2019版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法強(qiáng)攻 名詞課件.ppt

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名詞,1. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化,一、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),知識(shí)梳理,,2. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) (1) 有些抽象名詞在具體化時(shí)，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)； 表示特指時(shí)，可以和定冠詞連用；表示“某種” 或“一次”的意義時(shí)，可以和不定冠詞連用。 in surprise“驚訝地”，a surprise“一件令人驚訝 的事”； win success“獲得成功”，a success“一個(gè)/件成功 的人/事”； by experience“靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，an experience“一次經(jīng) 歷”； with pleasure“樂意”，a pleasure“一件樂事”。,(2) 物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類 之多時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù)名詞，有單、復(fù) 數(shù)。 some coffee“一些咖啡”，three coffees“三杯 咖啡”； some drink“一些飲料”，three drinks“三杯 飲料”； his hair“他的頭發(fā)”，a few grey hairs“幾根 白發(fā)”； glass“玻璃”，a glass“一只玻璃杯”。,(3) 有些不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊的意 義。 time“時(shí)間”， times“次數(shù)，時(shí)代，倍”； wood“木頭”，woods“樹林”； sand“沙子”，sands“沙灘”； work“工作”，works“工廠，著作，工程， 工事”。,注意：有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)具有不同的含義， 如：game游戲，比賽 → games運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)；mass大 量，眾多，團(tuán)，塊 → masses群眾，民眾等。 二、名詞的作用 名詞在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、同位語、狀語。 注意：名詞作定語時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe repairers, pencil boxes, tooth brushes。但也有例外，如：a sports car, a customs officer, a clothes shop等。,另外，“man / woman +名詞”變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，作定語的man / woman和中心詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。如：men teachers。 三、名詞的所有格 名詞的所有格在句中表示所屬關(guān)系，用來作定語，修飾名詞。 1. -’s所有格，多用來表示有生命的東西，如： Peter and Tom’s school。 2. 如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人共有，只在后一個(gè)名 詞的詞 尾加 “’s”；如果不是共有，就要在兩 個(gè)名詞的詞尾都加“’s”。如： Tom and Mike’s room (共有),Tom’s and Mike’s books (不共有) 3. of所有格（名詞+ of +名詞）多用來表示無生 命的東西，如：the legs of the chair, the door of the house。 4. 雙重所有格指“of +名詞的-’s所有格”或“of + 名詞性的物主代詞”，如：a friend of my brother’s, a picture of mine。 5. 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量、國家、城市 的無生命名詞，可以在詞尾加“’s”或“’”表示 所有格。,today’s papers; ten minutes’ walk; five pounds’ weight; ten dollars’ worth of coffee; the world’s population; China’s industry; New York’s parks 6. 表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格之 后省去 shop, house, home。如：the tailor’s; the doctor’s, my uncle’s。,考點(diǎn)一 名詞詞義辨析 高考對(duì)名詞詞義辨析的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中，其選項(xiàng)基本上是形似的詞、意義相近但用法不同的詞或者形式和意義都不相關(guān)的詞。解這類題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚選項(xiàng)中各個(gè)名詞的含義，同時(shí)也要注意聯(lián)系上下文的搭配和語境。,考點(diǎn)歸納,【考例】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _____ in last year’s election. A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue,考點(diǎn)二 名詞固定搭配 【考例】You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _____ between work and relaxation. A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary 【分析】選C。該題考查固定搭配。keep a balance between . and . 意為“在…… 和……之間保持平衡”。,考點(diǎn)三 名詞的格 名詞所有格主要體現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)中。如： When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.,考點(diǎn)四 名詞的數(shù) 對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單詞拼寫、語法填空以及短文改錯(cuò)中。 【考例】 Since then — for all these year — . （Key: year改為years）,2. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69. _______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （Key: 69. changes）,鞏固練習(xí),I. 根據(jù)所學(xué)單詞及提示寫出所缺單詞的正確形式。 1. Scientists have only recently been able to gain a_____ to the area. 2. The doctor said a fun and relaxing ___________ (氣氛) could help the injured recover faster. 3. —It’s a w_____ of time trying to persuade Lucy to change her mind. —I can’t agree more. She is too stubborn.,access,atmosphere,waste,4. There have been _____ (跡象) of improvement seen in the economy of our country, as more people have found jobs. 5. Did you break the _____ (習(xí)慣) of getting up too late on weekends? 6. On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a _____ (深度) of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Ocean.,signs,habit,depth,7. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited natural ________ (資源), our money, or other people’s time, each of us can become more aware and careful. (2014 年福建卷短文填詞) II. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. My first _________ (impress) of our math teacher was that he was a kind young man. 2. Read these notes carefully and keep them for future ___________ (refer).,resources,impression,referrence,3. This book tells the life story of the famous ___________ (business), who left school and opened his own small company at the age of 17. 4. They should have a good chance of winning the ____________ (compete). 5. The ___________ (present) of prizes began after the speeches.,businessman,competition,presentation,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ___A__ of power. A. source B. sense C. result D. root,2. —Could you tell me the __D___ of making such tasty cakes? —Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook. A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick 3. We most prefer to say yes to the ___B__ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises,4. —Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one? —That’s a good __C___. A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account 5. Her __A___ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique,