn)人。從事6大類(lèi)、48中類(lèi)、205小類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。全國(guó)規(guī)模以上機(jī)械工業(yè)企業(yè)總產(chǎn)值完成28489億元,同比增長(zhǎng)25.12%;按90年不變價(jià)計(jì)算的總產(chǎn)值完成28206億元,同比增長(zhǎng)23.39%。這一增長(zhǎng)速度比同期全國(guó)工業(yè)增速15.70%和18.90%分別高9.42個(gè)百分點(diǎn)和4.49個(gè)百分點(diǎn),居工業(yè)各行業(yè)之首。全行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)的凈利潤(rùn)和交納的稅金也分別達(dá)到了831.1億元和694.8億元。這是機(jī)械工業(yè)持續(xù)五年增長(zhǎng),而且是我國(guó)機(jī)械行業(yè)歷史上罕見(jiàn)的高速。機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)過(guò)改組,多種成分共同發(fā)展、相互促進(jìn)的局面已基本形成。民營(yíng)資本主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)已占機(jī)械行業(yè)的40%,三資企業(yè)主要指標(biāo)占全行業(yè)的30%左右,而利潤(rùn)和出口交貨值分別超過(guò)全行業(yè)的50%和60%。
2.轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)的用途
轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)從整體上來(lái)說(shuō),其徑向尺寸比軸向尺寸大,因此,可以將其劃定為不規(guī)則的盤(pán)類(lèi)零件。零件上直徑為Φ10mm的孔裝一偏心軸,此軸一端通過(guò)銷(xiāo)與手柄相連,另一端與油門(mén)拉桿相連。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手柄,偏心軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),油門(mén)拉桿即可打開(kāi)油門(mén)(增速)或關(guān)小油門(mén)(減速);兩個(gè)直徑為Φ6mm孔裝兩個(gè)定位銷(xiāo),起限位作用。手柄可在120°內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)級(jí)變速。轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)通過(guò)兩個(gè)直徑為Φ9mm的螺栓孔用M8螺栓與柴油機(jī)機(jī)體相連。
3.機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的作用及內(nèi)容
機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的主要作用:①機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程是生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備工作的主要依據(jù)。根據(jù)它來(lái)組織原材料和毛坯的供應(yīng),進(jìn)行機(jī)床調(diào)整,專(zhuān)用工藝裝備的設(shè)計(jì)與制造,編制生產(chǎn)作業(yè)計(jì)劃,調(diào)配勞動(dòng)力,以及進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)成本核算等。②機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程也是組織生產(chǎn)、進(jìn)行計(jì)劃調(diào)度的依據(jù)。有了它就可以制定生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃和相應(yīng)的調(diào)度計(jì)劃,并能做到各工序科學(xué)地銜接,使生產(chǎn)均衡、順利,實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)和低消耗。③機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程是新建工廠的基本技術(shù)文件。根據(jù)它和生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng),才能確定所需機(jī)床的種類(lèi)和數(shù)量、工廠的面積、機(jī)床的平面布置、生產(chǎn)工人的工種、等級(jí)和數(shù)量、以及各輔助部門(mén)的安排等。
機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程包括的內(nèi)容是機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程卡片和機(jī)械加工工序卡片,是兩個(gè)主要的工藝文件。機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程卡片,是說(shuō)明零件加工工藝過(guò)程的工藝文件。在單件、小批量生產(chǎn)中,以機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程卡片指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn),過(guò)程卡的各個(gè)項(xiàng)目編制較為詳細(xì)。機(jī)械加工工序卡片是為每個(gè)工序詳細(xì)制定的,用于直接指導(dǎo)工人進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),多用于大批量生產(chǎn)的零件和成批生產(chǎn)中的重要零件。
制訂機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的步驟如下:①根據(jù)零件的生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)決定生產(chǎn)類(lèi)型;②分析零件加工的工藝性;③選擇毛坯的種類(lèi)和制造方法;④擬訂工藝過(guò)程;⑤工序設(shè)計(jì);⑥編制工藝文件。
4.夾具設(shè)計(jì)
在機(jī)床上裝夾工件所使用的工藝裝備稱(chēng)為機(jī)床夾具。夾具是機(jī)械加工不可缺少的部件,在機(jī)床技術(shù)向高速、高效、精密、復(fù)合、智能、環(huán)保方向發(fā)展的帶動(dòng)下,夾具技術(shù)正朝著高精、高效、模塊、組合、通用、經(jīng)濟(jì)方向發(fā)展。機(jī)床夾具由定位元件、夾緊裝置、對(duì)刀及導(dǎo)引元件、連接元件、夾具體、其他裝置或元件組成。定位元件、夾緊裝置和夾具體是夾具的基本組成部分。
按夾具的應(yīng)用范圍分類(lèi)有通用夾具、專(zhuān)用夾具、成組夾具、組合夾具等;按夾具上的動(dòng)力源分類(lèi)有手動(dòng)夾具、氣動(dòng)夾具、液壓夾具、電動(dòng)夾具、磁力夾具、真空夾具、切削力及離心力夾具等。
機(jī)床夾具的主要作用為:①易于保證加工精度,并使一批工件的加工精度穩(wěn)定;②縮短輔助時(shí)間,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,降低生產(chǎn)成本;③減輕工人操作強(qiáng)度,降低對(duì)工人的技術(shù)要求;④擴(kuò)大機(jī)床的工藝范圍,實(shí)現(xiàn)一機(jī)多能;⑤減少生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間,縮短新產(chǎn)品試制周期。
定位是指確定工件在機(jī)床或夾具中占有正確位置的過(guò)程。夾緊是指工件定位后將其固定,使工件在加工過(guò)程中保持定位位置不變的操作。工件在夾具中的定位通常有以下四種情況:完全定位、部分定位、欠定位、重復(fù)定位。工件在夾具中的夾緊是由夾具的夾緊裝置完成的。夾緊裝置通常由動(dòng)力裝置和夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)兩大部分組成。典型的夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)有斜楔夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)、螺旋夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)、圓偏心夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)、定心夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)、鉸鏈夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)、聯(lián)動(dòng)夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)等。夾緊動(dòng)力裝置有氣動(dòng)夾緊裝置、液壓夾緊裝置、電磁夾緊裝置、真空夾緊裝置等。
5.組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)
5.1 組合機(jī)床的特點(diǎn)
組合機(jī)床是由大量的通用部件和少量專(zhuān)用部件組成的工序集中的高效率專(zhuān)用機(jī)床。它能夠?qū)σ环N(或幾種)零件進(jìn)行多刀、多軸、多面、多工位加工。在組合機(jī)床上可以完成鉆孔、擴(kuò)孔、銑削磨削等工序,生產(chǎn)效率高,加工精度穩(wěn)定。
組合機(jī)床與通用機(jī)床、其他專(zhuān)用機(jī)床比較,具有以下特點(diǎn):
(1) 組合機(jī)床上的通用部件和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件約占全部機(jī)床零、部件總量的70~80%,因此設(shè)計(jì)和制造的周期短,投資少,經(jīng)濟(jì)效果好。
(2) 由于組合機(jī)床采用多刀加工,并且自動(dòng)化程度高,因此比通用機(jī)床生產(chǎn)效率高,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度低。
(3) 組合機(jī)床的通用部件是經(jīng)過(guò)周密設(shè)計(jì)和長(zhǎng)期生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐考驗(yàn)的,又有廠成批制造,因此結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定、工作可靠,使用和維修方便。
(4) 在組合機(jī)床上加工零件時(shí),由于采用專(zhuān)用夾具、刀具和導(dǎo)向裝置等,加工質(zhì)量靠工藝裝備保證,對(duì)操作工人水平要求不高。
(5)當(dāng)被加工產(chǎn)品更新時(shí),采用其他類(lèi)型的專(zhuān)用機(jī)床時(shí),其大部分件要報(bào)廢。用組合機(jī)床時(shí),其通用部件和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件可以重復(fù)利用,不必另行設(shè)計(jì)和制造。
(6)組合機(jī)床易于聯(lián)成組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線,以適應(yīng)大規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)需要。
組合機(jī)床常用的通用部件有:機(jī)身、底座、立柱、動(dòng)力箱、動(dòng)力滑臺(tái),各種工藝切削頭等。對(duì)于一些按循序加工的多工位組合機(jī)床,還具有移動(dòng)工作臺(tái)或回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)。
動(dòng)力箱、各種工藝切削頭和動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)是組合機(jī)床完成切削主運(yùn)動(dòng)或進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力部件。其中還有能同時(shí)完成切削主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力頭。
機(jī)身、立柱、中間底座等是組合機(jī)床的支承部件,起著機(jī)床的基礎(chǔ)骨架作用。組合機(jī)床的剛度和部件之間的精度保持性,主要是由這些部件保證。
5.2 組合機(jī)床的分類(lèi)和組成
組合機(jī)床的通用部件分大型和小型兩大類(lèi)。大型通用部件是指電機(jī)功率為1.5-3.0千瓦的動(dòng)力部件及其配套部件。這類(lèi)動(dòng)力部件多為箱體移動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。小型通用部件是指電機(jī)功率為1.1-2.2千瓦的動(dòng)力部件及其配套部件。這類(lèi)動(dòng)力部件多為套筒移動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。用大型通用部件組成的機(jī)床稱(chēng)為大型組合機(jī)床。用小型通用部件真誠(chéng)的機(jī)床稱(chēng)為小型組合機(jī)床。按設(shè)計(jì)的要求本次設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)床為小型通用機(jī)床。
組合機(jī)床除分為大型和小型外,按配置形式又分為單工為和多工位機(jī)床兩大類(lèi)。單工位機(jī)床又有單面、雙面、三面和四面幾種,多工位機(jī)床則有移動(dòng)工作臺(tái)式、回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)式、中央立柱式和回轉(zhuǎn)鼓輪式等配置型式。
參 考 文 獻(xiàn)
[1] 東北重型機(jī)械學(xué)院,洛陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)春汽車(chē)廠工人大學(xué),機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)[M].上海:上??茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1984.
[2] 李洪,機(jī)械加工工藝手冊(cè)[M].北京:北京出版社,1996.
[3] 李慶壽,機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1991.
[4] 張進(jìn)生,機(jī)械制造工藝與夾具設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1995.
[5] 上海市金屬切削技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì),金屬切削手冊(cè)[M].上海:上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2004.
[6] 黃如林,劉新佳,汪群,切削加工簡(jiǎn)明實(shí)用手冊(cè)[M].沈陽(yáng):化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2004.
[7] 王光斗,王春福,機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)[M].上海:上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2002.
[8] 周永強(qiáng),高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)[M].北京:中國(guó)建材工業(yè)出版社,2002.
[9] 劉文劍,曹天河,趙維,夾具工程師手冊(cè)[M].哈爾濱:黑龍江科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1987.
[10] 余光國(guó),馬俊,張興發(fā),機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)[M].重慶:重慶大學(xué)出版社,1995.
[11] 東北重型機(jī)械學(xué)院,洛陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)春汽車(chē)廠工人大學(xué),機(jī)床夾具設(shè)
計(jì)手冊(cè)[M].上海:上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1980.
[12] 李慶壽,機(jī)械制造工藝裝備設(shè)計(jì)適用手冊(cè)[M].銀州:寧夏人民出版社,1991.
[13] 廖念釗,莫雨松,李碩根,互換性與技術(shù)測(cè)量[M].北京:中國(guó)計(jì)量出版社,
2000:9~19.
[14] 王光斗,王春福,機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)[M].上海:上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2000.
[15] 樂(lè)兌謙,金屬切削刀具,北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005:4~17.
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2.本課題要研究或解決的問(wèn)題和擬采用的研究手段(途徑):
一、課題研究?jī)?nèi)容
由于轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)它結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊性,所以不能用以往各類(lèi)盤(pán)套類(lèi)夾具來(lái)應(yīng)用,應(yīng)該針對(duì)它這個(gè)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)出對(duì)應(yīng)的鉆床夾具。最后用相關(guān)的繪圖軟件繪出零件圖和裝配圖。
本課題是轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)鉆床夾具的設(shè)計(jì)與制造,需要研究或解決的問(wèn)題有如下幾個(gè)方
面:
1.認(rèn)真查閱資料,分析轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)以及相關(guān)的技術(shù)要求。
2.分析通用夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)以及相關(guān)的技術(shù)規(guī)范。
3.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)出適合的鉆床夾具結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.材料的選擇。根據(jù)材料的性能不同和經(jīng)濟(jì)性,選擇適合的夾具材料。同時(shí)還要對(duì)夾具做受力分析,計(jì)算夾緊力,是否滿(mǎn)足要求。
5.?dāng)M訂工藝路線。首先劃分加工階段,然后選擇表面的加工方法和合適的定位基
準(zhǔn),最后確定工序安排的原則。
6.確定工序的設(shè)計(jì)。首先選擇機(jī)床和工件(刀具和夾具),然后確定加工余量和工序尺寸,最后計(jì)算尺寸鏈。
7.編寫(xiě)工藝過(guò)程卡片,制定工藝規(guī)程。
8. 設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵工序加工的組合機(jī)床,包括“三圖一卡”
二、研究途徑(手段)
1.通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)了解轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)夾具的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)原理。
2.通過(guò)查閱書(shū)籍和資料,設(shè)計(jì)出幾個(gè)方案,對(duì)偏心軸套銑夾具的優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行總結(jié),然后選擇最合理的鉆床夾具。
3.對(duì)照畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)中的相關(guān)技術(shù)要求對(duì)夾具進(jìn)行計(jì)算,得出合理的設(shè)計(jì)。
4.利用CAD和PRO/E完成偏心軸套銑夾具的零件圖和裝配圖的繪制。
5.組合機(jī)床的方案選擇
(1)制定工藝方案 要深入現(xiàn)場(chǎng)了解被加工零件的加工特點(diǎn)、精度和技術(shù)要求、定位夾壓情況以及生產(chǎn)率的要求等。確定在組合機(jī)床上完成的工藝內(nèi)容及其加工方法。這里要確定加工工步數(shù),決定刀具的種類(lèi)和型式。
(2)機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)方案的分析和確定 根據(jù)工藝方案確定機(jī)床的型式和總體布局。在選擇機(jī)床配置型式時(shí),既要考慮實(shí)現(xiàn)工藝方案,保證加工精度,技術(shù)要求及生產(chǎn)效率;又要考慮機(jī)床操作、維護(hù)、修理是否良好;還要注意被加工零件的生產(chǎn)批量,以便使設(shè)計(jì)的組合機(jī)床符合多快好省的要求。
(3)組合機(jī)床總體方案 這里要確定機(jī)床各部件間的相互關(guān)系,選擇通用部件的刀具的導(dǎo)向,計(jì)算切削用量及機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率。給制機(jī)床的總聯(lián)系尺寸圖及加工示意圖等。
(4)組合機(jī)床的部份方案和施工方案 制定組合機(jī)床流水線的方案時(shí),與一般單個(gè)的組合機(jī)床方案有所不同。 流水線上由于工序的組合不同,機(jī)床的型式和數(shù)量都會(huì)有較大的變化。因此,這時(shí)應(yīng)按流水線進(jìn)行全面考慮,而不應(yīng)將某一臺(tái)或幾臺(tái)機(jī)床分裂開(kāi)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)。即使暫時(shí)不能全面地進(jìn)行流水線設(shè)計(jì),制定方案時(shí)也應(yīng)綜合研究,才能將工序組合得更為合理,更可靠地滿(mǎn)足工件的加工要求,用較多的工作,也為進(jìn)一步發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了有利條件。
以上只是對(duì)本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的一些初步思考,在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中將不斷糾正設(shè)計(jì)方向,完善設(shè)計(jì)理念。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)(論 文)開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn):
1.對(duì)“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評(píng)語(yǔ):
2.對(duì)本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見(jiàn)和對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)結(jié)果的預(yù)測(cè):
指導(dǎo)教師:
年 月 日
所在專(zhuān)業(yè)審查意見(jiàn):
負(fù)責(zé)人:
年 月 日
被加工
零件
圖號(hào)
毛坯種類(lèi)
鑄件
名稱(chēng)
轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)
毛坯重量
材料
HT200
硬度
175~255HBS
工序名稱(chēng)
鉆Φ9.8孔
工序號(hào)
序號(hào)
工步
名稱(chēng)
工作行程/
mm
切速/
(m/min)
進(jìn)給量/
(mm/r)
進(jìn)給量/
(mm/min)
工時(shí)/min
工進(jìn)
時(shí)間
輔助
時(shí)間
1
安裝工件
0.7
2
工件定位、夾緊
0.05
3
鉆頭快進(jìn)
150
5000
0.03
4
鉆頭工進(jìn)
30
6
0.43
84
0.36
5
死擋鐵停留
0.01
6
鉆頭快退
180
5000
0.036
7
工件松開(kāi)
0.05
8
卸下工件
0.7
備注
1. 一次安裝加工一個(gè)工件
2. 本機(jī)床裝卸工件時(shí)間取1.4min
累計(jì)
0.036
1.576
單件總工時(shí)
1.612
機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率
37.22(件/h)
理論生產(chǎn)率
27.17(件/h)
負(fù)荷率
73%
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(論文) 第 II 頁(yè) 共 Ⅱ 頁(yè)
目 錄
1 引言……………………………………………………………………………………1
2 零件分析………………………………………………………………………………2
2.1 零件的生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)及生產(chǎn)類(lèi)型………………………………………………………2
2.2 零件的作用…………………………………………………………………………2
2.3 零件的加工工藝分析………………………………………………………………2
2.4 零件主要技術(shù)條件分析及技術(shù)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題…………………………………………2
3 鑄造工藝方案設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………4
3.1 確定毛坯的成形方法………………………………………………………………4
3.2 鑄件結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性分析………………………………………………………………4
3.3 鑄造工藝方案的確定………………………………………………………………4
3.4 鑄造工藝參數(shù)的確定………………………………………………………………5
3.5 型芯設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………………5
4 機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………7
4.1 基面的選擇…………………………………………………………………………7
4.2 表面加工方案的選擇………………………………………………………………7
4.3 制訂機(jī)械加工工藝路線……………………………………………………………8
4.4 確定機(jī)械加工余量及工序尺寸……………………………………………………9
4.5 確定切削用量及基本工時(shí)……………………………………………………… 13
5 夾具設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………… 35
5.1 工件分析………………………………………………………………………… 35
5.2 繪制夾具總體圖………………………………………………………………… 41
6 組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………… 42
6.1 組合機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定……………………………………………………… 42
6.2 被加工零件工序圖繪制………………………………………………………… 42
6.3 被加工零件加工示意圖繪制…………………………………………………… 42
6.4 組合機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖的繪制…………………………………………………… 43
結(jié)束語(yǔ)………………………………………………………………………………… 44
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………… 45
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………… 46
附圖 1 轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)零件圖
附圖 2 轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)加工工藝過(guò)程綜合卡
附圖 3 轉(zhuǎn)速器盤(pán)加工工藝各工序工序卡
附圖 4 夾具裝配圖
附圖 5 被加工零件工序圖
附圖 6 被加工零件加工示意圖
附圖 7 組合機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯
系 部: 機(jī)械工程系
專(zhuān) 業(yè):
姓 名:
學(xué) 號(hào):
外文出處: Electromechanical Integration and
The development of Technology Trends
附 件: 1.外文資料翻譯譯文;2.外文原文。
指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ):
簽名:
年 月 日
附件1:外文資料翻譯譯文
機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)
一、機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展歷程及其趨勢(shì)
自電子技術(shù)一問(wèn)世,電子技術(shù)與機(jī)械技術(shù)的結(jié)合就開(kāi)始了,只是出現(xiàn)了半導(dǎo)體集成電路,尤其是出現(xiàn)了以微處理器為代表的大規(guī)模集成電路以后,機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)之后有了明顯進(jìn)展,引起了人們的廣泛注意。
(一)機(jī)電一體化的發(fā)展歷程
1.數(shù)控機(jī)床的問(wèn)世,寫(xiě)下了機(jī)電一體化歷史的第一頁(yè);
2.微電子技術(shù)為機(jī)電一體化帶來(lái)勃勃生機(jī);
3.可編程序控制器、電力電子等的發(fā)展為機(jī)電一體化提供了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ);
4.激光技術(shù)、模糊技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)等新技術(shù)使機(jī)電一體化躍上新臺(tái)階。
(二)機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
1.光機(jī)電一體化。一般的機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)是由傳感系統(tǒng)、能源系統(tǒng)、信息處理系統(tǒng)、機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)等部件組成的。因此,引進(jìn)光學(xué)技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)光學(xué)技術(shù)的先天優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能有效地改進(jìn)機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)的傳感系統(tǒng)、能源(動(dòng)力)系統(tǒng)和信息處理系統(tǒng)。光機(jī)電一體化是機(jī)電產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的重要趨勢(shì)。
2.自律分配系統(tǒng)化——柔性化。未來(lái)的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品,控制和執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)有足夠的冗余度,有較強(qiáng)的柔性,能較好地應(yīng)付突發(fā)事件,被設(shè)計(jì)成自律分配系統(tǒng)。在自律分配系統(tǒng)中,各個(gè)子系統(tǒng)是相互獨(dú)立工作的,子系統(tǒng)為總系統(tǒng)服務(wù),同時(shí)具有本身的自律性,可根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境條件作出不同反應(yīng)。其特點(diǎn)是子系統(tǒng)可產(chǎn)生本身的信息并附加所給信息,在總的前提下,具體行動(dòng)是可以改變的。這樣,既明顯地增加了系統(tǒng)的適應(yīng)能力(柔性),又不因某一子系統(tǒng)的故障而影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)。
3.全息系統(tǒng)化——智能化。今后的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品全息特征越來(lái)越明顯,智能化水平越來(lái)越高。這主要收益于模糊技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)(尤其是軟件及芯片技術(shù))的發(fā)展。除此之外,其系統(tǒng)的層次結(jié)構(gòu),也變簡(jiǎn)單的從上到下的形勢(shì)而為復(fù)雜的、有較多冗余度的雙向聯(lián)系。
4.生物一軟件化—仿生物系統(tǒng)化。今后的機(jī)電一體化裝置對(duì)信息的依賴(lài)性很大,并且往往在結(jié)構(gòu)上是處于靜態(tài)時(shí)不穩(wěn)定,但在動(dòng)態(tài)(工作)時(shí)卻是穩(wěn)定的。這有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似于活的生物:當(dāng)控制系統(tǒng)(大腦)停止工作時(shí),生物便死亡,而當(dāng)控制系統(tǒng)(大腦)工作時(shí),生物就很有活力。仿生學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中已發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些生物體優(yōu)良的機(jī)構(gòu)可為機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品提供新型機(jī)體,但如何使這些新型機(jī)體具有活的生命還有待于深入研究。這一研究領(lǐng)域稱(chēng)為生物——軟件或生物——系統(tǒng),而生物的特點(diǎn)是硬件(肌體)——軟件(大腦)一體,不可分割。看來(lái),機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品雖然有向生物系統(tǒng)化發(fā)展趨,但有一段漫長(zhǎng)的道路要走。
5.微型機(jī)電化——微型化。目前,利用半導(dǎo)體器件制造過(guò)程中的蝕刻技術(shù),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中已制造出亞微米級(jí)的機(jī)械元件。當(dāng)將這一成果用于實(shí)際產(chǎn)品時(shí),就沒(méi)有必要區(qū)分機(jī)械部分和控制器了。屆時(shí)機(jī)械和電子完全可以融合,機(jī)體、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、傳感器、CPU等可集成在一起,體積很小,并組成一種自律元件。這種微型機(jī)械學(xué)是機(jī)電一體化的重要發(fā)展方向。
二、典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品
機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品分系統(tǒng)(整機(jī))和基礎(chǔ)元、部件兩大類(lèi)。典型的機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)有:數(shù)控機(jī)床、機(jī)器人、汽車(chē)電子化產(chǎn)品、智能化儀器儀表、電子排版印刷系統(tǒng)、CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)等。典型的機(jī)電一體化元、部件有:電力電子器件及裝置、可編程序控制器、模糊控制器、微型電機(jī)、傳感器、專(zhuān)用集成電路、伺服機(jī)構(gòu)等。這些典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、市場(chǎng)前景分析從略。
三、我國(guó)發(fā)展機(jī)電一體化面臨的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)
機(jī)電一體化工作主要包括兩個(gè)層次:一是用微電子技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè),其目的是節(jié)能、節(jié)材,提高工效,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,把傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步提高一步;二是開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)化、數(shù)字化、智能化機(jī)電產(chǎn)品,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代。
(一)我國(guó)機(jī)電一體化工作面臨的形勢(shì)
1. 我國(guó)用微電子技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的工作量大而廣,有難度。
2. 我國(guó)用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)加速產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代,提高市場(chǎng)占有率的呼聲高,有壓力。
3. 我國(guó)用機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品取代技術(shù)含量和附加值低,耗能、耗水、耗材高、污染、擾民產(chǎn)品的責(zé)任重,有意義。在我國(guó)工業(yè)系統(tǒng)中,能耗、耗水大戶(hù),對(duì)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重的企業(yè)還占相當(dāng)大的比重。近年來(lái)我國(guó)的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)雖然幾經(jīng)調(diào)整,但由于多種原因,成效一直不夠明顯。這里面固然有上級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門(mén)的政出多門(mén)問(wèn)題,有企業(yè)的故土難離,死守故業(yè)問(wèn)題,但不可否認(rèn)也有優(yōu)化不出理想的產(chǎn)業(yè),優(yōu)選不出中意的產(chǎn)品問(wèn)題。上佳的答案早就擺在了這些企業(yè)的面前,這就是發(fā)展機(jī)電一體化,開(kāi)發(fā)和生產(chǎn)有關(guān)的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品功能強(qiáng)、性能好、質(zhì)量高、成本低,且具有柔性,可根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需要和用戶(hù)反映時(shí)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程做必要的調(diào)整、改革,而無(wú)須改換設(shè)備。這是解決機(jī)電產(chǎn)品多品種、少批量生產(chǎn)的重要出路。同時(shí),可為傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械工業(yè)注入新鮮血液,帶來(lái)新的活力,把機(jī)械生產(chǎn)從繁重的體力勞動(dòng)中解脫出來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)文明生產(chǎn)。
另外,從市場(chǎng)需求的角度看,由于我國(guó)研制、開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的歷史不長(zhǎng),差距較大,許多產(chǎn)品的品種、數(shù)量、檔次、質(zhì)量都不能滿(mǎn)足需求,每年進(jìn)口量都比較大,因此亟需發(fā)展。
(二) 我國(guó)機(jī)電一體化工作的任務(wù)
我國(guó)在機(jī)電一體化方面的任務(wù)可以概括為兩句話(huà):一句話(huà)是廣泛深入地用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè);另一句話(huà)是大張旗鼓地開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品,促進(jìn)機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代??偟哪康氖谴龠M(jìn)機(jī)電一體產(chǎn)業(yè)的形成、為我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整作貢獻(xiàn)。
總之,機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)既是振興傳統(tǒng)機(jī)電工業(yè)的新鮮血液和源動(dòng)力,又是開(kāi)啟我國(guó)機(jī)電行業(yè)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整大門(mén)的鑰匙。
四、我國(guó)發(fā)展機(jī)電一體化的對(duì)策
(一)加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌安排,協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展計(jì)劃
目前,我國(guó)從事機(jī)電一體化研究開(kāi)發(fā)及生產(chǎn)的單位很多。各自都有一套自己的發(fā)展策略。各單位的計(jì)劃由于受各自立足點(diǎn)、著眼點(diǎn)的限制,難免只考慮局部利益,各主管部門(mén)的有關(guān)計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃,也有統(tǒng)一考慮不足,統(tǒng)籌安排不夠的問(wèn)題,同時(shí)缺少綜觀全局的有權(quán)威性的發(fā)展計(jì)劃和戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃。因此,建議各主管部門(mén)責(zé)成有關(guān)單位在進(jìn)行深入調(diào)查研究、科學(xué)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,制定出統(tǒng)管全局的機(jī)電一體化研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃,避免開(kāi)發(fā)上重復(fù),生產(chǎn)上撞車(chē)。
(二)強(qiáng)化行業(yè)管理,發(fā)揮協(xié)會(huì)作用
目前,我國(guó)機(jī)電一體化較熱,而按目前的行業(yè)劃分方法和管理體制,政出多門(mén)是難哆的。因此,我國(guó)有必要明確一個(gè)機(jī)電一體化行業(yè)的統(tǒng)管機(jī)構(gòu),根據(jù)目前國(guó)家政治體制改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的精神,以及機(jī)電一體化行業(yè)特點(diǎn),我們建議,盡快加強(qiáng)北京機(jī)電一體化協(xié)會(huì)的建設(shè),賦予其行業(yè)管理職能。協(xié)會(huì)要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)——理事會(huì)的代表層面和復(fù)蓋面,要加強(qiáng)辦公室、秘書(shū)處的建設(shè);要通過(guò)其精明干練的辦事機(jī)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體,組織行業(yè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的擬制;指導(dǎo)行業(yè)布點(diǎn)布局的調(diào)整,進(jìn)行發(fā)展突破口的選擇,抓好重點(diǎn)工程的試點(diǎn)和有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)標(biāo)、招標(biāo)工作……
(三)優(yōu)化發(fā)展環(huán)境、增大支持力度
優(yōu)化發(fā)展環(huán)境指通過(guò)宣傳群眾,造成一種社會(huì)上下、企業(yè)內(nèi)外都重視、支持機(jī)電一體化發(fā)展的氛圍,如盡快為外商到我國(guó)投資發(fā)展機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)業(yè)提供方便;盡可能為興辦開(kāi)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品的高新技術(shù)企業(yè)開(kāi)綠燈;盡力為開(kāi)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品調(diào)配好資源要素等。
增大支持力度,在技術(shù)政策上,要嚴(yán)格限制耗電、耗水、耗材高的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展,對(duì)未采用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)落后產(chǎn)品限制強(qiáng)制淘汰;大力提倡用機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行改造,對(duì)有關(guān)機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)乾地改造,對(duì)有關(guān)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)、應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)先立項(xiàng)、優(yōu)先支持,對(duì)在技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)、應(yīng)用中做出貢獻(xiàn)的單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、科技人員進(jìn)行表彰獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等。
(四)突出發(fā)展重點(diǎn),兼顧兩個(gè)層次
機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)業(yè)復(fù)蓋面非常廣,而我們的財(cái)力、人力和物力是有限的,因此我們?cè)谧C(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展時(shí)不能面面俱到、平鋪直敘,而應(yīng)分清主次,大膽取舍,有所為,有所不為。要注意抓兩個(gè)層次上的工作。第一個(gè)層次是面上的工作,即用電子信息技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行改造,在傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)電設(shè)備上植入或嫁接上微電子(計(jì)算機(jī))裝置,使機(jī)械和電子技術(shù)在淺層次上結(jié)合。第二個(gè)層次是提高工作,即在新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)之初,就把機(jī)械與電子統(tǒng)一起來(lái)進(jìn)行考慮,使機(jī)械與電子密不可分,深度結(jié)合,生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的新產(chǎn)品起碼正做到機(jī)電一體化。
結(jié)束語(yǔ):本論文在各位老師的悉心指導(dǎo)和嚴(yán)格要求下已完成。在學(xué)習(xí)和生活期間,也始終感受著導(dǎo)師的精心指導(dǎo)和無(wú)私的關(guān)懷,我受益匪淺。在此向各位老師表示深深的感謝和崇高的敬意。不積跬步何以至千里,本設(shè)計(jì)能夠順利的完成,也歸功于各位任課老師的認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),使我能夠很好的掌握和運(yùn)用專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí),并在設(shè)計(jì)中得以體現(xiàn)。同時(shí)我在網(wǎng)上也搜集了不少資料,才使我的畢業(yè)論文工作順利完成。在此向?qū)W院工程系的全體老師表示由衷的謝意。
附件2:外文原文
Electromechanical Integration
1. electromechanical integration and the development of technology trends
Since an electronic technology birth of electronic technology and mechanical technology integration began, only a semiconductor integrated circuit, particularly in a microprocessor representative of the large-scale integrated circuits for the future, “mechatronics,” a technical after significant progress, and has attracted widespread attention.
(1) mechanical-electrical integration, “the course of development
1. CNC machine tools come out, wrote “mechatronics,” the first page of history;
2. Microelectronic technology, “mechatronics''bring a great vitality;
3. PLC, “Power Electronics” for the development of “mechatronics” provide a firm foundation;
4. Laser technology, fuzzy technology, information technology and other new technologies to “mechanical and electrical integration,” a new and higher level.
(B) mechanical-electrical integration, “the development trend
1. Integration of optical and electrical machinery. General mechanical and electrical integration system by sensing systems, energy systems, information processing systems, machinery, and other components of the structure. Therefore, the introduction of optical technology, the realization of the inherent advantages of optical technology is effective Improved mechanical-electrical integration system sensing system, energy (power) systems and information processing system. optical and electrical machinery integration is the development of mechanical and electrical products trend.
2. Systematic self-distribution - Flexible Future electromechanical integration products, and implementation of control systems are adequate “redundancy” and more “flexible” and can better deal with an emergency, is designed “self-distribution system.” Self-discipline in the distribution system, the various subsystems are independent of each other's work, the subsystem for system services, and has its own “self-discipline”, according to different environmental conditions react differently. Its characteristics are subsystem can generate its own information and additional information given in the overall premise, specific “action” can be changed. In this way, significantly increase the system's ability to adapt (flexible), not because of the failure of a subsystem of the whole system.
3. Holographic systematic - intelligent. Future integration of mechanical and electrical products, “holographic” features more and more obvious, more and more high-level intelligence. This is mainly revenues in the fuzzy technology, information technology (especially software and chip technology) development. In addition, the hierarchical structure of the system, a simple change of “top-down” situation is complex, there is much more two-way link redundancy.
4. “Of a software” of the - Biomimetic systematic. Future integration of electrical and mechanical devices on the dependence of great information, and often the structure is in a “static” instability, but in a dynamic (work) when is stable. This is a bit like living biological: When control system (the brain) to stop work, then of “Death”, and when control system (brain) work, the biological vitality. Bionics research in the field of a number of organisms have been found good institutions can provide products for the electrical and mechanical integration of the new body, but how to live with these new body of “Life” has to be in-depth study. This field of study referred to as “biological - Software” or “biological - System”, and biological characteristics of the hardware (body) - Software (brain) one and indivisible. It seems, electromechanical integration of the products although there are more systematic development, but there is a long way to go.
5. MEMS of - miniaturization. At present, the semiconductor devices used in the manufacturing process of etching technology, in the lab has produced sub-micron mechanical components. When will this result for the actual product, there is no need to distinguish between the mechanical part and controller. Will be completely mechanical and electronic “integration”, and the body, the Executive Body, sensors, such as CPU can be integrated with the size of a small, and the formation of a self-regulatory components. This micro-mechanical integration of electromechanical important direction of development.
Second, the typical electromechanical integration products
Mechanical and electrical subsystems integration products (complete machine) and the foundation yuan, part two categories. Typical mechanical-electrical integration system: CNC machine tools, robotics, automotive electronic products, intelligent instrumentation, electronic publishing printing systems, CAD / CAM systems. Typical electromechanical integration yuan, components are: power electronic devices and devices, programmable logic controller, fuzzy controller, micro-motors, sensors, ASIC, servo institutions. These typical electromechanical integration of technical status quo and development trends, market analysis of (not quoted).
Third, China's development “mechatronics” the situation and tasks facing
Mechanical and electrical integration mainly include two levels: First, by using microelectronic technology to transform traditional industries, and its purpose is energy and materials to enhance efficiency, improve product quality, the traditional industries of technological advances in improving step two is to develop automated, digital , intelligent mechanical and electrical products, and promote the upgrading of products.
(1) China's “mechatronics” of the situation facing
1. China's microelectronics technology to transform traditional industries with the workload of large and broad, difficult
2. Electromechanical integration technology with China's accelerated product upgrading, enhancing the voice of the market share, pressure.
3. Electromechanical integration with China replaced by products of low technology content and added value, energy, water, supplies, pollution, disturbing product liability heavy and meaningful. China's industrial systems, energy consumption, water consumption big, serious environmental pollution enterprises also accounted for a fairly large proportion. In recent years China's industrial structure, product mix Although several adjustments, but for various reasons, lack of effectiveness has been obvious. This is a higher level inside leading departments from many doors, enterprises are “finding it hard to leave their native land”, “is entrenched industry”, but also optimize the undeniable not the ideal industry, the optimized no Italian products. The best answer long ago put these enterprises in the face, this is the development of mechanical and electrical integration, development and production of the electrical and mechanical integration products. Mechatronics product features strong, good performance, high-quality, low cost, and has a flexible, according to the needs of the market and reflect the user when the product mix and production process to do the necessary restructuring and reform, instead of switching equipment. This is the solution of mechanical and electrical products and more variety, the less important way to mass production. At the same time, for the traditional mechanical industries injection of fresh blood, bringing new vitality, and the heavy machinery production from the manual relieved to achieve civilized production.
Furthermore, from the point of view of market demand, China's research and development of mechanical and electrical integration products with no long history, a big gap between the many varieties of product, quantity, grade, quality, can not meet the demand, larger than the annual import volume, much-needed development.
(2) China's “mechatronics,” the task
China's mechanical and electrical integration, the task can be summed up in two sentences: The first observation is extensively used electromechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries; Another observation is that the mechanical and electrical integration in a big way to develop products, and promote the upgrading of mechanical and electrical products. The overall goal is to promote the formation of mechanical and electrical integration industry for China's industrial structure and product mix adjustment and make contributions.
In short, electromechanical integration technology is to revitalize traditional electromechanical industrial source of fresh blood and driving force, is to open China's electromechanical industry products, the industrial structure adjustment of the keys to the door.
Fourth, China's development “mechatronics” Countermeasures
(1) strengthen the co-ordination arrangements, coordinated development plan
Currently, the country engaged in “mechatronics” research and development and production of many units. Each had a set of its own development strategy. The units in their plans because of the foothold, the focus of the restrictions, it is inevitable to consider only local interests, the competent departments of the project and planning, lack of a unified consider, and make enough issue, the lack of authoritative Looking at the overall development plans and strategic planning. It is therefore recommended that the competent departments instruct the relevant units of in-depth investigation and study and scientific analysis on the basis of the overall development of a unified management “mechatronics” research, development, production plans and programmes to avoid duplication of development, production crashes!
(B) strengthen regulation of the industry, to play the “Association” role
At present, China's “mechatronics” more heat, while the current industry breakdown methods and management system, “from many doors” is the difficult pyridoxine. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify our country a “mechatronics” industry's management body, according to the country's political and economic reforms the spirit, as well as mechanical and electrical integration industry characteristics, we propose that the Beijing as soon as possible to strengthen the construction of the Electrical and Mechanical Integration Association, given its industry management functions. “Association” We should further expand the leadership - the representatives of the Governing Council and the level of coverage, we must strengthen the Office of the Secretariat building; able to pass its smart offices, economic entities, organizations, “industry” development, strategic planning fiction; guidance layout layout of the industry adjustment, the starting point for the development of options, do a good job of the pilot and key projects of the issuing of the project, the tender exercise……
(C) Optimization development environment, increased support for the
Optimization development environment that through propaganda among the masses, creating a community as a whole, both inside and outside the enterprise to support “the mechanical and electrical integration,” the atmosphere of development, such as China as soon as possible for foreign investors to invest in the development of “mechatronics” industry to provide convenient as possible for the establishment of development, production integration of mechanical and electrical products give the green light to high-tech enterprises; endeavour to develop, manufacture electromechanical integration products, such as the deployment of elements of good resources.
Increase the intensity of support, technology policy, it is necessary to strictly limit the consumption of electricity, water, supplies high-traditional product development, did not use the mechanical and electrical integration of backward technology products restrictions mandatory elimination; strongly advocated using electromechanical integration on the traditional industries for the transformation of the electrical and mechanical integration technology to transform traditional industries dry on the technical development and application of project priority projects, and give priority support to the technical development and application of the unit to contribute to leadership, science and technology personnel of recognition incentives.
(D) to highlight key development, take into account the “two levels”
Mechatronics industries cover a very wide, and our financial, human and material resources are limited, so we grasp mechatronics industry development can not be exhaustive, Bengpuzhixu, it should distinguish between primary and secondary, bold choices, in order, selective. Attention should be paid to work on two levels. The first level is the “face” of work, namely the use of electronic information technology to transform traditional industries, in the traditional electromechanical devices implanted or grafted on Microelectronics (computer) devices, the “machinery” and “electronic” technology in the Jiancengci integrate. The second level is the “increase”, that is the beginning of the new product design, they “machinery” and “electronic” unified consideration, “machinery” and “electronic” inextricably linked, in-depth integration of the new production Products are at least do electromechanical integration.
CONCLUSION: In this paper, in the careful guidance of teachers and strict requirements have been completed. Learning and life, will always feel the careful guidance of a mentor and selfless caring, I benefited. You are here to express our deep gratitude and lofty respect. Why not plot to step of a thousand miles, the smooth completion of the design, but also owe much to the datum related to the serious and responsible teacher, I can well understand and use our professional knowledge, and to be reflected in the design. At the same time, I collected a lot of online information before making my dissertation work smoothly. College of Engineering here to all teachers expressed heartfelt thanks.