2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動詞 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動詞 北師大版 一、can和could的用法 1．表示能力 Her mother can speak French. 2．表示客觀可能性 Anybody can make mistakes. 3．表示許可(多用于口語) Can I go now? 二、may和might的用法 1．表示允許、請求 —May I watch TV now? —Yes，you may.(Yes，please.) —No，you mustn’t.(No，you’d better not.) 2．表示可能性(主要用于陳述句、肯定或否定句，疑問句用can代替) The story may not be true. 3．表示祝愿(不用might) May you succeed! 三、need和dare的用法 1．need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑問句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。 2．dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。 Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening? 3．need和dare的特殊用法 (1)need表“需要”時，可用want，require代替。 The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing. (2)dare作實義動詞時，在肯定句中要接to，在疑問句和否定句中to可省去。 He dares to catch a snake. 四、will和would的用法 1．will (1)表示請求、建議，常用于第二人稱。 Will you please go with me? (2)表示意愿、決定、允許。 I will never do that again. (3)表示習(xí)慣性動作或某種傾向，“總是，慣于”，通常用于第三人稱。 Fish will die out of water. 2．would (1)表示請求、建議，比will委婉，指現(xiàn)在時間，多用于第二人稱。 Would you like a cup of tea? (2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動作或某種傾向。 We would play badminton on Sundays. 五、shall和should的用法 1．shall (1)用于第一、三人稱，在問句中表示征求對方意見或請求。 (2)用于第二、三人稱表示命令或威脅。 You shall do as your father says. 2．should (1)表示責任、義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。 (2)表示驚訝語氣，意為“竟然”。 You should wear slippers in class. (3)用于條件句，表示“假如，萬一”，省去if，should可提至句首。 Should you be late，apologize to the teacher. 六、“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”的用法 1．must have done sth.；can(could) have done sth. (1)must have done sth.表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的有把握的推測，意思是“想必、準是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。 It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet. (2)can(could) have done sth.表示對過去發(fā)生的動作的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。 He can’t have forgotten it. 2．needn’t have done sth.；didn’t need to do sth. (1)needn’t have done sth.表示已完成不需要完成的動作。 You needn’t have waken me up.I don’t have to go to work today. (2)didn’t need to do sth.表示沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做某事。 I didn’t need to clean the windows.My brother did it. 3．may/might have done sth. may/might have done sth.表示對過去已發(fā)生的動作的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)……”。 I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference. 4．should have done sth. should have done sth.表示本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上未做。 You should have told him about it. 5．had better have done sth.；would rather have done sth.；would like/love to have done sth. (1)had better have done sth.表示事后的建議，含輕微責備的口吻，意為“當時做了某事就好了”，其否定形式had better not have done sth.表達相反的含義。 (2)would rather have done sth.表示“寧愿當時做某事”，其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表達相反的含義，兩者都含有“后悔”之意。 I would rather have taken his advice. (3)would like/love to have done sth.表示過去愿意做某事，但未做成。 I would love to have gone to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish my report. 1．I________have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.(xx山東，25) A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．mustn’t 2．Mark________have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.(xx天津，9) A．needn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 3．Just be patient.You________expect the world to change so soon.(xx全國Ⅰ，29) A．can’t B．needn’t C．may not D．will not 4．—I haven’t got the reference book yet，but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry.You________have it by Friday.(xx江蘇，25) A．could B．shall C．must D．may 5．—May I take this book out of the reading room? —No，you________.You read it here.(xx陜西，23) A．mightn’t B．won’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t 一、用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空 1．Looking people in the eye ________ sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed. 2．—Oh my god！You ________ wear slippers to attend the conference. —I’m sorry.I forgot there is a conference. 3．—Hello，Peter.Would you please go shopping with me after school? —Sorry.Our school is a boarding school.In school days nobody ________ go out of school without the head teacher’s permission. 4．—Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party. —He ____________________(leave)．He is a man of his word. 5．—Why can your teacher know so much about London? —He ________ have been there before. 二、單項填空 1．In fact，you ________ go outside at all.There’s a supermarket just downstairs. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 2．—I’m feeling cold today. —You ________ more warm clothes. A．should wear B．should have worn C．can have worn D．can wear 3．—Did Mary e to the party? —I don’t know.She ________ while I was out. A．may have e B．must have e C．might e D．could e 4．—Alice looks sad.Did you tell her about the accident? —Yes，but I ________ her just before her final examinations. A．should have told B．shouldn’t have told C．needn’t have told D．must have told 5．—I know she was in because I heard her radio，but she didn’t open the door. —She ________ the bell. A．may not be hearing B．may not have heard C．must not have heard D．must not be hearing 6．—Look，Tom has fallen asleep. —Oh，he ________ too late yesterday evening. A．might stay up B．should have stayed up C．could stay up D．must have stayed up 7．As it turned out to be a small house party，we ______ so formally. A．needn’t dress up B．did not have dressed up C．did not need dress up D．needn’t have dressed up 8．—I’ll tell Mary about the new job tomorrow. —You ________ her last week. A．ought to tell B．may tell C．would have told D．ought to have told 9.The traffic is heavy these days.I ________ arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place? A．can B．must C．need D．might 10．You ________ fail to pass the College Entrance Examinations if you don’t study harder. A．shall B．could C．must D．should 答案 感悟高考 1．A　[句意為：我本不應(yīng)該看那部電影——它會給我?guī)碡瑝?。由破折號后的?nèi)容來判斷，其前內(nèi)容為“不該做某事而做了”。shouldn’t have done sth.本來不該做某事卻做了；needn’t have done sth.本來不必做某事卻做了；couldn’t have done sth.為否定推測，表示“不可能做過某事”。] 2．A　[句意為：馬克本沒有必要那么急，全速開車后他提前了半個小時到達。根據(jù)句意和前后的照應(yīng)可知應(yīng)選A項。A項表示“本沒有必要”；B項意為“不會”；C項表示“不允許”；D項表示“不可能”。顯然，B、C、D三項與后文論述不符。] 3．A　[句意為：要耐心。你不能期望世界會這么快地改變。can’t不可能，不能；needn’t沒有必要；may not可能不；will not將不會，不會。根據(jù)句意知選A項。] 4．B　[句意為：——我還沒有弄到參考書，但是下個月我將參加這門學(xué)科的測試。——不要擔心，到星期五時你就有了。could能夠；shall在句中表示“允諾”；must必須；may也許，可以。] 5．D　[句意為：——我可以把這本書帶出閱覽室嗎？——不可以，你一定不能帶出去。你就在這里讀。mustn’t表示強烈地禁止。] 領(lǐng)悟語法 一、1.can　2.shouldn’t　3.shall　4.must have left 5．must 二、1.C　[needn’t表示沒有必要；mustn’t表禁止。句意為：事實上，你根本沒有必要出去，樓下就有一個超市。] 2．A　[由“I’m feeling...”的時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)該說的是現(xiàn)在的事情，所以要用“情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形”，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該多穿點衣服。] 3．A　[由did可知是對過去發(fā)生的事情進行猜測，要用“情態(tài)動詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時”，由I don’t know可知該推測不那么的肯定，所以選A，表示“當我出去時她可能來過”。] 4．B　[由“Alice looks sad”可知我本不應(yīng)該在期末考試前告訴她這個事故的。] 5．B　[由第一句的時態(tài)可知事情發(fā)生在過去。對過去的事情進行猜測，要用“情態(tài)動詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時”，故選擇B；must表猜測時不用在否定句中。] 6．D　[由yesterday evening可知事情發(fā)生在過去，對過去的事情進行猜測，要用“情態(tài)動詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時”。must have done sth.意為“肯定做過某事”；should have done sth.意為“本應(yīng)該做而未做某事”。] 7．D　[由“As it turned out...”是對過去的事情進行推測可知，要用“情態(tài)動詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時”；needn’t have done意為“本沒必要做卻做了”。句意為：這么小的一個家庭聚會，我們本沒必要正式化妝的。] 8．D　[由last week可知是過去該做某事而未做，故用“should/ought to＋have done sth.”。] 9.D　[句意為：近來交通擁擠，我可能會晚一點到，你能給我占個位子嗎？表示不確定的推測用might。can表示“可能”，把握性比might大；must表示“肯定”，是非常接近于事實的推斷；need表示“必要，需要”，三者均與句意不符。] 10．A　[shall用于第二人稱表示警告。]