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摘 要
隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展和普及，加工中心的作用越發(fā)突顯它的重要性。為進(jìn)一步提高數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工效率，數(shù)控機(jī)床正向著工件在一臺(tái)機(jī)床一次裝夾即可完成多道工序或全部工序加工的方向發(fā)展，因此出現(xiàn)了各種類型的加工中心機(jī)床，如車削中心、鏜銑加工中心、鉆削中心等等。這類多工序加工的數(shù)控機(jī)床在加工過(guò)程中要使用多種刀具，因此必須有自動(dòng)換刀裝置，也就是所說(shuō)的刀庫(kù)，以便選用不同刀具，完成不同工序的加工工藝。自動(dòng)換刀裝置應(yīng)當(dāng)具備換刀時(shí)間短、刀具重復(fù)定位精度高、足夠的刀具儲(chǔ)備量、占地面積小、安全可靠等特性。
本論文是開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出一種體積小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、價(jià)格較低、生產(chǎn)周期短的小型立式加工中心無(wú)機(jī)械手換刀刀庫(kù)。首先介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外加工中心研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，闡明了本課題研究的目的、意義。然后進(jìn)一步介紹本小型加工中心刀庫(kù)總體結(jié)構(gòu)和各部件方案的選擇，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了小型加工中心刀庫(kù)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，主要包括刀盤部件設(shè)計(jì)（含刀盤，夾塊，刀爪），刀庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)定位機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)（含轉(zhuǎn)臂，槽輪，滾子，鎖止盤），刀庫(kù)總體機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)（含軸承套，軸，箱蓋，箱體）刀庫(kù)移動(dòng)部分設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 加工中心 刀庫(kù)
Abstract
Along with the numerical control technology development and the popularization, the processing center function reveals its importance even more suddenly. For further enhances the numerical control engine laths the processing efficiency, the numerical control engine laths is clamping to the work piece in an engine laths attire then completes the multi-channel working procedure or the complete working procedure processing direction develops, therefore appeared each kind of type processing center engine laths, ike the turning center, the boring mill processing center, drills truncates center and so on. This kind of working procedure processing numerical control engine laths must use many kinds of cutting tools in the processing process, therefore must have trades the knife installment automatically, also is the knife storehouse which said, in order to select the different cutting tool, completes the different working procedure the processing craft. Trades the knife equipment to have automatically to have trades the knife time short, the cutting tool repetition pointing accuracy high, the enough cutting tool margin, the area small, safe reliable and so on the characteristics.
The present paper is the development designs one kind of volume slightly, the structure compact, the price is low, production cycle short small vertical processing center knife storehouse this article. Then further introduced this small processing center knife storehouse overall structure and various parts plan choice, and has carried on the small processing center knife storehouse mechanism design calculation in this foundation, mainly includes the knife storehouse overall organization design, the electrical machinery selection, the knife storehouse rotation detent mechanism design knife storehouse migration part design and so on.
Keywords: numerically controlled lathe machining centers cut database
目 錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………ii
1 緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)…………………………………………1
1.1.1 當(dāng)前世界NC機(jī)床的研究現(xiàn)狀……………………………………1
1.1.2 我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r……………………………………2
1.1.3 加工中心的發(fā)展動(dòng)向………………………………………………3
1.1.4 我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床研究存在的問(wèn)題……………………………………3
1.2 加工中心概論……………………………………………………………4
1.2.1 自動(dòng)換刀系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品化的意義和前景………………………………6
1.3 本論文研究的目的和意義………………………………………………6
1.4 本論文完成的主要工作…………………………………………………6
2 總體方案的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………8
2.1 運(yùn)動(dòng)方案的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………8
2.1.1 運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)目的確定……………………………………………………8
2.1.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)方案的確定……………………………………………………8
2.2 功能部件的設(shè)計(jì)方案……………………………………………………9
2.2.1 主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)…………………………………………………………9
2.2.2 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)………………………………………………………10
2.2.3自動(dòng)換刀系統(tǒng)………………………………………………………11
2.2.4 基礎(chǔ)部件……………………………………………………………13
2.2.5 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)……………………………………………………………14
2.2.6 輔助裝置……………………………………………………………14
2.3 總體布局…………………………………………………………………14
2.4 主要技術(shù)參數(shù)……………………………………………………………14
2.5 小結(jié)………………………………………………………………………16
3 刀庫(kù)的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………17
3.1 刀庫(kù)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………17
3.1.1 刀庫(kù)主要參數(shù)的確定………………………………………………17
3.1.2 刀盤部分的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………17
3.1.3 刀庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)定位機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………18
3.1.4 軸的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………21
3.1.5 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇計(jì)算………………………………………………24
3.1.6 鍵的選用與計(jì)算……………………………………………………25
3.1.7 刀庫(kù)的支承部分的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………25
3.2 刀庫(kù)移動(dòng)部分的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………26
3.2.1 刀庫(kù)支承橫梁和導(dǎo)軌的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………26
3.2.2 刀庫(kù)移動(dòng)絲杠和電機(jī)的選擇………………………………………27
3.3 刀庫(kù)、橫梁的安裝………………………………………………………27
3.4 小結(jié)………………………………………………………………………38
結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………29
致謝………………………………………………………………………………30
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………31
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