- 1 -摘要本文主要研究了四輪轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，并對(duì)四輪轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)路線進(jìn)行了簡要分析。以此為理論基礎(chǔ)，以某汽車的相關(guān)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)了四輪轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向器。包括前輪轉(zhuǎn)向器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，后輪轉(zhuǎn)向執(zhí)行器的設(shè)計(jì)，齒條等強(qiáng)度的計(jì)算。四輪轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)系主要是通過車速傳感器、前輪轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器、前輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器、方向盤轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器、后輪轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器、后輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器，發(fā)送信號(hào)到四輪轉(zhuǎn)向控制器內(nèi)，信號(hào)經(jīng)過處理，得出后輪所需的轉(zhuǎn)角大小及方向，控制執(zhí)行器完成轉(zhuǎn)向。此系統(tǒng)可以改善車輛低速的轉(zhuǎn)向靈活性和高速時(shí)的操縱穩(wěn)定性，使汽車在轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)響應(yīng)快，轉(zhuǎn)向能力強(qiáng)，直線行駛穩(wěn)定。前輪轉(zhuǎn)向器是四輪轉(zhuǎn)向的基礎(chǔ)部件，是電機(jī)助力的齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向器。后輪執(zhí)行器是驅(qū)動(dòng)后輪轉(zhuǎn)向的主要部件。通過對(duì)前輪轉(zhuǎn)向器和后輪執(zhí)行器的設(shè)計(jì)，為四輪轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)整體設(shè)計(jì)提供了基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞 四輪轉(zhuǎn)向，齒輪齒條電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向器，后輪轉(zhuǎn)向執(zhí)行器- 2 -AbstractThis paper mainly studies is the four-wheel steering transmission system the basic structure and working principle, and the four-wheel steering transmission routes are briefly analyzed. This theory, with a car related parameters of the four-wheel steering transmission system was designed. Including front wheel steering gear design calculation, rear wheel actuator design strength calculation, rack .Four-wheel steering transmission system is primarily through speed sensor, front wheel Angle sensor, front wheel speed sensor, steering wheel Angle sensor, rear Angle sensor, rear Lord Angle sensor, rear vice, rotational speed sensor sends a signal to the four-wheel steering controller inside, signal through processing, draw the rear required corner size and direction, control actuator finish turning. This system can improve vehicle speed steering flexibility and high speed control stability of, make cars in steering response quickly, steering capability is strong, run straight stability. Front wheel steering gear is the basic components, four-wheel steering motor hydraulically rack-and pinion steering gear Rear actuators are drive rear wheel steering the major components. Through the front wheel steering gear and rear actuator is designed for four-wheel steering technology integral design provides the basis.Key words Four-wheel steering gear rack of electric power steering gear, rear wheel actuators- 3 -目錄摘要 ................................................................IAbstract...........................................................II目錄 ..............................................................III第一章 緒論 .......................................................1 第二章 設(shè)計(jì)方案選擇 ................................................72.1 各傳感器位置確定 ..........................................7 2.2 轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)要求 ........................................8 2.3 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................9 2.4 本章小結(jié) .................................................10 第三章 齒輪齒條電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ............................11 3.1 轉(zhuǎn)向器的效率 .............................................11 3.2 轉(zhuǎn)向器正效率 η + ..........................................11 3.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器逆效率 η- ..........................................12 3.4 傳動(dòng)比的變化特性 .........................................13 3.4.1 力傳動(dòng)比與角傳動(dòng)比的關(guān)系 .............................14 3.5 參數(shù)選擇 ..................................................163.5.1 轉(zhuǎn)向輪側(cè)偏角計(jì)算 .....................................17 3.6 轉(zhuǎn)向系載荷確定 ...........................................18 3.7 轉(zhuǎn)向器的主要元件設(shè)計(jì) .....................................19 3.7.1 選擇齒輪齒條材料 .....................................19 3.7.2 齒輪齒條基本參數(shù) .....................................21 3.7.3 轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿及其端部 ...................................22 3.7.4 齒條調(diào)整 .............................................23 3.8 齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向器轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)分析 .......................24 3.9 齒輪齒條傳動(dòng)受力分析 .....................................25 3.10 彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ..........................................29 3.11 齒輪軸軸承的校核 ........................................32 - 4 -3.12 電機(jī)選擇 ................................................33 3.12.1 助力轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算 ......................................33 3.12.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)的選擇和計(jì)算 ..............................34 3.13 本章小結(jié) ................................................34 第四章 后輪轉(zhuǎn)向執(zhí)行器設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ....................................35 4.1 執(zhí)行器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................35 4.2 齒條設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .............................................35 4.3 回位彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .......................................35 4.4 電機(jī)選擇 .................................................37 4.4.1 助力轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算 .......................................37 4.4.2 電動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)的選擇和計(jì)算 ...............................37 4.5 本章小結(jié) .................................................37 結(jié)論 ..............................................................39 致謝 ..............................................................40 參考文獻(xiàn) ..........................................................41 附錄 ..............................................................42