2019-2020年八年級英語教案 牛津英語.doc

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2019-2020年八年級英語教案 牛津英語 Chaper 1 A letter from a pen-friend 一封筆友的來信 一 單詞匯總 chapter n. 章節(jié) below pep．在……下面 rugby n．英式橄欖球運動 hockey n．曲棍球 badminton n．羽毛球運動 title n．標題 signature n．署名，簽名 top-right adj．右上角的 greeting n．問候 foot n．英尺 hobby n．興趣，業(yè)余愛好 chess n．國際象棋 own v. 擁有 be keen on 喜愛 physics n．物理學 ambition n．雄心，野心 enclose v．附上 dictionary n．字典，詞典 steak n．牛排 punch n. 伴汁酒 all in 精疲力竭的 trainer n. （無釘?shù)模┸涍\動鞋 idle adj. 懶惰的 inaudible adj. 聽不見的 shut v. 關(guān)上，關(guān)閉 full name 全名 inch n. 英寸 geography n. 地理 probably adv. 可能，大概，也許 meal n. 餐，飯食 university n.大學 leave school （畢業(yè)）離校 birth n. 出生 European n. 歐洲人 actress n. 女演員 recently adv. 近來 clearly adv. 清楚地 couple n. 夫婦 adopt v. 收養(yǎng) omen n．預(yù)兆 destined adj．注定 embassy n．大使館 二 重點難點解析 1. Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant．現(xiàn)在我的父母擁有一家中國餐館。 1）own作動詞時，意為“擁有，所有”。例：She owns a car but rarely drives it．她有一輛車，但很少開。 2）own作形容詞或代詞時，意為“自己的”，其前必須要有名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞。例： This is Jack\s own room．這是杰克自己的房間。 I saw it with my own eyes．這是我親眼所見。 3）owner名詞“主人，物主”。例：The owner of the restaurant is an oversea Chinese.飯店的主人是位海外華人。 2. 1 have a brother called Edwin．我有一個名叫埃德溫的哥哥。 ① called Edwin為v-ed分詞短語，作定語時通常后置。例： I\ve bought a video camera made in Japan．我買了一部日本產(chǎn)的攝像機。 ②called意為“稱呼，名叫”，與它意思相同的還有：named, with the name of. 3. He works as an architect．他擔任建筑師的工作。 ☆as在句中作介詞，意為“以……身份，作為”。例：He was famous as a singer．作為一位歌手他很著名。 ☆architect n．建筑師 architecture n．建筑學 4. 1 enclose…隨信附上…… 隨信寄照片、資料等，都可以用這一表達方法。例： My brother enclosed a photo of my niece in his letter.我哥哥隨信附上一張我侄女的照片。 5. How many brothers and sisters has he got? 他有多少兄弟姐妹？ ☆動詞have/have got意義相同，但have got用法在疑問句和答語中略有不同。 Have you got three lessons every day? Yes, I have. /No, I haven\t．你每天上三節(jié)課嗎？是的，上三節(jié)課。／不，沒有。（在have got結(jié)構(gòu)中，have為助動詞，可構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句。）Do you have three lessons every day? Yes, I do. /No, I don\t．你每天上三節(jié)課嗎？是的，上三節(jié)課。／不，沒有。(have用作行為動詞時，需加助動詞do構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句。） 三 重點語段翻譯 A letter from a pen-friend Dear May Hi！I saw your name and address in‘Pen-friends’magazine，and I would like to be your pen- friend ．First, I will tell you some things about myself. My name is Sidney Li Pei-chun．I\m fourteen years old ．I\m about five feet tall ．I have short black hair and brown eyes ．My favourite hobby is playing puter games ．I also enjoy playing chess . I live with my parents．They came to England about 30 years ago．They came from Hong Kong, but I have never been there ．Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant in Newcastle ．We live in a small house near our restaurant ．I was born in Newcastle in 1986 ．I can speak Chinese，but I cannot write it very well ．I have a brother called Edwin ．He is 23 ．He works as an architect, in London． I\m in Form One at Walker School．It is near my house，and so I can walk to school．I like my school because the teachers are very friendly．My school has many sports fields ．I am keen on sports ．I enjoy playing rugby and badminton in the winter , and tennis in the summer. My best subject at school is physics ．My ambition is to be an engineer. I enclose a photo of myself and some school friends．I am in the middle．I hope you will write to me soon，May，and tell me all about yourself. Best wishes Sidney 一封筆友的來信 親愛的梅 嗨！我是在《筆友》這本雜志上看見你的名字和地址的，我想成為你的筆友。首先，我將告訴你關(guān)于我自己的一些事情。我叫悉尼，李佩春。我十四歲。大約五英尺高。我有黑色的短發(fā)，棕色的眼睛。我最大的愛好就是玩電腦游戲。我還喜歡下國際象棋。 我和父母生活在一起。他們大約在三十年前來到英國。他們來自香港，但我從未去過那兒?，F(xiàn)在我父母在紐卡斯爾有一家中國餐館。我們住在餐館附近的一所小房子里。我于1986年生于紐卡斯爾。我會講漢語，但不太會寫。我有一個名叫埃德溫的哥哥。他23歲了。在倫敦擔任建筑師的工作。 我在Walker學校讀一年級。它就在我家附近，所以我可以步行去上學。我喜歡我的學校因為老師們都很友好。我的學校有很多運動場地。我很喜歡運動。冬天我喜歡玩橄欖球和羽毛球，夏天我喜歡打網(wǎng)球。在學校我最喜歡的科目是物理。我的理想是作一名工程師。 隨信附上一張我和學校一些朋友的照片。我在中間，我希望你能盡快給我回信，梅，告訴我有關(guān)你的全部。 致以良好的祝愿 悉尼 四 語法講解 1．特殊疑問句 (1)常見的特殊疑問詞有： What（事情），Where（地點），When（時間），Which（選擇人或事），Who（人）， How（方式），How old（年齡），How far（距離），How many（數(shù)量），How much（數(shù)量／價格），How big（大小），How long（時間或距離長短），etc . (2)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu) 1)疑問詞＋一般疑問句How do people get drinking water? 2）對主語或主語部分提問時，結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞＋謂語部分Who helps to keep the environment clean? 2．不定冠詞a/an “a”用在以輔音音素開始的單詞前，如：a beautiful girl, a useful book等；而“an”則用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，如：an hour, an umbrella, Chapter 2 A day in the life of…whiz一kid Wendy神童溫迪的一天 一 單詞匯總 subtitle n．副標題 similar adj．相似的，類似的 expect v.期待 successful adj．成功的 whiz-kid． 神童 business n．生意，公司 luckily adv．幸運地 manager n．經(jīng)理 responsible adj．有責任的 be responsible for 對……負責 sale v.賣，銷售 accountant n．會計 boring adj．乏味的 simple adj．簡單的，容易的 achieve v.得到，實現(xiàn) grade n．分數(shù) fail v. 失敗，不及格 exam n．考試 collect v. 接走 client a．顧客，主顧 return v．回，返回 attend v．參加，出席 assist v.幫助，支援 continue v. 繼續(xù)，延續(xù) seldom adv．很少，不常，難得 duty n．責任 gain v. 得到，獲得 usual adj．通常的，平常的 guard n．警衛(wèi)，保安 messenger n．送信者，報信者 construction n．建筑，施工 daydream v. 作白日夢，空想 lose one\s tempe 發(fā)脾氣 wish v. 想要某事物，希望 tell the truth 說實話 champion n．冠軍，優(yōu)勝者 jogging n．慢跑 mathematics n．數(shù)學 P. E. n．體育（課） 二 重點難點解析 1. Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in Shanghai．溫迪?王一定是上海的高材生之一。 *Must是情態(tài)動詞，在這里表示猜測的意思，意為“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑問句中用can表示猜測。例：It must be true．那一定是真的。Can it be true?那可能是真的嗎？ It can\t be true．那不可能是真的。 *one of the top students = one of the best students高材生之一 \"one of＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……之一” 2. Now all of her family work in her business．現(xiàn)在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。 ☆family表示“家庭”或“家人”，是集合名詞，若視為整體，動詞用單數(shù)，若逐個考慮其個體，則動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例： My family is very large．我家是個大家庭。My family are all very well．我的家人都很好。 ☆business n．生意businessman n．商人（男）businesswoman n．商人（女） busy adj．忙的busily adv．忙地 3．辨析：put on穿上，wear穿著，dress穿著，打扮 ☆put on強調(diào)穿衣的動作，賓語須是物；wear表示穿著衣服的狀態(tài)；dress既可指動作也可指狀態(tài)，但賓語須是人。例：You\d better put on your coat if you want to go out．如果想出去最好把衣服穿上。 He is wearing a new suit today．他今天穿了一套新的西裝。 She dresses her child every day．她每天都要給孩子穿衣服。 4. over half a million超過50萬 ☆over作介詞，意為“超過，多于”，相當于more than。例： He was away over (more than) a month．他離開一個多月了。 5. I always go to school in my own car. 我總是坐我自己的車去上學。 in one\s car = by car坐小汽車 6. 辨析：enough to，too…to，so…that ☆enough to 和 too…to 構(gòu)成簡單句，so…that 構(gòu)成復(fù)合句；enough to 和 so…that 表示肯定，too…to 和 so…that 表示否定。例：I am not old enough to drive.= I am too young to drive.= I am so young that I can’t drive. 我太小了，不能開車。 7. 辨析：attend， take part in， join ☆三者都有“參加”之意。attend 指參加、出席會議；take part in 多指參加活動；join 指加入組織、團體、黨派。例：My father attends a meeting every Thursday afternoon.我爸爸每周四下午要去開會。 You’d better take part in all the activities at school. 你最好參加學校的各項活動。 Do you want to join the League? 你想入團嗎？ 8. On Friday we have puter Club meetings. 每周五我們都參加電腦社會議。 ☆have用作行為動詞，常與一名詞連用表示與該名詞相當?shù)膭釉~意義，如：have a meeting/a swim/a walk/ a lesson…開會/游泳/散步/上課……。 否定句和疑問句中要用助動詞do/does/did。例：-Do you often have a walk after supper? –Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. 9. I go to my office and continue working on my games. 然后我到辦公室繼續(xù)設(shè)計電腦游戲。 ☆ continue doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事。例：How can you continue writing in such dim light？這么暗的光線你怎么能繼續(xù)寫呢？ ☆ work on 從事（某工作），例： A day in the life of... whiz-kid Wendy Wendy Wang，15，must be one of the top students in Shanghai ．She\s already written several successful puter games．Now all of her family work in her business ．And she\s still at school！ 6 a. m. I get up at six, wash and put on my school uniform．I have breakfast with my parents．We have a family business ．I started the business two”二ago ．I write puter games ．Luckily，they are very popular. We sell over half a million games every year．場father is the manager of the pany，and my mother is responsible for sales ．My\ brother is our accountant ．Every morning we discuss the business at breakfast ．Then I usually work on my puter for an hour before school.、 7 ．30 a. m. I always go to school in my own car. I am not old enough to drive，and so I have a driver. I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school． 8 a. m. I start school．I enjoy seeing my school friends，but some of the work is boring because it is too simple for me ．I usually achieve A grades in all my subjects，I never fail an exam. 12．30 p．m. About twice a week my driver collects me from school．I go and have lunch with a client．Then I return to school． 4 ．15 p. m. After school I usually attend a club．On Friday have puter Club meetings．The other students often ask me to assist them ．On Mondays and Thursdays I play basketball．Once a week I have violin lessons．My driver always takes me home after school ．I finish my homework in an hour or two before dinner.｝ 7p．m. I always have dinner with my parents．We discuss our business．Then I go to my office and continue working on my games ．I seldom go to bed before 2 a. m ．I do not usually need much sleep. 神童溫迪的一天 溫迪?王，巧歲，一定是上海的高材生之一。她已經(jīng)編寫了幾個成功的電腦游戲?，F(xiàn)在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。然而她還在上學！ 上午6點 我六點起床、洗臉、穿上校服，我和我的父母一起吃早餐。我們擁有一個家族公司。我于兩年前開辦了公司。我編寫電腦游戲。幸運地是，它們很受歡迎。我們每年能銷售50多萬個游戲。我的爸爸是公司的經(jīng)理，媽媽負責梢售。我哥哥是會計。每天早上我們都邊吃早餐邊討論生意。然后我通常在上學前的一個小時用電腦 工作。 上午7點so分 我總是坐自己的車去上學。我太小了，不能開車，因此我有一個司機。有時候我在上學的路上給客戶打電話。 上午8點 我開始上課。我喜歡看見學校的朋友，但有些課程很無聊，因為對我來說太簡單了。通常我所有的科目都會得A。我從來沒有考試不及格過。 下午12 ,: 30分 大約每周兩次我的司機會去學校接我。我去和一位客戶吃午飯。然后回學校。 下午4點15分 放學后我通常會參加社團。每周五我們都要參加電腦社會議。其他學生經(jīng)常讓我?guī)椭麄?。每周一和周四我打籃球。我每周上一次小提琴課。我的司機總是在放學后接我回家。我在晚飯前用一到兩小時完成作業(yè)。 下午7點 我總是和父母一起吃晚餐。我們討論生意。然后我到辦公室繼續(xù)設(shè)計電腦游戲。我很少在凌晨2點以前睡覺。我通常不需要大量的睡眠。 三 語法講解 1．一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時表示目前的狀態(tài)及經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作，常與usually, often, sometimes, every day等狀語連用。也可用于表達一種客觀事實、習慣和作息時間表。 1)謂語用動詞原形；當主語為第三人稱時，動詞后＋s/es. I get up at six every morning? The sun rises in the east and sets in the west． 2)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下： （1）一般動詞后＋s; （2）以s/x/ch/sh結(jié)尾的動詞＋es. mixes/discusses/washes/teaches （3）go/do十es，goes/does （4）一些以y結(jié)尾的動詞如y前是輔音字母，則將Y改成i + es. studies/hurries/worries （5）如y前是元音字母就加s. plays/stays 3)其否定句或疑問句是用助動詞do或does構(gòu)成。 Do you have lunch at school? Yes，I do. /No, I don\t． Does he go to work on foot? Yes，he does．/No, he doesn\t． I don\t go to school on Sundays． She doesn\t do her homework at home． 2.頻度副詞（always, usually, sometimes, seldom, often...）在句子中的位置 1)位于主要行為動詞的前面。例： He often does his homework in the evening. (does是行為動詞） 2)位于be 動詞的后面。例：She is always late for school.（is是be動詞） 3)位于助動詞和主要行為動詞之間。例：I don\t usually go to school by bus. (don\t是助動，go是行為動詞) 3.how often來詢問動作所發(fā)生的頻率。 4.時間狀語（once一次 twice兩次 three times三次 four times四次 on Monday/every day， etc.）常位于句首或句末。 Chapter 3 Dealing with troubles 處理麻煩事 一 單詞匯總 dial v. 撥（電話號碼） diary n．日記 argue v. 爭論，爭吵 deal with 對付，處理 argument n．爭論，爭吵 shout at 向……大聲嚷嚷 hold out 伸出，端出 crowd n．人群 stare v．盯，凝視 go on 發(fā)生，進行 steal v．偷，竊取 postcard n．明信片 notice v. 察覺到，注意到 handbag n．手提包 follow v. 跟隨 ring v.（鐘、鈴等）鳴，響 aboard adv．在機上，在船上 wait v. 等候 hurry to 匆忙趕到 strange adj．奇怪的 report v．報告，匯報 robbery n．搶劫（案），盜竊（案） railing n．欄桿 detail n．細節(jié) as conj．當……時 handcuffs n．手拷 noisily adv .嘈雜地，喧鬧地 amusing adj．引人發(fā)笑的 unusual adj.不平常的，奇異的 law n．法律 realize v.認識到，了解 permission n．允許，許可 rob v.搶劫，盜取……的財物 in time 及時 pleased adj．高興的 definitely adv．確定地，清楚地 attack v.進攻，攻擊 baseball n．棒球 gun n．槍 arrest v.逮捕 smash v.粉碎，擊潰 daring adj．大膽的，勇敢的 take place 發(fā)生 gang n．一伙 towards prep．向，朝 reach v.到達 writer n．作家 scientist n．科學家 二 重點難點解析 1. No one knew what was happening．沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 這是一句由連接代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，連接詞要位于從句的前面，起連接主句和從句的作用，從句用陳述句語序。例：I wonder whose house that is．我想知道那是誰的房子。 2. What\s going on？發(fā)生什么事了？ 與它意思相同的表達還有：What\s up? /What\s happening? 3. Was my father afraid of that man? 我爸爸害怕那個人嗎？ 1）be afraid of sb/sth害怕……。例：She is afraid of dogs．她怕狗。 2） be afraid that恐怕……。例：I\m afraid that I\ve broken your pen．恐怕我弄壞了你的鋼筆。 4. He quickly dialled 110．他迅速撥打110。 dial＋具體電話號碼= phone sb 給……打電話。 5. Three young men started talking to us．三個年輕人開始跟我們交談。 *start doing sth開始做……。例：It\s autumn and leaves start falling．秋天到了，樹葉開始落下。 ☆辮析：tell，speak，talk，say tell告訴，常見的短語有：tell a lie說謊，tell sb to do sth告訴……做……；tell sb about sth告訴……關(guān)于……的情況，tell a story講故事。speak說，后面接語言，如：speak German說德語。talk to/with sb (about sth）與某人談?wù)摚ㄓ嘘P(guān)……事）。say說，后面接內(nèi)容。例： She said he could speak very good English．她說他英語說得很好。 Tell him not to talk about the thing any longer。告訴他不要再談?wù)撨@件事了。 6. Please meet the ferry．請去迎接渡船。 meet sb 意為“迎接某人”。例： Will you meet her at the station？你到車站去接她嗎？ 7. As we got off, we saw them．我們下船時看見他們了。 這是由as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。表示“當……時”，主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。例：I thought of it just as you opened your mouth．就在你要說的時候，我也想到了。 8.Six policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs．6名警察站在一名戴手銬的男子周圍。 ☆這是一句由who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句是整個句子中不可缺少的一部分，去掉后會影響整個句子的意思，所以不用逗號和主句隔開；非限制性定語從句是整個句子中相對較為獨立的一部分，缺少了也不會影響整個句子的意思，因此總是用逗號和主句隔開。例： This is the best film that I have ever seen．這是我看過的最好的一部電影。 Last week I saw a very good film，which was about the-UFO．上周我看了一部非常好的電影，是關(guān)于飛碟的。 * be in handcuffs帶手銬。例：The man who is in handcuffs is my next-door neighbour. 帶手銬的男子是我的隔壁鄰居。 三重點語段翻譯 Dealing with trouble Thursday，28 June Today my father and I were waiting for the ferry ．People usually wait quietly，but this afternoon we heard a big argument ．Two women tourists were shouting at a big man ．He was shouting back at them ．He held out a bag, and showed everyone that it was empty． The crowd stared at the three people ．No one knew what was happening． My father moved through the crowd and said quietly to one of the women，\"What\s going on?\" \"They stole my friend\s purse five minutes ago, \"said the woman．\"We were down in the bookshop，buying postcards ．Three young men started talking to us ．At first they were very friendly. Then suddenly my friend noticed that her purse was not in her handbag. Two of the men ran away ．We followed this man here．\" Then the bell rang, the gates opened, and everyone started going down onto the ferry．The man hurried aboard，and the two tourists went after him． \"Wait, \"said my father. \"I don\t want to go on that ferry．\" This was strange ．Was my father afraid of that man? I wanted to go and watch the action． But he hurried to an ice-cream shop，“Can I use your phone?\" he asked the shop assistant ．He quickly dialled 110． \"I want to report a robbery．The man is on the ferry now. It just left a few minutes ago．\"He looked down through the railings．\"It\s the‘No.3’Ferry，\"he said，\"Please meet the ferry．\"He gave some more details，and then put the phone down． We took the next ferry．As we got off, we saw them．Six policemen stood around the man，who was in handcuffs ．The two women were talking to the police． \" Well done，Dad，I said as we walked by．“Good thinking!” 處理麻煩事 6月28日，星期四 今天我和爸爸正在等渡船。人們通常都是安靜地等，但是今天下午我們聽到很大的爭吵聲。兩個女游客正對一個男人大聲嚷嚷。他也對她們喊。他翻出包，讓大家看那是空的。 人們都盯著這三個人。沒有人知道發(fā)生了什么事。 我爸爸從人群中走出來，輕輕地對其中一個女人說：“發(fā)生什么事了？” “五分鐘前他們偷了我朋友的錢包，”那個女人說?！拔覀冋诠鋾辏I明信片。三個年輕人開始跟我們交談。起初他們都非常友好。突然我的朋友注意到她的錢包不在手提包里了。其中的兩個人逃跑了。我們跟著這個人一直到這兒。” 就在這時鈴響了，門開了，人們開始上船。那位男子匆匆上船，兩位游客緊隨其后。 “等一下，”我爸爸說?！拔也幌肷夏撬掖??！? 這真是奇怪。我爸爸怕那個男人嗎？我想去看個究竟。 但是他匆忙趕到一家冰淇淋店。“我能用一下電話嗎？”他問店員。他迅速撥打110. “我想報告一宗搶劫案。那個人正在船上。剛離開幾分鐘?！彼┻^欄桿往下看?！笆侨柖纱?，”他說?！罢埲ソ哟！彼终f了一些細節(jié)，然后掛了電話。 我們坐了下一艘船。我們下船時看見他們了。6名警察站在一名戴手銬的男子周圍，那兩個女人正在和警察交談。 “爸爸，干得好，”我們一邊走我一邊說?！昂弥饕?！” 四 語法講解 一般過去時 一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或情況（包括習慣性動作），常用yesterday, last, ago, once, one day, the other day, before xx等表示過去的時間狀語連用。 1．用動詞的過去式表示。如：do-did is-was 2．動詞過去式的構(gòu)成及ed的發(fā)音規(guī)律。 動詞過去式的構(gòu)成：由動詞原形＋ed/d的這類叫規(guī)則動詞；另一類則為不規(guī)則動詞，需記住它們的變化形式。濁輔音或元音因素＋ed發(fā)／d/；清輔音＋ed發(fā)／t/ ；以一ted/一ded結(jié)尾的，ed發(fā)/id/。 3．其否定句或疑問句需用助動詞did/didn\t。如：One day I met a friend of mine in the street． I didn\t work more than ten hours a day． He didn\t e to school today． Did you pass the exam? 五 寫作技巧----日記 日記常用來記述自己一天生活中所發(fā)生的事情，故多用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時，有時若表達自己對未來的打算也用將來時。英文日記和中文的寫法大體相同，都是在寫正文之前依次寫明日期及天氣情況。 1．日期的寫法 September 10，xx，Sunday或Sunday September 10，xx 2．天氣的寫法 Fine/Clear/Sunny（晴），Rainy（有雨），Cloudy（多云），Windy（有風），Snowy（有雪）等。 3．日記的格式 日期 天氣 正文 Chapter 4 Numbers：Everyone’s language 數(shù)字：每個人的語言 一 單詞匯總 decimal n．小數(shù) protractor n．量角器 measure v. 量，測量 angle n．角度 odd adj．奇（數(shù)）的，單數(shù)的 passses n．圈規(guī) fraction n．分數(shù) subtract v. 減，減去 multiply v. 乘，使相乘 divide v. 某數(shù)除某數(shù)，（某數(shù)）除以（某數(shù)） percentage n．百分比，百分率 even adj. 偶數(shù)的 especially adv．特別，尤其 at least 至少 time n．時代，時期 consist of 由……組成或構(gòu)成 invent v. 發(fā)明 invention n．發(fā)明 develop v. 發(fā)展 calculate v. 計算，估算 calculator n．計算器 calculation n. 計算，推算 abacus n．算盤 accurate adj．準確的 bead n．有孔之珠 represent v. 表示，代表 electronic adj．電子的 square root 平方根 powerful adi. 強大的，作用大的 lifetime n．一生 brain n．大腦 living adj．活的，有生命的 human n．人類 following adj．下列的，接著的 amazing adj．令人驚奇的 program v. 為（計算機）設(shè)計程序 be made up of 由…組成 figure n．數(shù)字 cardinal n．基數(shù)詞 ordinal n．序數(shù)詞 decimal n．小數(shù) copy v. 抄寫 wrongly adv．錯誤地 gift n．禮物 announcement n．宣告，通告 decision n．決定 fellow n．伙伴 graph n. 圖表 not at all 別客氣 二 重點難點解析 1 ．In ancient times，people wrote numbers in many different ways，as these pictures of the number 6 show．在古代，人們用各種各樣的方法記錄數(shù)字，就像這些圖片所表示的數(shù)字6一樣。 *in ancient times意為“在古代”。例：Pepole used wood to cook in ancient times．古代人們用木柴做飯。 ☆辮析：as，like兩者都有“像”的意思，但as是連詞后跟從句；like是介詞后跟名詞或代詞，例： Do as I do，照我的樣子做。Do it like this．照這樣做。 2．This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and calculate． 這是一項十分重要的發(fā)明，因為它使書寫大數(shù)目和計算更容易。 ☆because后為原因狀語從句。 ☆make it easier to do…使做……更容易。例：Today telephones make it easier to talk with each other. 當今電話使人們交談起來更容易。 3 ．Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today． 算盤計算很快并且很準確，因此人們至今仍在使用。 ☆so…that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，表示結(jié)果，意為“如此……以致”。結(jié)果狀語從句須里于主句之后。例： The sound was so weak that nobody could hear it．聲音如此小，沒人能聽見。 4 ．Use your own living puter to solve the problem above．用你自己的活電腦來解決上面的問題。 *a living puter一臺活電腦。例：The brain is called a living puter．大腦被稱作活電腦。 ☆辮析：question，problem兩者均可表示“問題”o question多指對不懂的事情提出的問題，往往期待他人給予解答，常與answer連用；problem指客觀存在的并有待解決的難題，常與solve連用。例： She couldn\t answer the question．她未能回答這個問題。 We have some problems to solve．我們有些問題需要解決。 5 ．If it is not powerftil enough，you will find the answer on page 59.如果它不夠強大，你可以在59頁找到答案。 ☆if后為條件狀語從句，表示“如果……”，主句用一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例： Will you e if he es here? 如果他來，你會來嗎？ 6. \"0”的不同表達 zero/naught（nought) /nothing/nil 三 重點語段翻譯 Numbers：Everyone\s language How many languages do you know? Everyone knows at least two-his or her own language and the international language of numbers． Ancient numbers． In ancient times，people wrote numbers in many different ways，as these pictures of the number 6 show．However, they nearly all counted in the same way-一一in tens． Zero The system of numbers that nearly everyone uses today consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0（zero)．With these ten numbers，we can write any number from the biggest to the smallest ．The Indians first invented and developed the 1 to 9 system of numbers ．They then invented the zero．This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate． Calculating machines One of the first calculating machines was an abacus ．Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today ．On the abacus in the picture，the beads on the wires represent ones，tens，hundreds and thousands，starting from the bottom wire． The picture on the right shows a modern electronic calculator. It can add，subtract，multiply and divide ．It can also calculate percentages and square roots． This picture shows a puter. puters are very powerful calculating machines ．In a flash，a puter can do a calculation that you could not do in your whole lifetime． Brain against puter Some people call the brain a living puter ．Is a human brain a more powerful calculator than a puter? The following story may give an answer： Shakuntala Devi is a lady from India with an amazing brain ．She can calculate like lightning ．In America，Shakuntala and a very powerful puter were given this problem to solve． ☆Find the number that, when it is multiplied 23 times by itself, *gives.this.answer:9167486769xx91580986609275853801624831066801443086 2240712651642793465704086709659327920576748080679002 2783016354924852380335745316935111903596577547340075 681688305620821016129132845546805780158806771 Shakunt